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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The eyes were examined in 118 inpatients with various thalassemia forms. The examinations included viso- and perimetry, biomicro- and ophthalmoscopy, fluorescent angiography of the fundus oculi and retinophotography. Patients with thalassemia were found to develop a variety of changes in the eye, whose manifestations depended on the length and severity of the underlying disease and on the treatment administered. Changes in the conjunctival and retinal vessels develop as early as in the initial stages of thalassemia, presenting as twisting, dilatation, and irregular calibre of the veins, dilatation of the arteries and reduction of their light reflex. Later dystrophic and atrophic changes develop: obliteration of the iris pattern and thinning of its peripheral zone, deterioration of blood circulation in the central retinal zone. Multiple blood transfusions and hemosiderosis lead to the development of hyperpigmentation of the limb, sclera, fundus oculi and appearance of retinal angioid strips. These findings should be taken into consideration when assessing the ocular status of thalassemia patients and defining the indications for treatment for angiopathic and dystrophic processes in the eye.
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PMID:[Ocular function in beta-thalassemia patients]. 129 94

When deprived of form vision during postnatal development, tree shrews reliably develop an axial myopia characterized by elongation of the vitreous chamber, zonular dysplasia and a slight reduction in lens weight and thickness. Corneal flattening has been observed in animals visually deprived by eyelid suture but is absent in animals visually deprived with an opaque goggle. The sensitive period for myopia development starts about 15 days after the eyes open and sensitivity remains high for about 3-4 weeks thereafter. Recovery from experimental myopia can occur in tree shrews that are visually deprived using goggles for a short period. Blockade of action potentials from ganglion cells in deprived eyes by intravitreal injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) does not prevent the development of myopia, suggesting that local retinoscleral mechanisms can contribute to experimental myopia in this species. Open eyes receiving intravitreal injections of either saline or TTX have shorter vitreous chambers than control eyes, suggesting that puncturing the globe reduces forces within the eye that contribute to its expansion. Animals treated intraperitoneally with lathyritic agents to block collagen cross-linking for three weeks during a 75-day period of monocular visual deprivation develop a very large myopia in the visually deprived eye that is accompanied by a large vitreous chamber elongation and marked thinning of the posterior sclera. The results from studies in tree shrews are consistent with the suggestion that an internally driven expansion acts in concert with ocular growth to increase the axial length of the eye, helping to move the eye from hyperopia toward emmetropia. The resistance of the sclera and/or choroid to this expansion may be affected by activity within the retina. Increased retinal activity associated with achieving a clear image on the retina may result in increased resistance to expansion, helping to hold the retina at the focal plane. Recovery may occur by a slowing of axial expansion while the optical surfaces proceed toward adult values.
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PMID:Experimental myopia in tree shrews. 208 76

Focused high-intensity ultra-sound is used to treat glaucoma. Histopathologic examinations of rabbit and pig eyes following therapeutic ultrasound demonstrated highly localized lesions including destruction of the ciliary epithelium and thinning of the sclera. The bond between the sclera and the ciliary epithelium is weakened. The conjunctiva remains intact. The histologic findings in human eye enucleated after ultra-sound therapy are identical. Three mechanisms for pressure reduction are proposed: transscleral outflow of aqueous humor can occur under the overlying conjunctiva; focal destruction of the ciliary epithelium can reduce aqueous production; scleral scarring produces the potential for separation of the ciliary body and the sclera.
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PMID:[Principles and histologic effects of the treatment of hypertension with focused high-intensity ultrasound]. 223 1

The Sonocare system CST 100 provides high-intensity focused ultrasound to lower the intraocular pressure by three different mechanisms: partial destruction of the ciliary epithelium, scleral thinning allowing transcleral outflow of aqueous humor, and mainly the ciliary body separation from the sclera. Initially it was used to treat blind eyes with painful elevated intraocular pressure; now the indications are gradually extended to eyes with good vision. This technique takes place between laser trabeculoplasty and filtering surgery. The first 395 cases which were treated with ultrasound these two last years in the Quinze-Vingts Hospital, are displayed in this report.
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PMID:[Indications and results of Sonocare (ultrasound) in the treatment of ocular hypertension. A preliminary study of 395 cases]. 223 2

We examined three patients who had dermatologic and biochemical manifestations of porphyria cutanea tarda and localized thinning or excavation in the sun-exposed interpalpebral sclera, adjacent to the cornea. All three patients had signs of acute scleritis. The acute scleritis responded to oral indomethacin in one patient, but systemic corticosteroids were required to control the inflammation in the other two patients. Phlebotomy, protection from sunlight, and refraining from alcohol played an important part in the treatment of the patients.
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PMID:Acute scleritis in porphyria cutanea tarda. 233 Sep 42

To elucidate changes in the sclera of myopic eyes free of other obvious pathological features, morphometric and ultrastructural studies on the posterior sclera at the foveola of the three lid-fused monkeys that had developed high myopia were performed. The myopic eyes showed increased axial length, and their scleral thickness was about half that of the control eyes. Furthermore, a gradual increase in the size of collagen bundles and fibrils from the inner to the outer layer of the sclera was observed in the control eyes, but was not evident in the myopic eyes. From the present study, it can be speculated that an alteration of fibrillogenesis in the sclera is a key feature of scleral thinning in lid-suture myopia, and that axial elongation of the eyeball results from a combination of altered fibrillogenesis and mechanical expansion.
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PMID:Scleral change in experimentally myopic monkeys. 233 55

Transscleral neodymium (Nd):YAG cyclophotocoagulation, a new cyclodestructive procedure for controlling intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma, is designed to penetrate the sclera and selectively destroy the ciliary body and processes without damaging the overlying tissue. Complications include conjunctival edema, corneal edema, iritis, gas in the anterior chamber, pain, hyphema, hypopyon, vitreous hemorrhage, and cataract. We present a case in which a patient developed focal areas of scleral thinning 6 weeks after transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation. The possibility of scleral damage or thinning should be kept in mind when performing the procedure.
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PMID:Focal scleral thinning after transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation. 271 Apr 91

The thickness of the sclera has been morphologically examined in 165 cadaver eyes and the thickness of the reticular plate (RP) in 68 eyes in open-angle glaucoma, atherosclerosis, and involution. The measurements have shown that the sclera and RP are thinner in atherosclerosis than in the control, this process being more manifest in the RP. The RP supporting characteristics deteriorate even in vascular abnormalities. Open-angle glaucoma is associated with a most significant thinning of the sclera (t up to 5.33), but when this process develops far, the thinning ceases (t = 0.06). RP thinning is more marked (t = 2.2 = 7.58) and does not cease in case of a far-developed process. The values of the pressure on the posterior segment of the eye in health and in glaucoma are presented; this pressure is drastically elevated in glaucoma, which fact may explain the stretching of the entire posterior segment (of the sclera by 1.5 times and of the RP by 8.5 times). Since the mechanical properties of the RP are poor and the plate virtually disappears, the optic nerve is devoid of its support.
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PMID:[Quantitative biochemical shifts in the connective tissue of the rear section of the eyeball in glaucoma and atherosclerosis]. 272 63

Ophthalmological lesions enter in the definition of Cogan's syndrome, associated with vestibulo-auditory symptoms. They are present in almost one half of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis and in 10 to 20 p. 100 of patients with periarteritis nodosa, where they may be the initial symptom. Yet they are seldom described in leucocytoclastic angiitis of small vessels, 3 cases of which are reported here. The first case concerns a 71-year old woman with cutaneous leucocytoclastic angiitis which regressed within a few days under dapsone. However, the drug had to be withdrawn on account of acute haemolysis. Thereafter, new skin lesions and severe pain in the left eye with fall in visual acuity developed simultaneously. Eye examination showed a large, marginal ulceration of the cornea extending to the adjacent sclera and reflecting deep involvement of the sclerocorneal limbus. Systemic corticosteroid therapy in doses of 1 mg/kg/day was instituted, resulting in gradual disappearance of the skin lesions and stabilization of the ophthalmic lesion. There remains, however, thinning of the cornea and sclera which entails a definite risk of perforation should the angiitis recur. The second patient was a 54-year old man seen for fever, polyarthralgia, purpura of the lower limbs and rapidly extending necrotic ulceration of the scrotum. A few days previously, inflammatory chemosis of the right eye had suddenly developed. Under systemic corticosteroids (1.5 mg/kg/day), the ophthalmic symptoms rapidly regressed, but the patient died of digestive tract haemorrhage. The third case was that of a 36-year old woman with urticaria associated with arthralgias and diffuse myalgia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Ophthalmologic manifestations of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Apropos of 3 case reports]. 357 12

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has recently been described in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. However, despite previous studies in animal and mathematical models, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. We therefore undertook a histologic study of 15 porcine eyes to evaluate the effect of HIFU and, in particular, the changes seen after sequential insonification on previously treated areas of sclera. We demonstrated initial scleral swelling that was followed by scleral thinning. The scleral thinning could be maximized by a second superimposed course of HIFU. The most consistent change in the ciliary body was necrosis of the pars plana. Some treated animals developed a hemorrhagic retinal detachment that we believe to be due to the presence of a circumferential blood vessel, which runs in the ora serrata of the pig but which is not present in humans. Based on our observations, possible mechanisms of action of this treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Histologic changes in porcine eyes treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound. 361 62


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