Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause of glaucoma in 131 enucleated eyes from 128 cats was determined in a retrospective histologic study. Obliteration of the ciliary cleft by diffuse iridal melanoma (38 eyes), or other neoplasms (14 eyes), or by the presence of idiopathic lymphocytic-plasmacytic anterior uveitis (53 eyes) were the most frequent lesions likely to explain the development of glaucoma. Secondary changes of inner retinal atrophy, optic disc cupping, scleral thinning with megaglobus, and atrophy of ciliary processes were similar to those described in dogs and human beings with chronic glaucoma. In light of the duration and severity of the glaucoma, the degree of inner retinal atrophy was often less than expected. Diffuse corneal edema and breaks in Descemet's membrane, changes typical of glaucoma in other species, were rarely detected. Eyes with chronic uveitis and glaucoma had collapsed ciliary clefts, iridoscleral adhesions, and posterior displacement of the iris. We were unable to determine whether these changes were consequences of the uveitis and thus responsible for the development of glaucoma, or if they were merely the result of the chronic glaucoma itself.
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PMID:The causes of glaucoma in cats. 230 79

The presence of both laminin and type IV collagen was sought at the dermo-epidermal junction and in the dermis adjacent to benign melanocytic naevi of the junctional, compound, and intradermal types; dysplastic naevi; and both primary and secondary melanoma. In all, 154 lesions were studied, using antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The staining patterns seen with the two antibodies were virtually identical, although that of laminin was generally fainter. Breaks in and thinning of the normally continuous line of type IV collagen and laminin at the dermo-epidermal junction were seen in association with the junctional activity of benign naevi, and in malignant melanomas in association with invasive tumour cells. Both benign and malignant cells of the melanocyte series showed relatively light pericellular staining around individual cells and clusters of cells in the papillary dermis. This staining pattern was much stronger in the deeper reticular dermis. It is concluded that the pattern of staining of these two antibodies and in particular the presence of breaks in type IV collagen and laminin at the dermo-epidermal junction are not specific for either benign or malignant melanocytic lesions and cannot be used as a diagnostic marker of invasive malignancy.
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PMID:Type IV collagen and laminin staining patterns in benign and malignant cutaneous lesions. 247 64

A decreased count of retinal photoreceptors all over the fundus and a loss of retinal pigment epithelium cells mainly in the parapapillary region have been reported to be associated with glaucoma. This study addressed the question whether this cell loss in the deep retinal layers may be connected with a change of the choroidal thickness in glaucomatous eyes. Histological sections of 12 eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma due to a malignant melanoma of the ciliary body and 20 eyes with a malignant choroidal melanoma and normal intraocular pressure were histomorphometrically evaluated. Before enucleation the intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the glaucoma group compared with the control group. Thickness of the choroid was measured at 12 locations from the posterior pole to the fundus periphery. The choroid was significantly thinner in the glaucoma group than in the control group. The decreased choroidal thickness was mainly due to a diminished choroidal vessel diameter. The differences were more marked at the optic disc border than in the fundus periphery. The decreased choroidal thickness in the glaucomatous eyes suggests a reduced choroidal perfusion. It fits with the reported lack of autoregulation of the choroidal blood circulation. Considering the diminished choroidal thickness especially in the parapapillary region, it may be one among other factors explaining the changes of the deep retinal layers in eyes with glaucoma. It indicates that thinning of the choroid, besides the chorioretinal atrophy in the parapapillary region, should be added to the panoply of histological changes in glaucoma.
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PMID:Decreased choroidal thickness in eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma. An aetiological factor for deep retinal changes in glaucoma? 834 72

Tumour invasion in the central nervous system (CNS) was studied using a mouse melanoma cell model. Attention was concentrated on the third ventricle as this site is distant from any implantation artefact. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of tumour cell aggregates within the ventricle. Underlying ependymal cells showed loss of cilia and microvilli. Progressive thinning of the ependymal cells took place until continuity of the ependyma was lost through ependymal retraction. Tumour cells were then in direct contact with sub-ependymal neuroglial processes. Further invasion was then accomplished by penetration between neuropil processes, followed by tumour cell infiltration along the intact basement membrane of cerebral capillaries with displacement of astrocyte foot processes from the capillary basement membrane.
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PMID:Ultrastructural aspects of tumour invasion in the central nervous system. 843 19

Pigmented basal cell carcinoma (PBCC) is a tumour with distinct clinical features which occasionally may be difficult to differentiate from malignant melanoma (MM). The purpose of this study was to re-examine the epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) criteria for PBCC and to determine their statistical significance in the differential diagnosis of MM. Fifty histologically verified pigmented skin lesions (25 PBCCs and 25 MMs) were investigated using ELM for the presence of ELM criteria; their significance was determined by calculating the odds ratios. We found that individual ELM criteria have different weights of significance in the differential diagnosis of PBCC (leaf-like distribution of diffuse pigmentation, gradual thinning at the periphery and telangiectasia) and MM (pigment network, black and grey pigmentation, radial streaming, pseudopods, brown globules and black dots). Selected patterns of ELM criteria adjusted to the distinct types of pigmented skin lesions are characteristic features for preoperative diagnosis. The prevalence of distinct ELM criteria in PBCC and MM is of critical value in differentiating between the two types of lesions.
Melanoma Res 1997 Aug
PMID:Statistical evaluation of epiluminescence microscopy criteria in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and pigmented basal cell carcinoma. 929 80

Skin cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in humans. Solar keratoses are related benign tumours that are at least ten times commoner than skin cancers and photoageing of the skin is still more common. Descriptive studies show that incidence rates of the main types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are maximal in populations in which ambient sun exposure is high and skin (epidermal) transmission of solar radiation is high, suggesting strong associations with sun exposure. Analytic epidemiological studies confirm that exposure to the UV component of sunlight is the major environmental determinant of skin cancers and associated skin conditions and evidence of a causal association between cumulative sun exposure and SCC, solar keratoses and photodamage is relatively straightforward. Results for BCC and melanoma are complicated by several factors including the existence of subgroups of these diseases which do not appear to be caused by sun exposure yet have been included in most aetiological studies to date. Complementary to epidemiological data is the molecular evidence of ultraviolet (UV) mechanisms of carcinogenesis such as UV-specific mutations in the DNA of tumour suppressor genes in skin tumours. With increased UV irradiation resulting from thinning of the ozone layer, skin cancer incidence rates have been predicted to increase in the future--unless, as is hoped, human behaviour to reduce sun exposure can offset these predicted rises.
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PMID:Sun exposure, skin cancers and related skin conditions. 1070 45

The distinction between melanoma and its most important simulant, Spitz nevus, is usually made on microscopically. We point out "consumption of the epidermis" (COE) as an additional diagnostic criterion. We defined COE as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of the basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges in areas of direct contact with neoplastic melanocytes. We analyzed 102 unequivocal melanomas and 125 unequivocal Spitz nevi for the presence of COE. COE had not been used in arriving at the diagnosis of these cases because we were unaware of the criterion at the time that the cases were first evaluated. COE was found in 88 of 102 (86%) of melanomas but only 12 of 125 (9.6%) of Spitz nevi (P < 0.001). We then looked for COE in an independent set of 61 ambiguous melanocytic lesions with overlapping histopathologic features that could not be classified unequivocally as Spitz nevus or melanoma. The cases were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for aberration patterns suggesting a benign or a malignant process, based on previous studies. COE was found in only 6 of 42 (14%) of the ambiguous cases in which CGH suggested a benign process and 14 of 19 (74%) of the ambiguous cases in which CGH suggested melanoma (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that COE is a useful criterion in the evaluation of melanocytic neoplasms. Because COE was frequently found at the edges of ulcers in the majority of ulcerated melanomas, the thinning of the epidermis in COE may represent an early phase of ulceration. This may prove to be important in distinguishing ulceration due to an effect of the tumor from ulceration due to trauma, which would be expected not to have the same prognostic import. Future studies are required to analyze the prognostic value of COE itself.
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PMID:Consumption of the epidermis: a diagnostic criterion for the differential diagnosis of melanoma and Spitz nevus. 1557 82

Non-contiguous local recurrence of posterior uveal melanoma occurs rarely after plaque therapy. A 50-year-old white first presented with choroidal melanoma. He underwent therapy with episcleral iodine-125 radioactive plaque therapy. Nine years later fundus evaluation revealed a new pigmented lesion in the inferotemporal equatorial area. Patient was considered to have a non-contiguous recurrent melanoma and the eye was enucleated. Histologic microscopic examination disclosed a 3 x 1.8 mm densely pigmented tumour internal to the choroid at the equator. The tumour was composed of large round cells with round nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant cytoplasm and spindle-shaped cells with spindle-shaped nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The tumour extended through the retina. The superior nasal area of plaque therapy had extensive chorioretinal atrophy with loss of retinal pigment epithelium, thinning of the retina and thinning and depigmentation of the choroids. Within this area of atrophy, there was a pigmented lesion composed by densely packed, spindle-shaped cells with spindle-shaped nuclei. Our patient illustrated non-contiguous recurrence of choroidal melanoma, such finding raises concerns about physiopathology and treatment of choroidal melanoma.
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PMID:Non-contiguous recurrence or secondary choroidal melanoma following plaque radiotherapy. 1789 87

Consumption of the epidermis (COE), defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges adjacent to collections of melanocytes, is a recently coined term encompassing changes of the epidermal architecture associated with melanoma. To evaluate this feature as an additional diagnostic criterion for melanoma, we examined COE in 453 melanocytic lesions, including 213 invasive melanomas from a population-based series and 240 suspicious pigmented lesions from a clinic-based series, excluding halo and Spitz nevi. In the population-based series, COE was identified in 92/213 (43%) invasive melanomas and became progressively more frequent with increasing Breslow depth (P < 0.0001) and Clark level (P = 0.0002). COE was more frequent when mitotic figures (P < 0.0001), ulceration (P = 0.005), or vertical growth phase (P = 0.009) were present, but it was not significantly associated with age, gender, site, regression, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In the clinic-based series of pigmented lesions, COE was present in 2/25 (8%) in situ melanomas, 1/29 (3%) lesions classified as melanoma in situ/high-grade dysplastic nevi, and 1/40 (2.5%) high-grade dysplastic nevi. COE was not identified in 146 low-grade dysplastic, congenital, or common nevi. In the combined datasets, 94/96 (98%) lesions exhibiting COE were classified as melanoma. This study demonstrates that COE is frequently present in invasive melanomas, is associated with more aggressive histopathologic features (including increased Breslow depth and ulceration) and may be a useful supplementary diagnostic criterion for melanoma. Furthermore, the process leading to COE may be the first step in a progression to ulceration.
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PMID:Consumption of the epidermis: a criterion in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and dysplastic nevi that is associated with increasing breslow depth and ulceration. 1803 46

As individuals age, the skin undergoes changes, such as irregular pigmentation, thinning and loss of elasticity, that are due to both genetic and environmental factors. These changes may worsen, progressing to precancerous and cancerous diseases. Various medical treatments and topical cosmeceuticals have been used to treat some symptoms of photoaging, however, the results have been less than satisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cells within the stromal-vascular fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), display multi-lineage developmental plasticity and secrete various growth factors that control and manage the damaged neighboring cells. Recently, the production and secretion of growth factors has been reported as an essential function of ADSCs, and diverse regenerative effects of ADSCs have been demonstrated in the skin. For example, conditioned medium from ADSCs (ADSC-CM) stimulated both collagen synthesis and migration of dermal fibroblasts, which improved the wrinkling and accelerated wound healing in animal models. ADSC-CM also inhibited melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, and protected dermal fibroblasts from oxidative stress induced by chemicals and UVB irradiation. Therefore, ADSCs and soluble factors show promise for the treatment of photoaging, and this review introduces recent research developments of the ADSCs and ADSC-derived secretory factors regarding this issue.
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PMID:Protective role of adipose-derived stem cells and their soluble factors in photoaging. 1939 9


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