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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eyes from cardiomyopathic hamsters (UM-X7.1 strain) were examined histologically for evidence of ocular defects. Changes observed included microphthalmia, scleral ectasia, scleral rupture, keratoconus, retinal detachment, retinal dysplasia, retinal fragmentation, retinal thinning, fibrosis of iris and ciliary body, ectopia lentis, and cataract formation. Lesions characteristic of cardiomyopathic hamsters were observed in the myocardium and skeletal muscle. This strain may be a suitable animal model to study the pathogenesis of ocular changes seen in certain congenital connective tissue disorders in man.
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PMID:Ocular abnormalities in the myopathic hamster (UM-X7.1 strain). 41 Jul 51

Three patients who had been treated with transscleral cryotherapy for retinal breaks and associated retinal detachment developed de novo retinal breaks and/or retinal thinning at the site of cryotherapy in the early postoperative period. Additional surgical interventions were required because retinal detachment had extended or remained unchanged postoperatively. We think that this may be due to excessive cryotherapy and is an early postoperative complication transscleral cryotherapy that to our knowledge has not previously been reported. This would suggest that when performing cryotherapy for retinal breaks and associated retinal detachment, care should be taken not to treat excessively.
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PMID:[De novo retinal break associated with excessive cryotherapy]. 162 16

We developed a reproducible model of traction retinal detachment (TRD) in the cat eye by creating a serous retinal detachment and then injecting 2.5 x 10(5) kitten dermal fibroblasts into the vitreous cavity at the site of a retinal wound. Serous detachments were produced by exposing an area of retina to focused light after intravenous injection of rose bengal (a photosensitizing dye). TRD developed rapidly within the first 2 weeks after fibroblast injection, accompanied by the formation of vitreoretinal strands and, to a lesser degree, epiretinal and/or subretinal proliferation. Histopathology demonstrated fibroblasts within the vitreous or along the posterior hyaloid face. Focal deposits of fibroblasts were occasionally found on the inner surface of the retina and/or in the subretinal space. Fibroblast proliferation was confirmed by uptake of radiolabeled thymidine. Deposition of collagen was noted at as early as 3 days after fibroblast injection. Neovascularization was not observed. Control eyes that did not receive fibroblasts showed resolution of serous detachment without retinal traction. In all eyes, retinal degeneration and thinning were seen in the area of previous photodynamic treatment. In this model of TRD, anteroposterior traction (due to vitreous strands) predominates, as is observed in experimental posterior penetrating ocular injury induced by intravitreal blood injection, which also results in vitreous strand formation. Our model, however, enables clinical assessment of TRD in the cat without the media opacification produced by vitreous blood.
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PMID:Experimental traction retinal detachment in the cat. 176

Aicardi syndrome is characterized by infantile spasms, agenesis of the corpus callosum, severe mental retardation, and a characteristic chorioretinopathy with lacunar defects. The authors report on a 2-year-old girl with congenital hydrocephaly who was found unresponsive by the baby-sitter and died shortly thereafter. At autopsy, the histopathologic findings, which were confined to the brain and eyes, were found highly characteristic of AIC. The main abnormalities included agenesis of the corpus callosum, micropolygyria, bilateral papillomas of choroid plexi, bilateral microphthalmia, bilateral hypoplasia of the optic nerves, bilateral colobomas of the juxtapapillaris choroid and optic disc, bilateral total retinal detachment with dysplastic rosettes and chorioretinal lacunae with focal thinning, and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. A detailed histopathologic study of the ocular findings and the brain anomalies is presented. The results of scanning electron microscopy of the chorioretinal lacunae demonstrated peculiar papillary proliferations of the retinal pigment epithelium in both eyes.
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PMID:Aicardi syndrome. A clinicopathologic case report including electron microscopic observations. 180 Sep 34

Over a 14-year period from 1974 to 1988, 12 eyes of 11 patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Peripheral corneal thinning required a large eccentric graft in each case. Follow-up ranged from one to eight years (mean, three years). One graft failed because of a persistent epithelial defect with keratolysis of the wound. Although endothelial allograft rejection was common, occurring in seven of 11 (64%) clear grafts, no graft failed because of rejection. Other complications included retinal detachment and a bacterial corneal ulcer. Suture erosion and vascularization of the graft were not problems. Postoperative spectacle correction was dispensed an average of 11 months after surgery. Visual acuity in seven patients without amblyopia, retinal disease, or a previous corneal ulcer at the time of spectacle correction ranged from 20/20 to 20/40 (mean, 20/30). Average final keratometric astigmatism in these patients was 2.46 diopters (range, 0.00 to 5.25 diopters). We believe that penetrating keratoplasty offers an excellent surgical result for patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.
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PMID:The results of penetrating keratoplasty for pellucid marginal corneal degeneration. 237 79

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has recently been described in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. However, despite previous studies in animal and mathematical models, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. We therefore undertook a histologic study of 15 porcine eyes to evaluate the effect of HIFU and, in particular, the changes seen after sequential insonification on previously treated areas of sclera. We demonstrated initial scleral swelling that was followed by scleral thinning. The scleral thinning could be maximized by a second superimposed course of HIFU. The most consistent change in the ciliary body was necrosis of the pars plana. Some treated animals developed a hemorrhagic retinal detachment that we believe to be due to the presence of a circumferential blood vessel, which runs in the ora serrata of the pig but which is not present in humans. Based on our observations, possible mechanisms of action of this treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Histologic changes in porcine eyes treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound. 361 62

A penetrating corneal graft was performed in 12 patients for corneal opacification induced by silicone oil. The patients were all aphakic. They had had vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complicated retinal detachment, often with periretinal proliferation. The average follow-up time was 13.7 months, during which four out of 11 grafts failed (one case was lost to follow-up). One patient developed severe calcific band keratopathy, and three grafts failed from endothelial decompensation. Changes induced by silicone oil include band keratopathy, thinning, and endothelial damage. The indications for keratoplasty for these corneal changes are discussed.
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PMID:Silicone oil keratopathy: indications for keratoplasty. 388 51

1148 patients underwent retinal detachment (RD) surgery between october 1st 1969 and december 31st 1979 with follow up assured until june 30th 1983 non idiopathic retinal detachments were excluded from this study which was focused on the risk factors concerning detachment of the second eye. With this time criteria the present rate of RD on the second eye is 4,03% : 39 eyes in 970 patients for whom the second eye was present examinable and free of any RD at the time of the first examination. A statistical analysis with the X2 test shows that male patients (p less than 0,025) and heavily myopic eyes (p less than 0,025) are at greater risk; giant tears (70 degrees and more) in the first eye are also an important risk factor. When it comes to preexisting peripheral lesions, the data are more confusing. While the absence of such lesions is not protective against detachment, the contralateral eyes of patients with so-called dangerous lesions may remain detachment-free for a very long time without any treatment. We think that the best prophylactic treatment consists of an equatorial 360 degrees argon laser photocoagulation, with the following indications: giant tear, any break, and peripheral degenerations that lead to a progressive thinning of the inner retina. Care must be taken not to perform heavy photocoagulation therapy on eyes harboring a cellular, densified vitreous.
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PMID:[Retinal detachment in the 2d eye. Risk factors]. 668 63

Silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil is characterized by being heavier than water (density, 1.16 g cm-3) and low viscosity (175-185 centistokes) compared with currently used intraocular silicone oils (density, 0.97 g cm-3 and 1000-5000 centistokes). This oil is potentially useful as an operative tool and a tamponade on the inferior retina in complicated retinal detachment. We evaluate the ocular response clinically and histopathologically within 8 weeks in rabbit phakic eyes to the purified silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil after vitreous cavity injection, and compared the oil tolerance with purified silicone oil (0.97 g cm-3, 5000 centistokes) and perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene for ophthalmic use (Vitreon, 2.03 g cm-3, 8.03 centistokes) which are currently used as operative tools and as internal retinal tamponade agents in retinal detachment surgery. Because of their low viscosity, silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil and perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene were easier to inject into the eye than silicone oil. Silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil and perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene occupied the inferior portion in the eye, and silicone oil occupied the superior portion. Fewer discrete oil droplets and weaker vessel attenuation of medullary rays than in the perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene-injected eyes were seen in silicone-fluorosilicone-copolymer-oil-injected eyes. Histopathologically, all retinas injected with silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil were normal within 4 weeks. The silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil dispersion did not induce histopathological changes within 8 weeks. However, thinning or disappearance of the outer plexiform layer was seen in the inferior retina in some silicone-fluorosilicone-copolymer-oil-injected eyes at 6-8 weeks. A similar effect was found in the superior retina of a silicone-oil-injected eye at 8 weeks. More severe changes such as thinning or disappearance of the outerplexiform layer, thinning and disorganization of the photoreceptor layer, and migration of the receptor cell nuclei to the photoreceptor layer were found in the inferior retina of perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene-injected eyes after 2 weeks. Intraocular silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil tolerance until about 2 months post-injection is similar to silicone oil and better than perfluorotetradecahydrophenanthrene. Silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil may be useful intraoperatively and as a temporary vitreous substitute in cases of inferior retinal detachment.
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PMID:Histopathology of rabbit eyes with intravitreous silicone-fluorosilicone copolymer oil. 769 67

Highly purified perfluorodecalin and non-purified perfluorodecalin were injected into 34 rabbit eyes after mechanical vitrectomy, to evaluate the retinal tolerance in long-term vitreous replacement and the effect of purification on the retina. Unpurified perfluorodecalin caused severe inflammation and retinal damage and eight of ten eyes had developed retinal detachment after four weeks. In the eyes injected with highly purified perfluorodecalin, we observed retinal changes of the rod and cone, outer nuclear, and ganglion-cell layers after two weeks, which progressed to a thinning of all layers of the retina by the fourth week and to localized areas of retinal atrophy by the eighth week in the lower part of the eyes. Retinal damage in the upper part occurred after four weeks. At the perfluorocarbon-aqueous interface we observed a band of retinal necrosis that was noticed in all eyes four weeks postoperatively regardless of the substance used.
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PMID:Experimental long-term vitreous replacement with purified and nonpurified perfluorodecalin. 808 5


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