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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent technological advances have lead to novel descriptions of the microanatomy of the corneal stroma. In the first section of this review, these findings and the role they play in the maintenance of vital properties such as corneal transparency, mechanical strength, homeostasis, wound-healing response and metabolism are described. In the second part, contact lens induced stromal alterations such as acidosis, oedema, striae, thinning and opacities are reviewed as well as the more recently described phenomenon of microdot deposits and keratocyte loss with an emphasis on how lens wearing stromal effects can be minimised.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2005 Mar
PMID:The corneal stroma during contact lens wear. 1631 29

Exposure keratopathy, including that which occurs following laser assisted keratomileusis, appears to be associated with incomplete blinking. Incomplete blinking may contribute to the signs and symptoms of lid wiper epitheliopathy. In addition, precipitation of contact lens surface deposits and other contact lens surface drying phenomena, appear to be accelerated by incomplete blinking. For the inferior cornea or contact lens surface an incomplete blink approximately doubles the interblink interval and tear evaporation time, becoming even longer as blink rates reduce for computer and reading tasks. Inadequate aqueous, mucous and lipid distribution, as well as tear thinning over the exposed ocular or contact lens surface, may further increase the rate and significance of tear break-up and evaporation following an incomplete blink. Increased tear osmolarity that is associated with accelerated tear evaporation may also contribute to tissue changes and symptoms. Behaviour modification and habit reversal methods can be employed in the provision of blink efficiency exercises that are used to overcome incomplete blinking habits, with the potential to improve lipid, mucous and aqueous distribution so that exposure keratopathy, lid wiper epitheliopathy, and any associated symptoms are alleviated and/or prevented. Similarly, improved blink efficiency may help maintain lens surface condition and alleviate dryness symptoms for contact lens wearers. Lubricant drop instillation that is combined with blink efficiency exercises may increase the therapeutic benefit to corneal, conjunctival and lid wiper epithelium, as well as improving contact lens performance. Conditions of drop instillation, that reduce reflex blinking and tearing, may increase drop contact time and therapeutic benefit.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2007 Mar
PMID:Incomplete blinking: exposure keratopathy, lid wiper epitheliopathy, dry eye, refractive surgery, and dry contact lenses. 1725 Oct 52

The application of aberrometry in the field of refractive surgery has led to the availability of several methods of measuring ocular aberrations in a clinical setting. A case series from four patients diagnosed with corneal thinning disorders is described in this paper (keratectasia following refractive surgery, pellucid marginal degeneration, forme fruste keratoconus or keratoconus). These cases demonstrate how aberrometry can be used to help in the differential diagnosis of patients with corneal thinning disorders, although the standard polynomial fitting for aberrometry data may fail in some patients. Measurement of ocular aberrations can provide an improved description of the optical quality of the eye and hence can be useful to the clinician in evaluating eyes with optical abnormalities.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2008 Aug
PMID:Aberrometry in clinical practice: case series. 1860 58

The administration of therapeutic cell types, such as stem and progenitor cells, has gained much interest for the limitation or repair of tissue damage caused by a variety of insults. However, it is still uncertain whether the morphological and functional benefits are mediated predominantly via cell differentiation or paracrine mechanisms. Here, we assessed the extent and mechanisms of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC)-dependent tissue repair in the context of acute myocardial infarction. Human ASCs in saline or saline alone was injected into the peri-infarct region in athymic rats following left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Cardiac function and structure were evaluated by serial echocardiography and histology. ASC-treated rats consistently exhibited better cardiac function, by all measures, than control rats 1 month following LAD occlusion. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fractional shortening were improved in the ASC group, whereas LV remodeling and dilation were limited in the ASC group compared with the saline control group. Anterior wall thinning was also attenuated by ASC treatment, and post-mortem histological analysis demonstrated reduced fibrosis in ASC-treated hearts, as well as increased peri-infarct density of both arterioles and nerve sprouts. Human ASCs were persistent at 1 month in the peri-infarct region, but they were not observed to exhibit significant cardiomyocyte differentiation. Human ASCs preserve heart function and augment local angiogenesis and cardiac nerve sprouting following myocardial infarction predominantly by the provision of beneficial trophic factors.
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PMID:IFATS collection: Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells induce angiogenesis and nerve sprouting following myocardial infarction, in conjunction with potent preservation of cardiac function. 1877 13

Anterior crossbite correction in early mixed dentition is highly recommended as this kind of malocclusion do not diminish with age. Uncorrected anterior crossbite may lead to abnormal wear of the lower incisors, dental compensation of mandibular incisors leading to thinning of labial alveolar plate and/or gingival recession. There are several methods for solving this problem. In this article we would like to describe removable inclined plane. This is a removable simple functional appliance on the lower arch (jaw), which works as inclined plane. One of the advantage of the Bruckl appliance is that it can also be used as retention appliance after active treatment as well as it is possible to add acrylic teeth if necessary. Therefore it can be used as a removable partial denture in lower jaw in case where there is a premature loss of the primary teeth. The use of this appliance is illustrated with three cases.
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PMID:Anterior crossbite correction in primary and mixed dentition with removable inclined plane (Bruckl appliance). 1922 14

Disruptions in the hippocampal-cortical functional connectivities have been implicated in schizophrenia but less is known about their anatomical disconnectivities and association with clinical symptoms. We assessed the anatomical relationships between hippocampal shape, cortical thickness, and integrity of white matter bundles interconnecting them in this study. A brain mapping technique, large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, was used to analyze structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans of 126 schizophrenia patients and 77 matched healthy controls. We found that schizophrenia patients had surface inward-deformation in bilateral anterior hippocampi and cortical thinning in the regions of bilateral prefrontal, temporal, and occipital cortices compared with healthy controls. Anterior hippocampal shape deformity was associated with cortical thinning in the brain regions involved in visuo-spatial and verbal memory pathways. Canonical analysis revealed that greater disruptions in the hippocampal-cortical connectivity were associated with more severe negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Furthermore, fractional anisotropy in the fornix and cingulum bundles were reduced indicating abnormal integration of white matter between hippocampus and cortex in schizophrenia. Our findings suggested that aberrant structural hippocampal-cortical connectivities may serve as a marker of the illness and provide further structural evidence to support the notion of schizophrenia as a disorder of brain connectivity.
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PMID:Hippocampal-cortical structural connectivity disruptions in schizophrenia: an integrated perspective from hippocampal shape, cortical thickness, and integrity of white matter bundles. 2057 61

A 47-year-old man with ichthyosis vulgaris presented to our hospital complaining of reduced visual acuity and ocular discomfort in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a thinning about 2mm from the superior limbus and superficial punctate corneal lesions in the left eyes. Corneal topography was 'butterfly-like' in an area of increased elevation in the left eye. Although ichthyosis vulgaris and unilateral superior pellucid marginal degeneration are both uncommon conditions, this is first report about these two conditions in studied together.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011 Feb
PMID:Unilateral superior pellucid marginal degeneration in a case with ichthyosis. 2108 17

A 14-year-old girl who presented with an endodermal cyst manifesting as severe neck and shoulder pain along with vesicorectal disturbances. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed a slightly enhanced intradural cyst at the C6-7 level in the ventral side of the spinal canal, with significant dorsal shortening and thinning of the spinal cord. Anterior corpectomy was chosen because of the dorsal effacement of the spinal cord. The cyst wall was subtotally removed to avoid damage to the normal spinal cord. After cyst removal, the iliac bone and an anterior cervical plate were used for anterior fusion. Postoperatively, her pain subsided without neurological deficits. The histological diagnosis was endodermal cyst. The cyst did not recur during a follow-up period of 18 months. Endodermal cysts are rare congenital lesions of the spine lined by endodermal epithelium. The natural history of this lesion is unclear, and the surgical strategy for the approach route and the extent of removal of the cyst wall remain controversial. We suggest that the anterior approach may allow a safer and more effective surgical route for the treatment of ventrally located endodermal cyst compared to the posterior approach.
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PMID:Ventral intradural endodermal cyst in the cervical spine treated with anterior corpectomy--case report. 2219 13

Anterior dislocation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rare; 9 cases have been reported in the English literature. Five patients sustained subluxation, with recurvatum as the clinical manifestation, and 4 patients sustained complete dislocation, usually accompanying other serious complications.This article describes a case of complete dislocation that developed atraumatically 16 years after TKA and was characterized by dislocation in extension and spontaneous reduction in flexion. Revision TKA was planned, with several alternative procedures under consideration, ranging in degree of invasiveness from simple polyethylene exchange to conversion to a hinge-typed prosthesis. Intraoperatively, extensive areas of blackened synovium and posterior-dominant polyethylene wear existed medially and laterally. Considering the patient's age of 82 years, low activity level in activities of daily living, edematous skin, and number of stable components, we performed simple polyethylene exchange to a cruciate-retaining component that left the partial metal defect in the tibial plate untouched. Successful outcome was achieved for >2 years. The dislocation mechanism was polyethylene thinning, leading to relative valgus and anteroposterior instability that aggravated the anterior cruciate ligament dysfunction, which is speculated as the inherent key causative factor in every TKA.Complete dislocation, usually accompanying other complications, requires prompt treatment because the possibility of serious consequences exists. Due to the absence of a gold standard, the treatment of choice needs to be made on a case-by-case basis.
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PMID:Complete anterior knee dislocation 16 years after cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. 2249 65

Across development children show marked improvement in their executive functions (EFs), including the ability to hold information in working memory and to deploy cognitive control, allowing them to ignore prepotent responses in favor of newly learned behaviors. How does the brain support these age-related improvements? Age-related cortical gray-matter thinning, thought to result from selective pruning of inefficient synaptic connections and increases in myelination, may support age-related improvements in EFs. Here we used structural MRI to measure cortical thickness. We investigate the association between cortical thickness in three cortical regions of interest (ROIs), and age-related changes in cognitive control and working memory in 5-10 year old children. We found significant associations between reductions in cortical thickness and age-related improvements in performance on both working memory and cognitive control tasks. Moreover, we observed a dissociation between ROIs typically thought to underlie changes in cognitive control (right Inferior Frontal gyrus and Anterior Cingulate cortex) and age-related improvements in cognitive control, and ROIs for working memory (superior parietal cortex), and age-related changes in a working memory task. These data add to our growing understanding of how structural maturation of the brain supports vast behavioral changes in executive functions observed across childhood.
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PMID:Cortical gray-matter thinning is associated with age-related improvements on executive function tasks. 2389 79


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