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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Schizencephaly is a regional disturbance of cerebral hemisphere formation occurring at 3-5 months gestation; neonatal presentation is uncommon. Three neonates with schizencephaly were evaluated with cranial ultrasonography (US), unenhanced computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Common findings in US, CT, and MRI include parasylvian and midline clefts, size asymmetries of the basal ganglia and thalamus, cerebral parenchymal volume loss, ventriculomegaly, ventricular diverticula, and absence of the septum pellucidum. MRI and CT were superior to US in detecting calcification, gyral and sulcal abnormalities, and parasylvian clefts. MRI alone demonstrated homolateral absence of the sylvian vasculature, small medullary pyramids, low position of the fornix, and the thinning of the corpus callosum. Although US appears adequate as a screening test, MRI best defines the precise pathoanatomic findings of neonatal schizencephaly and allows for the prediction of neurologic outcomes in affected newborns.
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PMID:Neonatal schizencephaly: comparison of brain imaging. 212 54

A rare case of complex anomaly, composed of schizencephaly, polymicrogyria, heterotopic gray matter, agenesis of the septum pellicidi and arachnoid cyst at the right middle cranial fossa was encountered. A 38-year old man, complaining of epileptic seizure, was admitted to our department. His past history included cerebral palsy. Plain skull roentgenogram showed protrusion of the right temporal bone and thinning of the ipsilateral sphenoidal wing. CT revealed arachnoid cyst and parietal crest surrounded by cortical layer on the right side. MRI also demonstrated the arachnoid cyst, parietal crest and agenesis of septum pellicidi. MRI, especially proton density weighted image, well demonstrated cortical layer surrounding the parietal crest, right opercular polymicrogyria and left heterotopic gray matter. The crest was diagnosed as schizencephaly. The arachnoid cyst was treated by cyst-cisternal shunt with a silicone tube (Sapporo shunt) after fenestrating the cyst. The tube was inserted into the sylvian fissure from the cyst and sutured to the inner wall of the cyst. Despite slight intratumoral hemorrhage in the CT at 1.5 months after the operation, the cyst markedly decreased in size. As to the diagnosis of the brain anomaly, MRI gives extremely useful information. Particularly for the diagnosis of anomalies of migration of neuronal cells, MRI, especially proton density weighted image, has been regarded as an indispensable examination. In the operation of subarachnoid cyst, to maintain the flow between the inside of its cyst and the basal cistern, cyst-cisternal shunt with a silicone tube had satisfactory results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of complex brain anomaly with arachnoid cyst treated well by cyst-cisternal shunt]. 766 44

It is generally accepted that there are two subsets of septo-optic dysplasia (deMorsier's syndrome), one with schizencephaly and the other without schizencephaly. A third form of the anomaly which is associated with callosal absence has also been described. Except for schizencephaly, the association of septo-optic dysplasia with another major type of disorder of neuronal migration and organization such as cortical dysplasia, has not yet been reported. We report the MR imaging examination of a 3-year-old patient with bilateral rolandic cortical dysplasia, and with apparent thinning of the optic nerves, and absent septum pellucidum (septo-optic dysplasia) as a new combination. This can be labelled as cortico-septo-optic dysplasia.
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PMID:Septo-optic dysplasia associated with cerebral cortical dysplasia (cortico-septo-optic dysplasia). 910 11

A variety of developmental brain anomalies have been described in individuals with fetal hydrocephalus, regardless of etiology. Examples include callosal dysgenesis, periventricular gray matter heterotopia, hippocampal and white matter hypoplasia, and cortical polygyration. The present report draws attention to another anomaly not reported in previous case series of fetal hydrocephalus: focal cerebral mantle disruption. Neonatal imaging findings (where available) and post-shunt, stable-state magnetic resonance imaging, or pathological findings were reviewed in 77 subjects with fetal hydrocephalus (55 myelomeningocele, 16 sporadic aqueductal stenosis, 6 miscellaneous). Of these, 12 subjects (15.6%) demonstrated a combination of absence of the septum pellucidum and severe thinning or absence of the posteromesial cerebral mantle. On axial sequences, this combination created the illusion of a common ventricle, as in lobar holoprosencephaly. All 12 subjects had massive hydrocephalus at birth, accompanied in 7 by posteromesial ventricular diverticula. Two subjects, and one other subject with distinct lateral ventricles, demonstrated unilateral or bilateral mantle clefts suggestive of schizencephaly. Close radiological (n = 2) or pathological (n = 1) inspection showed that the clefts were only partially lined with gray matter and contained a transverse gliotic membrane. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that massive early fetal hydrocephalus may completely disrupt cerebral mantle formation, particularly in the posteromesial hemispheres.
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PMID:Focal cerebral mantle disruption in fetal hydrocephalus. 1743 6