Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 200 postmortem ureters from 100 adult men to test the hypotheses that ureteral pseudodiverticula (UPD) are more prevalent than clinically recognized, that UPD are secondary to chronic inflammations, and that they are associated with uroepithelial neoplasm. The ureters were inflated with 10% formaldehyde and fixed for 24 hours. One hundred sixteen ureters were drained and refilled with 25% diatrizoate sodium meglumine and radiographed before gross and microscopic pathologic examination. No radiographs of the remaining 84 ureters were obtained. UPD were identified pathologically in 11%. None of these patients had a history of upper urinary tract disease. UPD were smaller than those reported clinically and invariably were associated with focal microscopic ureteritis cystica and glandularis in ureters otherwise free of histologic abnormality. UPD displayed mild benign mucosal hyperplasia with invagination in the subepithelial connective tissue as well as impression and sometimes thinning of the muscularis propria but without penetration. No mucosal atypia or malignancy was seen. We postulate that UPD represent a proliferative response to focal inflammation resulting in intramural invasion producing elevation and thinning of the ureteral wall. Continued focal inflammation may be sustained by local urine stasis. Enlargement to clinically detectable size may be enhanced by more generalized disease such as clinical infection, stone, or obstruction.
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PMID:The pathology of ureteral pseudodiverticulosis. 313 3

Eight cases of well-differentiated, intramedullary osteosarcoma were studied. In three cases, the lesions previously had been diagnosed, pathologically and radiologically, as benign. The distal femur was the most frequent site. Radiographically, the tumor margins were poorly defined in five cases and were well defined in three. In seven cases, the bone response pattern was both lytic and blastic; in one case, it was purely lytic. Tumor matrix patterns were mostly homogeneous and cloudlike. Four of the lesions were expansile. All cases had cortical thinning and discontinuity. Extraosseous involvement of the soft tissues was present in six cases, and active periosteal response was present in two. High-grade malignancies subsequently developed in two patients--one was a local recurrence and the other was a distant metastasis. A broad spectrum of radiologic features was observed in well-differentiated intramedullary osteosarcomas, but all cases had at least two of three radiographic findings (cortical discontinuity, poorly marginated soft-tissue extension, or cloudlike tumor matrix pattern) that strongly suggested malignancy.
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PMID:Radiologic features of well-differentiated osteosarcoma. 326 74

We wished to identify the efficacy of enucleation (excavation) in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Surgical specimens from 26 patients with polar or peripheral lesions, 50 per cent of which were found incidentally by computerized tomography scan, were considered amenable to this form of treatment and were studied by ex situ enucleation after standard radical nephrectomy. Eleven patients were determined to have unsuccessful enucleation after histopathological study demonstrated capsular invasion, vascular invasion, residual tumor in the bed or multicentric tumors. Preoperative computerized tomography assessment did not accurately predict success of enucleation. The presence of a fibrous pseudocapsule of compressed renal parenchyma, which might facilitate a dissection plane and successful enucleation, did not correlate with tumor size. Microscopic examination of pseudocapsular integrity frequently revealed areas of thinning, disruption and penetration by neoplasm. When parenchymal preservation is necessary in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, as wide a margin of adjacent renal parenchyma as possible should be excised with the tumor. In this study enucleation alone was associated with a significant risk of incomplete excision and, therefore, potential for treatment failure. We do not recommend enucleation in the presence of a normal contralateral kidney.
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PMID:Ex situ study of the effectiveness of enucleation in patients with renal cell carcinoma. 337 98

In six cases of giant cell tumor the magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with various pulse sequences and field strengths were compared to the corresponding computed tomography (CT) scans and plain roentgenograms. MRI was superior to CT and plain films in demonstrating areas of tissue inhomogeneity within the tumor as well as soft tissue extension. CT was superior in demonstrating cortical thinning. Multiplanar imaging capability and visualization of articular cartilage may demonstrate intra-articular tumor spread. The characteristic MRI findings with short TR/TE (T1-weighting) and long TR/TE (T2-weighting) are described. We also describe one case where serial MR scans were used to assess response to therapy.
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PMID:The role of magnetic resonance imaging in giant cell tumor of bone. 342 32

Four cases of jaw bones myxoma are described, laying special stress on the radiological appearance. Conventional radiogram showed a typical multilocular osteolytic lesion thinning and expanding the cortical bone. This allowed the authors to correctly diagnose the affection. On the contrary CT, showing a unilocular lesion, offered a far less typical representation of the tumor in the two patients who underwent this examination.
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PMID:[Radiologic aspects of myxoma of the jaws]. 358 14

A 3-year-old horse presented with intermittent generalized seizures of 2-month duration. During interictal periods, the horse appeared normal and a cause for the seizures could not be identified. Necropsy revealed opacity of the leptomeninges, covering most of one cerebral hemisphere along with thinning and collapse of the cortex in the ipsilateral pyriform lobe. Histopathology demonstrated leptomeningeal vascular proliferation and meningothelial hyperplasia. Prominent tortuous vessels of the gyri and sulci extended into some regions of the subjacent cortex, where there was neuronal loss, ectopia, and disorganization. Clusters of prominent arterioles were found in the sclerotic choroid plexus of the lateral and fourth ventricles. Milder vascular lesions were present in the leptomeninges of the ventral brain stem, right cerebrum, spinal cord, and in the eye. The left trigeminal nerve was distorted by swollen fasicles containing onion bulb-like structures. Most bulbs contained central axons surrounded by myelin sheaths of variable thickness. Electron microscopy demonstrated concentrically arranged cells with continuous basal laminae and rare pinocytotic vesicles. S-100 immunohistochemistry showed strong positive staining in these cells. This is an unusual combination of lesions to which analogies can be drawn with the human neuroectodermal dysplasias, specifically Sturge-Weber disease. The relationship of the neuropathy to the leptomeningeal hemangiomatosis is unclear, but a compound anomaly in embryological development resulting in dysplasia and neoplasia may be involved.
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PMID:Meningocerebral hemangiomatosis resembling Sturge-Weber disease in a horse. 368 94

In order to elucidate mechanisms of contrast enhancement on computed tomography observed in non-glial tumors, tumors vessels were studied with conventional ultrathin section and freeze-fracture replica techniques. The materials were obtained from surgically removed specimens in 19 cases of tumors (6 of meningioma, 6 of hemangioblastoma, 5 of pituitary adenoma, and 2 of acoustic neurinoma). The following results were obtained. The common findings of these non-glial tumor vessels in ultrathin preparations were surface infoldings, increased pinocytotic vesticles and many fenestrations of endothelial cells, irregularity of basal laminae, and enlarged perivascular spaces. In freeze-fracture replicas of vascular endothelium, pinocytotic vesicles and fenestrations were 22 and 26 per micron2 on the average respectively. Tight junctions between endothelial cells were composed of one or two strands which appeared to be a discontinuous array of particles. As for the each non-glial tumor, menigiomas showed endothelial thickness and finger-like projections, variable lengths of tight junctions and marked enlargement of perivascular space which contained many collagen fibrils. Thinning of endothelium and many fenestrations were observed in hemangioblastomas, pituitary adenomas, and acoustic neurinomas. Fenestrations were most frequently observed in pituitary adenomas. The results indicate that extravasation of contrast material through fenestrations has an important role in marked contrast enhancement of non-glial tumors, in addition to the osmotic opening of tight junctions by contrast material. The irregular basal lamina and large perivascular space may also contribute to an increased extravasation of contrast material.
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PMID:[Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumors. 3: Mechanisms of contrast enhancement in non-glial tumors]. 370 29

The cerebral edema, as judged by computed tomographic scan, associated with supratentorial meningiomas was assessed in 43 cases. No relationship to the occurrence or the degree of edema could be established with respect to meningioma location and histological type. The larger the meningioma, the more likely the presence of and the severity of cerebral edema. The materials were obtained from surgically removed specimens in 6 cases of meningiomas with and without associated cerebral edema, and tumor vessels were studied with conventional ultrathin section and freeze-fracture replica techniques. The characteristic findings of these tumor vessels were thinning of endothelium and many fenestrations, short and in fact open tight junctions. Tight junctions between endothelial cells were composed of one or two strands which appeared to be a discontinuous array of particles. The ultrastructural appearance of tumor vessels is similar to that seen in meningiomas with and without associated cerebral edema.
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PMID:[Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumors--4: Cerebral edema associated with meningiomas]. 372 71

A seven-year-old boy who was admitted for surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy was found to have a ganglioglioma in his left parietal lobe. Since four years old, he had been suffering from the seizure and treated with various anticonvulsants without satisfactory effects. As its frequency increased, the dose had to be increased. Thus, it was sought for the possible surgical approach. On the CT scans, an egg size low density zone without contrast enhancement was observed in the subcortical region of his parietal lobe. There was marked thinning on inner table of the skull immediately above the zone. He was operated under fronto-temporo-parietal craniotomy. When the dura matter was opened, pale cerebral cortex protruded. Complete removal of the tumor was not possible, since there was not clear boundary between the mass and normal tissue. Based on histological study, it was diagnosed as ganglioglioma, because its main body contained increased number of glia which had deeply stained ununiform size nuclei. After the operation, he showed neither motor paralysis nor sensory disturbance and was able to sustain his activity with less amount of anticonvulsant.
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PMID:[Ganglioglioma in a child--report of a case]. 376 54

Nongated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported previously to be inadequate for obtaining diagnostic information. This study explored the role of pulse sequence in the degradation of the nongated cardiac image. Images of diagnostic quality were obtained by using single spin-echo sequences with a very short echo time (10-20 msec TE) on a 0.12-T developmental MR unit. Marked degradation of the image was noted with longer TEs, and it is concluded that the previous unfavorable reports using a nongated technique may have been due to the longer TEs used in other units. Short-TE technique was used to examine 34 patients with a variety of cardiac diseases. Eleven patients had ventricular aneurysms. These cases showed thinning of the myocardium, and four of them showed increased signal within the aneurysm, perhaps related to regionally slower blood flow. Twenty patients had enlargement of one or more cardiac chambers. Three of these patients had thrombus within an enlarged chamber, which was readily identified on MRI. Twelve patients had left ventricular hypertrophy that was concentric in 11. One patient demonstrated asymmetric septal hypertrophy. All four pericardial effusions were low in signal intensity, but this was related to the pulse sequence used. Six patients had extrinsic masses displacing the heart and distorting the chamber contour. One patient showed intracardiac invasion of tumor; this finding was not evident on the CT. One patient with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and corrected transposition was scanned. In addition to identifying the VSD and chamber hypertrophy, the malposition of the great vessels at the base of the heart was seen. Four postoperative patients were scanned; wire suture artifact did not preclude imaging. In conclusion, diagnostic information can be obtained from nongated cardiac images provided that the TE is very short (10-20 msec). Although quantitative functional data are not available from nongated images, qualitative and diagnostic information is possible and may suffice in certain circumstances.
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PMID:Nongated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experience at 0.12 T. 623 9


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