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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aims of the Australian Corneal Graft Registry are to collect and collate statistical information on the practice of corneal transplantation around Australia, to identify risk factors for corneal graft failure, and to provide information on graft and visual outcome. The current report encompasses analyses performed on 3608 corneal grafts (96% penetrating and 4% lamellar) entered into the Registry between May 1985 and July 1991. Sixty-four per cent of grafts have undergone one or more rounds of follow-up by the 189 contributing surgeons and 110 additional referring practitioners: five-year Kaplan-Meier graft survival for penetrating and lamellar grafts is 72% and 84%, respectively. The main indications for penetrating keratoplasty were keratoconus (31%), bullous keratopathy (25%), history of failed previous graft (14%), corneal scars and opacities (11%), and corneal dystrophies (7%). The most common reasons listed for failure of penetrating grafts were rejection (33%), glaucoma (11%), non-viral infections (10%), endothelial cell failure (8%) and herpetic infection (7%). In 19% of cases, the reason for graft failure was unclear. The main indications for lamellar keratoplasty were pterygium (32%), thinning, necrosis or ulceration from old beta-radiation therapy for pterygium (17%), and scleral ulcers, necrosis, ectasia, perforations or melts (29%). The most common reasons for the failure of lamellar grafts were corneal melting (43%) and sloughing of the graft (29%). Among the factors that influenced the survival of penetrating corneal grafts to a significant extent (P < 0.05) in univariate analysis were: the centre effect, indication for graft, graft number, a history of pregnancy or blood transfusion, inflammation before or at the time of graft, corneal vascularisation at the time of graft, a history of raised intraocular pressure, the donor cornea procurement source, the death to donor cornea enucleation time, graft size and large degrees of oversizing, lens status and the type of intraocular lens in situ. In the postoperative period, risk factors for failure included early removal of graft sutures, neovascularisation of the graft, herpetic recurrences in the graft and the occurrence of rejection episodes. The variables that best predicted penetrating corneal graft failure in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were aphakia or the presence of an anterior chamber of iris-clip intraocular lens, very small or very large grafts, a history of previous ipsilateral graft, an indication for graft that was neither keratoconus nor any of the corneal dystrophies, inflammation at the time of graft, and a postoperative rise in intraocular pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The Australian Corneal Graft Registry. 1990 to 1992 report. 833 42

A decreased count of retinal photoreceptors all over the fundus and a loss of retinal pigment epithelium cells mainly in the parapapillary region have been reported to be associated with glaucoma. This study addressed the question whether this cell loss in the deep retinal layers may be connected with a change of the choroidal thickness in glaucomatous eyes. Histological sections of 12 eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma due to a malignant melanoma of the ciliary body and 20 eyes with a malignant choroidal melanoma and normal intraocular pressure were histomorphometrically evaluated. Before enucleation the intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the glaucoma group compared with the control group. Thickness of the choroid was measured at 12 locations from the posterior pole to the fundus periphery. The choroid was significantly thinner in the glaucoma group than in the control group. The decreased choroidal thickness was mainly due to a diminished choroidal vessel diameter. The differences were more marked at the optic disc border than in the fundus periphery. The decreased choroidal thickness in the glaucomatous eyes suggests a reduced choroidal perfusion. It fits with the reported lack of autoregulation of the choroidal blood circulation. Considering the diminished choroidal thickness especially in the parapapillary region, it may be one among other factors explaining the changes of the deep retinal layers in eyes with glaucoma. It indicates that thinning of the choroid, besides the chorioretinal atrophy in the parapapillary region, should be added to the panoply of histological changes in glaucoma.
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PMID:Decreased choroidal thickness in eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma. An aetiological factor for deep retinal changes in glaucoma? 834 72

Eleven patients with blue sclera, limbus-to-limbus corneal thinning, hypermobile joints, and consanguineous parents were examined between January 1983 and September 1991. The clinical diagnosis was consistent with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI phenotype in all patients. A "halo" sign at the limbus was present in all patients. Corneal rupture occurred in seven patients (nine eyes) either spontaneously or following minimal trauma. Acute hydrops occurred in three patients. Bilateral microcornea was present in one patient and two patients had a unilateral increased corneal diameter as a result of secondary glaucoma after trauma. Peripheral sclerocornea was present bilaterally in five patients. Curvature abnormalities included cornea plana, keratoconus, and keratoglobus.
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PMID:Corneal abnormalities in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. 845 32

We measured the central corneal thickness and the applanation intraocular pressure (IOP) on 45 Hong Kong Chinese. There was no obvious relationship between these two parameters, as different from other literatures. It could be due to either a limited number of subjects with a high IOP level (only six subjects with IOP > or = 22 mmHg), or Chinese has a thicker central cornea in general. The mean central cornea of our subjects was thicker (566 +/- 36 microns) than some previous findings. Thirty subjects had their intraocular pressure further increased by adopting a 40 degrees head-down posture. Their IOP and topographic corneal thickness were measured again. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness even though the IOP was elevated by 11.7 mmHg. However the nasal cornea demonstrated a thinning effect (by some 18 microns) during the IOP elevation but it returned to the pre-inverted level after returning to a sitting posture for 5 min. Further investigation with more corneal regions being measured would be valuable to evaluate the in vivo effect of IOP elevation from glaucoma attack on corneal thickness.
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PMID:The effect of an artificially-elevated intraocular pressure on corneal thickness in Chinese eye. 939 Mar 68

The etiology of glaucoma is most probably multifactorial. This study intended to investigate the asymmetry in intraocular pressure (IOP) and that in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in normal-tension glaucoma patients. Two diurnal tension curves, obtained within 3 months and counting at least five IOP readings each, including an early morning IOP measurement upon awaking, were obtained in 15 normal-tension glaucoma patients. None of the patients received IOP-lowering therapy. IOP asymmetry was present in at least three readings and was always in the same direction. The optic nerve was imaged in both eyes in each patient by means of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph). The interocular difference in RNFL thickness and the RNFL cross-sectional area were correlated with the interocular difference in IOP by means of Spearman's rank correlation factor. Nine female and 6 male normal-tension glaucoma patients (mean +/- SD age was 62. 4 +/- 16.9 years) were included in this study. Interocular IOP asymmetry varied between 0.30 and 4 mm Hg. Strong negative correlations were found between interocular asymmetry in IOP and interocular asymmetry in RNFL thickness asymmetry (R = -0.652, p = 0. 0083) and interocular asymmetry in RNFL cross-sectional area (R = -0. 702, p = 0.0034). The present results demonstrate for the first time a more marked thinning of the neuroretinal nerve fiber layer in the eye with the higher IOP in normal-tension glaucoma patients.
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PMID:Asymmetry in intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal-tension glaucoma. 1042 Jan 4

A 5-wk-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) was clinically diagnosed with bilateral corneal dermoids, incomplete congenital cataracts, a left persistent hyaloid artery (PHA), and a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The corneal dermoids were removed by lamellar keratectomy, and vision improved in the left eye. Thirteen months after dermoid surgery, the calf was presented for enlargement of the right eye. Glaucoma was confirmed in the right eye, and corneal fibrosis and cataract were noted in the left eye. Persistence of the VSD was confirmed by cardiac ultrasonography. The calf was euthanized, and necropsy findings confirmed VSD. Histopathologic examination revealed bilateral corneal thinning and fibrosis, cataracts with retrolental fibroplasia, and retinal dysplasia. Additional changes in the right globe were anterior segment dysgenesis, ruptured lens capsule, chronic phacoclastic uveitis, and retinal separation. The PHA was confirmed in the left eye.
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PMID:Congenital ocular anomalies and ventricular septal defect in a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). 1057 69

Accurate Australian glaucoma prevalence has been provided by two population-based studies: the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) and the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project (MVIP). Both stud es defined glaucoma as the presence of matching optic disc cupp ng with rim thinning and g aucomatous field defects demonstrated on automated perimetry Combining 'definite' and 'probable' rates, the glaucoma prevalence in persons aged 50 and over, age-standardized for the 2000 projected Australian population, was 2.70% (BMES) and 3.13% (MVIP), including rates for 'definite' glaucoma of 2.12% (BMES) and 2.50% (MVIP). The number of Australians aged 50 and over in the year 2000 with g aucoma could be estimated as from 144 000 persons (BMES) to 167 000 persons (MVIP). Assuming similar age-specific rates, the number of Austral ans aged 50 and over in the year 2030 wth glaucoma could be estimated as from 307 000 persons (BMES) to 337 000 persons (MVIP). Ocular hypertens on (OH) was defined as present in subjects without glaucoma wth intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 21 mmHg, including treated subjects with 'normal' examination IOP The age-standardized OH prevalence was 5.15% (BMES), which projects to 275000 Australians with OH in 2000, increasing to 513000 in 2030.
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PMID:Projected number of Australians with glaucoma in 2000 and 2030. 1098 83

Lenses from patients with glaucoma and senile cataract (control) were examined under electron microscope. Ultrastructural changes in the lenses of glaucoma patients differ from changes in senile cataract by a more pronounced thinning of the capsule and development of microdefects in it and in many cases by accumulation of amorphous material on the surface of the posterior capsule adjacent to the vitreous body. This material may be pseudo-exfoliate or a manifestation of stratification of the posterior capsule proper. Development of a pseudomembrane on the surface of posterior capsule is a manifestation of proliferative processes in glaucoma. These features in a certain measure reflect the mechanism of cataract development in glaucoma, which helps plan the measures for preventing it. The status of posterior lenticular capsule in glaucoma is to be taken into consideration when implanting intraocular lenses.
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PMID:[The pathomorphological characteristics of the cataractous lens in glaucoma patients]. 1105 15

The patients with glaucoma underwent the examination of retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) to explore the diagnostic value of RTA in glaucoma. The retina of 6 mm x 6 mm size (approximately 20 degrees, centered on the macula) at the posterior pole was scanned by using RTA to obtain the images in 35 eyes of 22 patients with glaucoma. The images were processed by using SAS software package. The retinal thickness in the patients with glaucoma showed diffuse or local thinning. Twenty-seven eyes was definitely diagnosed as having glaucoma. There was a very significant difference in retinal thickness measurements by RTA between normal group and glaucomatous group (P = 0.0012). Except the measurements at the detected point 6 having no difference, the measurements at the detected point 3 showed a significant difference and the remaining 7 detected points presented a very significant difference between the two groups. Of the detected 9 points, the changes at the points 4, 8, and 9 were the most obvious. The discrete analysis was performed on the glaucomatous patients by a discriminant function established through the data at the detected points 4, 8 and 9 and the accurate estimate rate for the diagnosis of glaucoma was up to 80.77%. The measurements of RTA examination was consistent with the results of the vision field test. It was suggested that diffuse or local thinning of retinal thickness exists in the patients with glaucoma. The temporal inferior arcuate fibers and the papillomacular bundle between the macular and optic nerve heads showed a serious damage. The sensitivity of RTA examination was higher than visual field test.
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PMID:Preliminary studies on the application of retinal thickness analyzer in the diagnosis of glaucoma. 1121 65

Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) are either clinically invisible or clearly protruding from the disc, in the later case leading to the condition of an irregular, indistinct disc margin or a swollen disc on biomicroscopy. They also may cause visual field defects, even with slow progression. Scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) has been proposed as a rapid, objective and reproducible technology for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment and clinical studies have demonstrated that SLP can help to distinguish between normal and glaucomatous eyes, identify glaucoma suspects and correlates well with visual field defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential applicability of SLP in 20 consecutive patients with optic nerve head drusen (18 bilateral) that were clinically visible (22 eyes) and invisible (16 eyes). RNFL thickness was studied in patients with and without visual field defects. Patients with visual field defects and ONHD were significantly older and had a small, but significant reduction of visual acuity. Some global SLP parameters (average thickness, ellipse average) were significantly different between subjects with normal and abnormal visual fields. The comparison of the groups with visible and invisible drusen showed that there was no difference in demographic or perimetric data. RNFL thickness measurements were also very similar in both groups. Clinical visibility of drusen was not correlated with RNFL thinning as measured with the GDxTM. SLP assessment, however, was well correlated with functional loss. This objective, non-invasive technology may be an additional option for RNFL evaluation in this condition and an especially useful tool for long-term follow-up.
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PMID:Scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) for optic nerve head drusen. 1194 46


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