Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lumbosacral spines from 51 geriatric-age cadavers (25 men and 26 women) were examined both grossly and under the dissecting microscope for evidence of compression of fifth lumbar spinal nerves by their respective lumbosacral ligaments. These ligaments were found to extend from the transverse process and body of L5 to the ala of the sacrum in 97% of the specimens, and from the transverse process and body of L5 to the promontory of the sacrum in 3% of the specimens. Anterior primary rami of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve were observed to be compressed in 11% (11 of 102) of the specimens examined grossly and under the dissecting microscope. Histologic evidence of chronic compression, as suggested by perineurial and endoneurial fibrosis, peripheral thinning of myelin sheaths, or subjective evidence of a shift in fiber diameter to a population of smaller size fibers was found, deep to the lumbosacral ligament, in three of the 11 nerves judged to be compressed. The information derived is of interest to the clinician whose patient presents with L5 root signs and a myelogram, discogram, and computed tomographic scan which do not show any abnormality. The possibility of extraforaminal compression must be considered as a possible source of the clinical signs.
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PMID:Evidence from cadavers suggestive of entrapment of fifth lumbar spinal nerves by lumbosacral ligaments. 202 6

Anterior sitting is the most frequent localisation of frontal or ethmoidal mucocele. Generally its evolution is slow, but some times they evolve as acute inflammatory processes. The AA. report 2 paradigmatic cases of each course. The CAT shows the thinning out of the bone and the spreading of the disease. Comments on the symptomatology, exploratory means and differential diagnosis with other sinusal or orbital conditions.
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PMID:[Ethmoidofrontal mucoceles. Their clinical picture, diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. 207 29

We have attempted to clarify the serial histological changes in the growing spine of dogs following posterior fixation with acrylic cement. Twenty-four male mongrel dogs aged 8 weeks were used for the study. The lumbar spine from L.3 to L.5 was fixed posteriorly with acrylic cement. Three dogs were then sacrificed every four weeks up to 32 weeks, and the histological changes of the vertebral disc, growth plate and vertebral bodies were observed by light microscopy. Thinning of the growth plate and distortion of the cartilage columns has been demonstrated, but premature fusion of the growth plate did not result and vertebral body growth continued. Anterior wedging of the intervertebral disc was seen with some thinning of the bony trabeculae of the vertebral body. Degeneration of the nucleus pulposus resulted, with replacement by fibrous tissue. The normal horizontal arrangement of the fibres of the annulus fibrosus altered to a vertical configuration by 32 weeks.
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PMID:The effect of posterior spinal fixation with acrylic cement on the vertebral growth plate and intervertebral disc in dogs. 372 57

Anterior segment fluorescein angiography has been used in the investigation of patients with sclerokeratitis. This showed that corneal thinning or destruction was associated with non-perfusion of the episcleral vasculature. The changes arose either as a result of a systemic vasculitis in seropositive individuals or were induced by surgery to the eye. Infiltrative forms of sclerokeratitis were commoner in seronegative patients and were less often associated with vascular shutdown.
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PMID:Fluorescein angiography in the differential diagnosis of sclerokeratitis. 382 65

The relationship between epicardial and transmural function (measured with sonomicrometers) was examined in 13 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Systolic wall thickening was used as a standard of integrated transmural function to compare with epicardial function measured as segment shortening parallel to surface fibers. Three levels of coronary inflow restriction were produced by using decrements in systolic wall thickening as an index of changes in the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow (microspheres) in myocardium perfused by the left anterior descending artery (anterior-apical group, n = 7) or circumflex artery (posterior-basal group, n = 6). Levels 1 and 2 were characterized by reductions in systolic wall thickening of 35% and 80%, respectively, and marked decreases in deep myocardial blood flow. In the subepicardium, myocardial blood flow was minimally affected at levels 1 and 2 and there was no change in posterior-basal epicardial segment shortening, but anterior segment shortening decreased significantly (by 21% and 37%, respectively). At level 3 myocardial blood flow was reduced transmurally, producing systolic wall thinning and marked epicardial dysfunction in both groups. Parallel epicardial segment shortening underestimated the extent of transmural dysfunction in both groups at levels 1 and 2 but the degree of underestimation was greatest in the posterior-basal group. Anterior-apical segment shortening was impaired at levels 1 and 2, whereas posterior-basal segment shortening was unaffected, suggesting that significant regional variability exists in the epicardial response to nontransmural ischemia.
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PMID:Dissociation between epicardial and transmural function during acute myocardial ischemia. 399 16

Keratoconus is a debilitating corneal thinning disease that principally develops in the second and third decades of life. Our group previously developed a novel approach to studying keratoconus, based on the observation that there is a gradient of damage across the keratoconic cone. We identified a number of cellular characteristics of keratoconus such as discrete incursions of fine cellular processes from the anterior keratocytes in association with localised indentation of the basal epithelium, and increased levels of the lysosomal enzymes Cathepsin B and G in aberrant keratocytes, located beneath compromised regions of Bowman's layer, but also deeper in the stroma. Enzyme activity by these cells seemed to be causing localised structural degradation of the anterior stroma, leading to near-complete destruction of both Bowman's layer and the stroma, often necessitating a full-thickness corneal graft for sight restoration. This current study extends our initial findings by investigating the role of corneal nerves passing between the stroma and epithelium at the sites of early degradative change observed previously, and may be facilitating the keratocyte-epithelial interactions in this disease. Cells in sections of normal and keratoconic human corneas were labelled with the fixable fluorescent viability dye 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, antibodies to alpha-tubulin (nerves), alpha3beta1 integrin, Cathepsin B and G, and the nuclear dye DAPI, and then examined with a confocal microscope. Anterior keratocyte nuclei were seen wrapping around the nerves as they passed through the otherwise acellular Bowman's layer, and as the disease progressed and Bowman's layer degraded, these keratocytes were seen to express higher levels of Cathepsin B and G, and become displaced anteriorly into to the epithelium. Localised nerve thickenings also developed within the epithelium in association with Cathepsin B and G expression, and appeared to be very destructive to the cornea. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of keratoconic disease pathogenesis and progression can be gained from the process of extracellular matrix remodelling known from studies of connective tissues other than the cornea, and wound healing studies in the cornea. Further studies are required to determine how well this model fits the actual molecular basis of the pathogenesis of keratoconus.
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PMID:Involvement of corneal nerves in the progression of keratoconus. 1295 50

The use of adult stem cells for myocardial tissue repair might be limited in elderly and sick people because their cells are depleted and exhausted. The present study was conducted to explore the potential of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD133+ progenitor cells for myocardial tissue repair in a model of extensive myocardial infarction (MI). CD133+ progenitor cells were isolated from newborn UCB. Cells (1.2-2 x 10(6)) or saline (control) was infused intravenously 7 days after permanent coronary artery ligation in athymic nude rats. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed before and 1 month after infusion by echocardiography. Tracking of human cells was performed by fluorescent in situ hybridization for human X and Y chromosomes or by immunostaining for HLA-DR or HLA-ABC. One month after delivery, LV fractional shortening improved by 42 +/- 17% in cell-treated hearts and decreased by 39 +/- 10% in controls (p = .001). Anterior wall thickness decreased significantly in controls but not in treated hearts. Microscopic examination revealed that the UCB cells were able to migrate, colonize, and survive in the infarcted myocardium. Human cells were identified near vessel walls and LV cavity and were occasionally incorporated into endothelial cells in six of nine cell-treated animals but not in controls. Scar tissue from cell-treated animals was significantly populated with autologous myofibroblasts as indicated by colocalization of HLA-DR and alpha-smooth muscle actin staining. In conclusion, the present work suggests that, after MI, intravenous delivery of human UCB-derived CD133+ cells can produce functional recovery by preventing scar thinning and LV systolic dilatation.
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PMID:Human umbilical cord blood-derived CD133+ cells enhance function and repair of the infarcted myocardium. 1619 18

Over the past 30 years, a number of studies employing the techniques of light and electron microscopy have been conducted on the corneas of human and animal eyes in an effort to more fully understand the histopathological basis of clinically-observed contact lens-related phenomena. This paper reviews studies that have sought to explain such effects, including epithelial abrasion, punctate staining and thinning; stromal oedema and thinning, and endothelial polymegethism. It is demonstrated that an understanding of contact lens-induced changes to corneal ultrastructure can have a significant impact on the clinical appreciation of the severity or otherwise of various conditions as observed with the slit-lamp biomicroscope.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2001
PMID:Effects of contact lens wear on corneal ultrastructure. 1630 64

Keratoconus, a non-inflammatory thinning of the cornea, is a leading indication for corneal transplantation. For its causation, we propose a "Cascade Hypothesis" stating that keratoconus corneas have abnormal or defective enzymes in the lipid peroxidation and/or nitric oxide pathways leading to oxidative damage. The accumulation of oxidative, cytotoxic by-products causes an alteration of various corneal proteins, triggering a cascade of events, (i.e. apoptosis, altered signaling pathways, increased enzyme activities, fibrosis). This hypothesis is supported by biochemical, immunohistochemical and molecular data presented in this review. Based upon this evidence, one can speculate that keratoconus patients should minimize their exposure to oxidative stress. Protective steps should include wearing ultraviolet (UV) protection (in the contact lenses and/or sunglasses), minimizing the mechanical trauma (eye rubbing, poorly fit contact lenses) and keeping eyes comfortable with artificial tears, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or allergy medications.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2003 Sep
PMID:The cascade hypothesis of keratoconus. 1630 9

The importance of the tear film for the integrity of the ocular surface is well established. Full-term neonates produce tears normally, but low spontaneous blink rates during early life raises important questions regarding tear dynamics and stability. Although an afferent neural pathway that could potentially detect tear break-up is in place at birth, there is indirect evidence that the neonatal tear film is adapted to resist evaporation-mediated tear thinning. This adaptation presumably prevents drying of the ocular surface during long inter-blink periods. However, low rates of tear turnover may have important implications for the defence of the eye against potential pathogens.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2003 Dec
PMID:The neonatal tear film. 1630 18


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