Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A decreased count of retinal photoreceptors all over the fundus and a loss of retinal pigment epithelium cells mainly in the parapapillary region have been reported to be associated with glaucoma. This study addressed the question whether this cell loss in the deep retinal layers may be connected with a change of the choroidal thickness in glaucomatous eyes. Histological sections of 12 eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma due to a malignant melanoma of the ciliary body and 20 eyes with a malignant choroidal melanoma and normal intraocular pressure were histomorphometrically evaluated. Before enucleation the intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the glaucoma group compared with the control group. Thickness of the choroid was measured at 12 locations from the posterior pole to the fundus periphery. The choroid was significantly thinner in the glaucoma group than in the control group. The decreased choroidal thickness was mainly due to a diminished choroidal vessel diameter. The differences were more marked at the optic disc border than in the fundus periphery. The decreased choroidal thickness in the glaucomatous eyes suggests a reduced choroidal perfusion. It fits with the reported lack of autoregulation of the choroidal blood circulation. Considering the diminished choroidal thickness especially in the parapapillary region, it may be one among other factors explaining the changes of the deep retinal layers in eyes with glaucoma. It indicates that thinning of the choroid, besides the chorioretinal atrophy in the parapapillary region, should be added to the panoply of histological changes in glaucoma.
 ...
PMID:Decreased choroidal thickness in eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma. An aetiological factor for deep retinal changes in glaucoma? 834 72

Non-contiguous local recurrence of posterior uveal melanoma occurs rarely after plaque therapy. A 50-year-old white first presented with choroidal melanoma. He underwent therapy with episcleral iodine-125 radioactive plaque therapy. Nine years later fundus evaluation revealed a new pigmented lesion in the inferotemporal equatorial area. Patient was considered to have a non-contiguous recurrent melanoma and the eye was enucleated. Histologic microscopic examination disclosed a 3 x 1.8 mm densely pigmented tumour internal to the choroid at the equator. The tumour was composed of large round cells with round nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant cytoplasm and spindle-shaped cells with spindle-shaped nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The tumour extended through the retina. The superior nasal area of plaque therapy had extensive chorioretinal atrophy with loss of retinal pigment epithelium, thinning of the retina and thinning and depigmentation of the choroids. Within this area of atrophy, there was a pigmented lesion composed by densely packed, spindle-shaped cells with spindle-shaped nuclei. Our patient illustrated non-contiguous recurrence of choroidal melanoma, such finding raises concerns about physiopathology and treatment of choroidal melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Non-contiguous recurrence or secondary choroidal melanoma following plaque radiotherapy. 1789 87

The aim of this study is to investigate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) as well as fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (IA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a patient with pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy (PPCRA). A funduscopic examination revealed chorioretinal atrophy along the paravenous area in both eyes. A marked bone spicule pigment clumping together with the atrophy was noted left eye. FA and IA showed a window defect and hypofluorescence, respectively, which exclusively corresponds to the atrophic area along the retinal vein area and the optic disc both eyes. FAF revealed geographic hypofluorescence along the paravenous and supranasal retinal areas. Hyperfluorescence was noted, which comparatively surrounded the hypofluorescence in the peripheral paravenous distribution. Hypofluorescence detected by FAF corresponded to the areas of retinal thinning and atrophy detected by OCT and FA. FAF is a useful examination in PPCRA, which can noninvasively demonstrate the distribution of deficit and dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium.
 ...
PMID:Abnormalities of fundus autofluorescence in pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy. 2326 40

Myopia is a common ocular disorder generally due to increased axial length of the eye-globe. Its extreme form high myopia (HM) is a multifactorial disease leading to retinal and scleral damage, visual impairment or loss and is an important health issue. Mutations in the endocytic receptor LRP2 gene result in Donnai-Barrow (DBS) and Stickler syndromes, both characterized by HM. To clearly establish the link between Lrp2 and congenital HM we inactivated Lrp2 in the mouse forebrain including the neural retina and the retinal and ciliary pigment epithelia. High resolution in vivo MRI imaging and ophthalmological analyses showed that the adult Lrp2-deficient eyes were 40% longer than the control ones mainly due to an excessive elongation of the vitreal chamber. They had an apparently normal intraocular pressure and developed chorioretinal atrophy and posterior scleral staphyloma features reminiscent of human myopic retinopathy. Immunomorphological and ultrastructural analyses showed that increased eye lengthening was first observed by post-natal day 5 (P5) and that it was accompanied by a rapid decrease of the bipolar, photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells, and eventually the optic nerve axons. It was followed by scleral thinning and collagen fiber disorganization, essentially in the posterior pole. We conclude that the function of LRP2 in the ocular tissues is necessary for normal eye growth and that the Lrp2-deficient eyes provide a unique tool to further study human HM.
...
PMID:Foxg1-Cre Mediated Lrp2 Inactivation in the Developing Mouse Neural Retina, Ciliary and Retinal Pigment Epithelia Models Congenital High Myopia. 2610 39

Pathologic myopia (PM) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The pathophysiology of PM is not fully understood, but the axial elongation of the eye followed by chorioretinal thinning is suggested as a key mechanism. Pathologic myopia may lead to many complications such as chorioretinal atrophy, foveoschisis, choroidal neovascularization, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, cataract, and glaucoma. Some complications affect visual acuity significantly, showing poor visual prognosis. This article aims to review the types, pathophysiology, treatment, and visual outcome of the complications of PM.
...
PMID:Complications of Pathologic Myopia. 2664 82

A 7-year-old Afghani girl was referred to the retina clinic of Massachusetts Eye and Ear for a chronic-appearing, macula-off retinal detachment in the left eye. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 in the right eye and 20/800 in the left eye. She had bilateral horizontal nystagmus. Ophthalmoscopy revealed prominent choroidal vessels, chorioretinal atrophy in the macular area, attenuated retinal vasculature, and pale optic discs bilaterally. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated atrophy of the choriocapillaris and the retinal pigment epithelium, retinal thinning, and abnormal foveal contour. In the right eye, findings were reminiscent of dome shape maculopathy with an adjacent lesion suspicious for inactive choroidal neovascularization. A suspected diagnosis of Knobloch syndrome was confirmed by genetic testing, which showed a homozygous variant in exon 33 of the COL18A1 gene defined as c.3213dupC. She underwent cryotherapy and scleral buckling surgery in the left eye and remained attached bilaterally at 3 years' follow-up, with progressive myopia and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/100 in the right eye and 20/125 in the left eye.
 ...
PMID:Optical coherence tomography findings and successful repair of retina detachment in Knobloch syndrome. 2892 18