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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study involving 18 patients shows that thinning of the upper cortex of the clavicle in adults under the age of 45 is most commonly due to renal osteodystrophy or coeliac disease. Cortical thinning should not therefore be regarded as synonymous with osteoporosis. Cortical thinning is usually associated with clavicular erosion in renal osteodystrophy but not in osteoporosis or osteomalacia. The radiological diagnosis of coeliac disease is suggested when thinning of the clavicular cortex is combined with air--fluid levels on abdominal radiography in a patient under the age of 45 years.
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PMID:Thinning of the clavicular cortex in adults under the age of 45 in osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism. 45 4

D-Penicillamine alters the normal metabolism of collagen by inhibiting cross-linking and protein synthesis. This could affect wound healing, accelerate skin thinning and possibly exaggerate the osteoporosis of rheumatoid disease. The mean time to wound healing after 42 orthopaedic surgical operations in 21 patients treated with penicillamine was 19.8 (+/- 13.1) days. Compared with an earlier study, these results suggest that the drug has a comparable effect on would healing to corticosteroids given for three years. Skinfold thickness over the fourth metacarpal of the dominant hand was measured in 28 cases before and during penicillamine treatment. There was a significant decrease both in the first and second four-month periods of treatment (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.01). Corticosteroids in constant dose did not have an additive effect. In view of the wound healing findings the significance of these results must await further sequential measurements. The normal progression of osteoporosis over three years was documented in 70 patients who had not received penicillamine. Penicillamine reversed this trend in 35 patients after one year of treatment (P less than 0.005). The results confirm that the osteoporosis is related to disease severity rather than drug therapy.
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PMID:Penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: wound healing, skin thickness and osteoporosis. 60 32

A clinician's view of the menopause describes the condition and its treatment in some patients. The symptoms of the menopause include hot flushes, dryness of the vagina, osteoporosis, and a thinning of the epidermis. There are many nonspecific symptoms frequently blamed on the menopause but are unrelated to hormonal imbalance. However, estrogen therapy can create a general feeling of well-being which can relieve other discomforts. Many women dread the end to their menstrual function. Some do find that they are released from the worry over pregnancy and can be more relaxed. Menopause usually occurs over an extended period of time. The last menstruation after an interval of 12 months is considered to be the menopause. The general practitioner should be availabel to discuss menopause although menopausal clinics are being established as well. Hormone therapy can help the woman with extreme symptoms.
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PMID:A clinician's view. 95 91

The effect of rigidity of internal fixation plates on long bone remodeling was studied using two types of plates with considerable differences in stiffness. The plated bones were subjected to bioengineering quantitative histological, and cortical thickness studies after 9 and 12 months. The biomechanical results, together with the quantitative histological measurements of the macroscopic architecture, showed that tissue characteristics of the plated bones were similar. However, because of the larger cortical area, the less regidly plated femora can sustain significantly higher loads and energy before failure. Cortical thickness measurements also showed that rigid plate immobilization results in thinning of the cortex of the underlying bone. The experimental results suggest that cortical bone remodels according to functional stress demands, and the osteoporosis secondary to rigid plate protection is consequent to thinking of its cortex.
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PMID:The effects of rigidity of internal fixation plates on long bone remodeling. A biomechanical and quantitative histological study. 95 10

The skeletal changes in the rabbits exposed to a 90-day hypokineisa have been examined. Osteoporosis has been diagnosed using an X-ray investigation which included rentgen-densitometry and rentgen-grammetry. The process involved the thinning of the cortical layer and a decrease of the bone density. The importance of the above methods for an objective evaluatuon of osteoporosis is discussed.
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PMID:[Effect of hypokinesia on the development of osteoporosis]. 111 87

Skull radiographs were performed in 21 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome and in 30 cases of eunuchoidism. The radiographic changes of the skull in Klinefelter's syndrome are: temporal flattening, decreased width of the vault, narrowing of the mandible, decreased length of the skull, shortening of the anterior fossa cranii, decrease in the angle of the base, thinning of the vault bones at the major fontanelle, premature and excessive calcification of the coronal suture, deepening of the posterior fossa and shortening of the mandibular rami. In hypogonadotropic eunuchoidism the skull radiographs show: small mastoid processes, fine bones of the vault, small sella turcica, club-shaped clinoid processes, excessive development of sphenoidal sinuses and in the fourth and later decades of life a diminished bone density (osteoporosis).
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PMID:Radiological features of the skull in Klinefelter's syndrome and male hypogonadism. 120 34

Two internal-fixation plates with large differences in bending stiffness were applied to pairs of intact femora of six adult mongrel dogs to study the osteoporosis induced by rigid fixation. After nine and twelve months of plate application a significant, increased amount of bone atrophy was seen on the rigidly plated side. Biomechanical measurements of specimens from various segments of both femoral diaphyses showed the bones to have similar mechanical properties (as tissue), but different structural properties (as organ). These findings suggest that the osteoporosis due to rigid plate fixation occurs by thinning of the cortex rather than by reduction of the mechanical properties of the osseous tissue.
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PMID:A comparison of cortical bone atrophy secondary to fixation with plates with large differences in bending stiffness. 125 23

Among some patients, regardless of age, the jaw loses bone mass, leading to loosening and falling out of otherwise healthy teeth. This study seeks to establish whether this bone loss is associated with the metabolic manifestations of other forms of localized decalcifications, such as in Paget's disease, or with generalized osteoporosis. Sixteen women being fitted with dental implants to compensate for bone losses provided 24-hour urine samples for the quantitative determination of calcium and galactosyl hydroxylysine, a bone collagen metabolite. These patients provided demographic information, relevant medical, dental, and dietary history, a profile of their current medications, and the status of their smoking and exercise habits. Urinary excretion of galactosyl hydroxylysine, which is increased in the presence of progressive increased bone resorption, remained within normal values in the patients of this study. These results suggest that the thinning of the jaw bones and subsequent tooth loss of these subjects were osteoporotic processes too limited and too localized to produce measurable increases in urinary bone metabolites.
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PMID:A study of osteoporosis as it relates to metabolic manifestations in edentulous women. 129 22

RU-486 or mifepristone is best known as an antiprogestin and an abortifacient, but it has broad medical applicability. The drug is also a potent blocker of corticosteroid receptors, and it has shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer, inoperable meningioma, and cushing's disease. Cushing's is a model for the symptomatology of aging which may involve enhanced response to corticosteroid. RU-486 has reversed the osteoporosis, thinning of skin, muscle atrophy, obesity, adult onset diabetes, depression, hypertension, and immunosuppression associated with this disease. RU-486 may be of value in aiding cervical dilation, lactation, and the treatment of endometriosis. In addition, breast, bowel, kidney tumors, hepatomas, endometrial cancer, and fibrosarcomas can show corticosteroid dependency, suggesting that RU-486 may have clinical value against inoperable tumors. In a preliminary 1987 phase I study, in estrogen-positive, chemotherapy-refractory breast cancer patients in Montpelier, France, Ru-486 produced objective tumor regression (6 of 22) that was prolonged (3 months) in 4 patients. Clinical relief of bone pain was observed in 7 of 23 patients with a decline in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor makers in 8 patients. Growing in vitro data also show that RU-486 can directly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. RU-486 has application for HIV infection, based on data that there is a serum factor in AIDS patients that enhances corticosteroid lympholysis. IN addition, the immune restorative action of RU-486 suggests that it could counteract the immunosuppression seen in aging, in cancer, or in viral or stress-related disease, which has recently focused clinical attention on its potential in the treatment of senile dementia and depression. Scientific conferences and workshops are needed to alert scientists, physicians, and the public to the potential medical benefits of this drug.
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PMID:RU 486: how abortion politics have impacted on a potentially useful drug of broad medical application. 150 96

In young women chronic use of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists such as buserelin to treat endometriosis leads to estrogen-deficiency bone loss. Tamoxifen citrate is an estrogen agonist/antagonist which protects the skeleton from osteopenia when ovarian hormones are depleted. The present study was undertaken to determine whether tamoxifen citrate (20 mg/kg body wt/week s.c.) could prevent the osteopenic effect of buserelin (25 micrograms/kg body wt/day s.c.). Four groups of rats with 45Ca-labelled bones were studied for 4 weeks: group A--placebo controls; group B--buserelin; Group C--tamoxifen; group D--buserelin+tamoxifen. Bone resorption was monitored by measuring the urinary excretion of 45Ca and hydroxyproline. Interestingly buserelin lowered both blood 17 beta-estradiol values and uterine weights in the presence and absence of tamoxifen. However, tamoxifen slowed bone breakdown and inhibited the bone-thinning effects of buserelin. Total body calcium values (mg; means +/- S.D.) were: 2227 +/- 137; 1926 +/- 124; 2233 +/- 94 and 2268 +/- 163, in groups A to D respectively. Osteopenia was thus present only in group B (P less than 0.001). Because tamoxifen inhibits estrogen-deficiency bone loss in buserelin-treated rats without depressing the hypoestrogenic actions of this LHRH-agonist, we suggest that use of tamoxifen to protect the skeleton during LHRH-agonist therapy in young women should be explored. Tamoxifen citrate might also help to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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PMID:Tamoxifen in the rat prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss elicited with the LHRH agonist buserelin. 152 95


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