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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoporosis is a known complication of anorexia nervosa. Although calorie and mineral malnutrition may contribute to changes in bone mass and morphometry, hypoestrogenism is thought to be the most important etiologic factor. In a seven-year longitudinal study of six women aged 19 to 35 years with adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa, the objective was to correlate menstruation and bone morphometry. At the onset of the study, five women were amenorrheic and had abnormal metacarpal bone morphometry. After seven years, three women remained amenorrheic and below 85% of ideal body weight. Anteroposterior roentgenographs of the nondominant second metacarpal taken at the beginning and end of the study revealed an increase in medullary canal diameter (p less than 0.03) and medullary area (p less than 0.04) and a decrease in combined cortical thickness (p less than 0.04) and percent cortical area (p less than 0.02). These findings suggest progressive endosteal resorption in the absence of compensatory periosteal apposition. Such bone remodeling characteristics are distinctly abnormal in this age group. The three women who regained menses showed up to one third less endosteal resorption and less cortical thinning than did the three women who remained amenorrheic. Resumption of menses may be an important milestone in preventing further cortical bone loss in anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of metacarpal bone morphometry in anorexia nervosa. 156 57

Systemic sodium fluoride has been used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies have shown that it has a positive risk/benefit ratio for use in increasing spinal trabecular bone density. However, thinning of the cortices of the long bones with a resulting increase in fracture incidence has been observed. This study was designed to determine the response of bone to sodium fluoride released from a biodegradable polymer matrix, a technique which could potentially deliver it locally to a site of need in the skeleton which has a positive response to fluoride. In one group of mature New Zealand white rabbits, cylindrical poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) implants, with or without impregnated sodium fluoride, were implanted into the contralateral femoral trochanters and tibial metaphyses. In a second group, similar implants were placed in adjacent vertebrae. Four weeks postimplantation, the femora, tibiae, and vertebrae were removed, sectioned, cleaned of all but mineralized tissue, and the surfaces of the sections stained. The stained surfaces were imaged and analyzed for morphometric properties of the trabeculae. Comparing contralateral vertebrae, those exposed to sodium fluoride had significantly thickened trabeculae, with decreased spacing between them and a greater bone fraction. A similar increase in trabecular width was found in the subchondral bone of the proximal tibiae exposed to local release fluoride. Femoral sections showed no difference, possibly due to the lack of extensive trabecular bone in the region chosen for study.
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PMID:Effect of controlled local release of sodium fluoride on trabecular bone. 161 33

Epidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of rare disorders characterized by marked skin fragility and blister formation. In patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, skeletal and soft-tissue abnormalities are an important feature. An analysis of the musculoskeletal manifestations in 19 patients is presented. In the hands and feet, features included generalized osteoporosis, wedge-shaped thinning and hooking of distal phalanges, overconstricted bones, acro-osteolysis, flexion contractures, metatarsal and metacarpal subluxation, distal trophic changes, webbing of digits, encasement of the whole extremity in a pouch of skin, soft-tissue calcification and retarded skeletal maturity. Previously undescribed findings in the hands and feet are bony ankylosis of the proximal interphalangeal joints, resorption of the metatarsal and metacarpal heads, shortened metatarsal bones, carpal and tarsal fusion and destruction, and cystic changes of the distal radius and ulna. In the remainder of the skeleton, hip dysplasia with premature osteoarthritis, knee joint bony ankylosis and thoracic and thoraco-lumbar scoliosis are other undescribed findings.
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PMID:The musculoskeletal manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa: an analysis of 19 cases with a review of the literature. 162 78

The radiographic and histological features of radiolucent areas at the cement-bone interface were correlated in 15 specimens retrieved at post-mortem from patients who had undergone cemented total hip arthroplasty, two weeks to 15 years prior to death. All but one of the components were securely fixed, as demonstrated by direct measurements of micromotion. Extensive radiolucencies were present in all but one case. In 11 of the 14 specimens with radiolucencies, histological examination showed that the radiolucent areas represented regions of osteoporosis and bone remodelling. The remodelling changes were characterised by osteoporosis, cancellisation and thinning of the endosteal cortex, and osteopenia of the trabecular bone. In two specimens the appearance of radiolucency was found to be due to fibrous tissue at the cement-bone interface and in one specimen there was a mixed picture of osteolysis and fibrosis. The study demonstrates that radiolucent lines can occur with well-fixed components and that they may commonly represent osteoporosis rather than the presence of a fibrous membrane at the cement-bone interface.
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PMID:The histology of the radiolucent line. 173 69

The precise site of bone loss was evaluated in early postmenopausal women using high resolution computed tomographic (CT) images of forearm measurements. A procedure was devised to quantitate trabecular and subcortical bone density of the distal radius, cortical bone density of the diaphyseal radius, and cortical wall thickness at both measuring sites. Twenty women (mean age 52 years, time since menopause 1 to 4 years) were examined twice at one-year intervals to determine the yearly change of the above mentioned bone parameters. Trabecular bone and subcortical bone showed the same density reduction of 7 mg/cm3 per year. Cortical bone density remains unchanged and no increase in porosity can be seen. For early postmenopausal women the reduction of bone mass (BMC) in the diaphysis of the radius is, therefore, due to a thinning of the cortical wall. This is in accordance with the observed average loss of wall thickness of 0.04 mm per year. The non-invasive determination of the precise localization of bone changes in individual patients should be of value in the assessment of the severity of osteoporosis. Furthermore it has potential in the evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic procedures in the various disease states.
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PMID:Localization of regional forearm bone loss from high resolution computed tomographic images. 179 Mar 96

Two case reports from a high fluoride (10 ppm) rural community. They presented with severe degrees of dental fluorosis, hyper-sensitivity of teeth and skeletal fluorosis all arising from the ingestion of high amount of fluoride in water over a long period of time. Both cases had deformities of the upper and lower limbs. However, the deformities were more pronounced in the lower limbs than in the upper limbs, resulting in knock knee. Radiological finding showed osteosclerosis of the axial bones while the appendicular bones exhibited osteoporosis. There was marked change of bone structure observed as osteomalacia, and course trabecular bone pattern. Osteoporosis was also associated with cortical thinning. Periosteal bone apposition was observed in the bones: and genu valgum of the limbs. Biochemical tests revealed normal values for serum calcium and inorganic phosphate. However, the serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated. This may be an indication of a pathological condition where there are possible compensatory mechanisms to maintain normal levels of serum calcium and inorganic phosphate. One case which had undergone corrective surgical intervention of the lower limbs four years earlier, had continued to live in the same environment using drinking water with 10 ppmF after corrective surgery, and showed no improvement.
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PMID:Skeletal and dental fluorosis: two case reports. 191 81

The major relevant age-related changes that take place in women are caused by estrogen deficiency of rapid onset. This deficiency results in such changes as vaginal and vulval atrophy, atrophic urethrocystitis, breast flabbiness, thinning of the skin and its appendages, and also the severe metabolic changes like osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders. All of these changes, in concert or alone, are capable of impairing a woman's sex life. Numerous genital complaints can be eliminated by local treatment with estriol cream, estriol vaginal suppositories, or systemic estriol. For the successful treatment of pronounced menopausal symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders, estrogens at medium, so-called replacement, doses, given in combination with progestagen, are applied sequentially.
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PMID:[Hormonal changes in aging from the viewpoint of the gynecologist]. 191 54

Subjects with chronic alcoholism are associated with a higher prevalence of bone fractures, compared with age-matched controls. However, the pathogenesis of alcoholic osteopathy remains poorly understood. In this study, the bone cells activities and the bone matrix were studied using different techniques such as bone morphometry, scanning electron microscopy and computer reconstruction. Male patients (N = 20), aged 59.1 +/- 10.1 years, presenting a chronic decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis, were admitted into this study. A histomorphometric analysis of a transiliac bone biopsy was done after a double tetracycline labeling of the bone. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was performed on eight out of the 20 patients on an additional biopsy. The bone mass was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients. A marked defect in the osteoblastic function was observed with reduced osteoid parameters, lower mean wall thickness, and slower bone formation rate leading to a thinning of bone trabeculae. Conversely, trabecular resorption surfaces were markedly increased. SEM examination of bone biopsies was also consistent with delayed and impaired osteoblastic activity leading to extended and scalloped resorption surfaces covered by unusually thin layers of calcified collagen fibers. The reduced osteoblastic activity associated with normal osteoclastic function appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic osteoporosis leading to decreased bone mass with thinner trabeculae.
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PMID:Alcoholic cirrhosis and osteoporosis in men: a light and scanning electron microscopy study. 204 77

The assumption that a change in interstitial bone thickness reflects a converse change in resorption depth was recently found to be incorrect. Accordingly, we re-examined previously published data concerning trabecular thickness and wall thickness in 15 patients with nonosteomalacic osteopenia following intestinal bypass surgery for obesity. The average number of remodeling cycles completed since the operation was calculated according to two assumptions: First, that the measured activation frequency had been present since the operation; second, that activation frequency had increased in the first two years after operation because of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In comparison with mean wall thickness in 40 normal subjects (38.6 microns), resorption depth calculated in accordance with the first assumption was significantly increased (54.1 microns; p less than 0.001), but calculated in accordance with the second assumption was unchanged (42.1 microns; NS). Reasons are given for believing that the second assumption is more likely to be correct than the first. Mean trabecular thickness and mean wall thickness were significantly correlated (r = 0.68; p less than 0.005). We conclude: 1) Mean resorption depth cannot be inferred from interstitial bone thickness, but can be calculated if the number of remodeling cycles corresponding to the observed structural changes is known. 2) Even though interstitial bone thickness is reduced, trabecular thinning following intestinal bypass surgery is mainly due to decreased wall thickness, as the result of defects in the recruitment and/or function of osteoblasts. The same probably applies to cancellous osteopenia in various other gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. 3) The study of intestinal bone disease may shed light on the pathogenesis of other, more common, forms of osteoporosis.
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PMID:The ambiguity of interstitial bone thickness: a new approach to the mechanism of trabecular thinning. 206 39

To study the pathophysiology of bone disorder after gastrectomy, 320 patients and 40 Wistar male rats were used. Clinically, patients who had received gastrectomy 1-15 years previously, were examined for skeletal symptoms, serum biochemistry, microdensitometry of second metacarpal bone, and 20 of them were then studied in a calcium infusion test. Using microdensitometry, abnormality of bone metabolism was observed in 38% of the patients. In severe cases, a significant decrease of serum Ca. and increase of alkaline phosphatase were observed (p less than 0.05), 65% complained of joint pain. In the calcium infusion test, severe cases showed a low urinary excretion of Ca, like osteomalacia, and unlike osteoporosis. Experimentally, body weight & amount of food intake decreased and fatty diarrhea was observed in rats after total gastrectomy. Skeletal changes including thinning of the cortex, loss of medullary trabeculation & decrease of bone ash and biochemical changes such as low serum Ca. 25(OH)D3, 24, 25(OH)2D3 and high iPTH levels were observed. Also the bone formation rate was lower than control as detected by tetracycline double labelling method. As low food intake & fatty diarrhea after gastrectomy which result in Ca. & vit. D insufficiency may be the major etiology of bone disorder.
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PMID:[Bone disorder after gastrectomy--clinical & experimental studies]. 226 41


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