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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The thickness of left patellar articular cartilages after formalin fixation was studied in a series of autopsies on 82 subjects aged 25-96 years. For each specimen the minimal uncalcified cartilage thickness in a transverse patellar slab was determined separately for a 'lateral' segment and a 'central and medial' segment. In the women the cartilage from subjects more than 50 years old showed progressive thinning with increasing age. This was due to lesions causing disintegration of the tissue and not to matrix shrinkage. It had a strong potential to progress to full-thickness cartilage loss in the older women, and to give an appearance indistinguishable from osteoarthrosis as seen in surgical excision specimens. This progression towards patellofemoral osteoarthrosis in the elderly affects the female population generally, and not just a special subgroup; however, the incidence of clinical symptoms from this cause is not known. In men progressive thinning with age of patellar cartilage in subjects more than 50 years old was less severe, especially so in the case of the 'lateral' segment; a site of full-thickness uncalcified cartilage loss on the left patella at autopsy was seen only occasionally in the older men.
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PMID:Effect of age on thickness of adult patellar articular cartilage. 59 49

The purpose of this study was to examine the acromioclavicular joint by radiography under forced arm adduction to demonstrate diminished joint space as a sign of cartilage degeneration and osteoarthrosis. A total of 192 right and left joints were investigated in 96 healthy working men. There were three main results from the manoeuvre: in 135 of the 192 joints the space was reduced, in 33 joints it was unchanged, and in 24 joints the joint space was increased. In 43 joints (22% of the total) a marked reduction of the joint space to 1 mm or less occurred during the manoeuvre; in the remaining 92 joints with space reduction the reduction was less pronounced. A narrow acromioclavicular joint space during forced adduction of the arm indicates cartilage thinning and may be interpreted as a sign of osteoarthrosis.
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PMID:Diminished space in the acromioclavicular joint in forced arm adduction as a radiographic sign of degeneration and osteoarthrosis. 146 47

Epidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of rare disorders characterized by marked skin fragility and blister formation. In patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, skeletal and soft-tissue abnormalities are an important feature. An analysis of the musculoskeletal manifestations in 19 patients is presented. In the hands and feet, features included generalized osteoporosis, wedge-shaped thinning and hooking of distal phalanges, overconstricted bones, acro-osteolysis, flexion contractures, metatarsal and metacarpal subluxation, distal trophic changes, webbing of digits, encasement of the whole extremity in a pouch of skin, soft-tissue calcification and retarded skeletal maturity. Previously undescribed findings in the hands and feet are bony ankylosis of the proximal interphalangeal joints, resorption of the metatarsal and metacarpal heads, shortened metatarsal bones, carpal and tarsal fusion and destruction, and cystic changes of the distal radius and ulna. In the remainder of the skeleton, hip dysplasia with premature osteoarthritis, knee joint bony ankylosis and thoracic and thoraco-lumbar scoliosis are other undescribed findings.
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PMID:The musculoskeletal manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa: an analysis of 19 cases with a review of the literature. 162 78

Cartilage degeneration in osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee generally is believed to precede osseous abnormalities. Because cartilage abnormalities are not readily detected by routine radiography, we investigated the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing cartilage damage in a goat model for OA. Four goats had the anterior cruciate ligament of one knee severed surgically to create instability and accelerate OA. Two goats each were killed at 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, after walking on the unstable knees. MRI of the knees was performed with Hybrid fat suppression sequences. The images were correlated with gross anatomic sections and histologic analysis of the knees. On gross examination, the unstable knees showed rapid development of thinning, surface irregularity, and focal defects of the cartilage. These findings correlated well with abnormalities detected on the MRIs. In addition, areas of decreased signal intensity in cartilage correlated with histologic evidence of degenerative changes in the cartilage substance, including fragmentation, fibrillary and eosinophilic changes, and chondrocyte proliferation, indicating attempted cartilage repair. Precise correlation of pathologic and MRI data, however, was lacking, related in part to inability to match perfectly the level and orientation of the gross section with that on the MRI examination.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in assessing cartilage changes in experimental osteoarthrosis of the knee. 173 87

An analytical model of two elastic spheres with two elastic layers in normal, frictionless contact is developed which simulates contact of articulating joints, and allows for the calculation of stresses and displacements in the layered region of contact. Using various layer/layer/substrate combinations, the effects of variations in layer and substrate properties are determined in relation to the occurrence of tensile and shear stresses as the source of crack initiation in joint cartilage and bone. Vertical cracking at the cartilage surface and horizontal splitting at the tidemark have been observed in joints with primary osteoarthritis. Deep vertical cracks in the calcified cartilage and underlying bone have been observed in blunt trauma experiments. The current model shows that cartilage stresses for a particular system are a function of the ratio of contact radius to total layer thickness (a/h). Surface tension, which is observed for a/h small, is alleviated as a/h is increased due to increased load, softening and/or thinning of the cartilage layer. Decreases in a/h due to cartilage stiffening lead to increased global compressive stresses and increased incidence of surface tension, consistent with impact-induced surface cracks. Cartilage stresses are not significantly affected by variations in stiffness of the underlying material. Tensile radial strains in the cartilage layer approach one-third of the normal compressive strains, and increase significantly with cartilage softening. For cases where the middle layer stiffness exceeds that of the underlying substrate, tensile stresses occur at the base of the middle layer, consistent with impact induced cracks in the zone of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone. The presence of the superficial tangential zone appears to have little effect on underlying cartilage stresses.
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PMID:Normal contact of elastic spheres with two elastic layers as a model of joint articulation. 176 38

Simultaneous clinical, scintigraphic, and macroradiographic assessments were carried out on 32 patients with hand osteoarthritis and the results at entry and one year reported. The presence and growth of osteophyte correlated with symptoms and a positive scan. The scan did not detect the radiographic features of juxta-articular radiolucencies, subchondral sclerosis, or cartilage thinning. Osteophytes, particularly when fast growing, produce pain, a 'hot' scan, and may predict disintegration of joint architecture.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical, radionuclide, and radiographic features of osteoarthritis of the hands. 192 84

Twelve knees with a range of severity of knee osteoarthritis were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and technetium-99m labelled hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scintigraphy. Five magnetic resonance pulse sequences were evaluated. Proton density (TR = 1000, TE = 26 ms) and STIR (TR = 1500, TI = 100, TE = 30 ms) were chosen for further use. Abnormalities shown by MRI included joint effusions, meniscal disruption, hyaline cartilage thinning, subchondral signal changes, pseudocysts, and heterogeneity of signal from osteophytes. Certain MRI and scintigraphic appearances correlated: (a) 'hyperintense osteophytosis' and ipsilateral 'tramline' scintigraphic uptake, suggesting increased fat content in 'active' osteophytes; (b) subchondral signal change and 'extended' pattern, possibly reflecting inflammation, synovial leak, or fibrovascular repair; (c) patellofemoral joint signal changes and patellar isotope uptake.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in osteoarthritis of the knee: correlation with radiographic and scintigraphic findings. 199 61

We studied 32 patients with osteoarthritis who had 5x macroradiographs taken of their wrists and hands at 6-month intervals over an 18-month period. The higher magnification and resolution of microfocal radiography permitted the quantitative detection of progressive changes in 4 different features: subchondral sclerosis, the number and size of osteophytes, juxtaarticular radiolucencies, and joint space narrowing. Compared with normal control subjects, subchondral cortical thickness was greater in all patients at entry and showed a variable degree of change over the study period. Osteophytes and juxtaarticular radiolucencies were present in all patients at study entry; by the end of the study, osteophytes had increased in number and area, and juxtaarticular radiolucencies had increased in area, but not in number. At entry, 44% of the patients had joint space narrowing significantly greater than that in the control subjects; by 18 months, this proportion increased to 65%. No correlation was found between subchondral sclerosis, osteophytes, juxtaarticular radiolucencies, and joint space narrowing. We conclude that in osteoarthritis of the hand, the bony changes have progressed significantly before the occurrence of radiographically evident joint space narrowing indicative of cartilage thinning.
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PMID:Quantitative microfocal radiographic assessment of progression in osteoarthritis of the hand. 230 68

The hips of 8 young volunteers were investigated with high resolution MRI. The purpose of this study was to establish an imaging protocol to visualize hyaline cartilage, synovial fluid, and subchondral bone with optimized contrast. Spin Echo (SE) and Gradient Echo (GE) sequences were compared. FISP with a flip angle of 70 degrees was superior to the other techniques. The same sequences were applied on 45 volunteers aged 65-93 years. Early signs of degenerative arthritis of the hip were demonstrated as thinning, variable signal intensities within the cartilage layer, and cartilage loss. MRI of the hip may be a useful tool for the detection of early degenerative cartilage damage which cannot be documented with conventional x-rays.
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PMID:[Early signs of arthrosis of the hip joint in MRT]. 281 56

Internal fixation of the spine combined with limited or no fusion has been advocated in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, spondylolisthesis, and severe juvenile spinal deformities. Internal fixation without arthrodesis of canine facet joints has been shown to result in the irreversible gross and histologic findings typical of osteoarthritis. Surgery was performed in eight patients for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. In each patient, Harrington distraction instrumentation was placed across at least two vertebral segments above and below the fused area. Instrumentation was removed six to 26 months following the initial surgery. A unilateral partial facetectomy was performed at the facet joint above the lower Harrington hook. Gross examination of the facet joints revealed areas of fibrillation, fissures, and thinning of the normal cartilaginous surface characteristic of osteoarthritis. Histologic examination revealed consistent areas of erosion of the vascular tidemark, osteophyte formation, subchondral remodeling, fibrillation, and loss of the normal cartilage cellularity. These findings were consistent with the histologic appearance of osteoarthritis. Internal fixation of the spine without arthrodesis is not an innocuous procedure and may be a predisposing factor in the development of symptomatic spinal arthritis.
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PMID:The effect of internal fixation without arthrodesis on human facet joint cartilage. 647 98


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