Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All eyes of children above the age of 1 year referred because of glaucoma were treated with trabeculotomy as the primary procedure. The surgery was modified by the excision of a rectangle of tissue in the deep scleral bed under the scleral flap instead of the classical radial incision. This serves to exteriorise Schlemm's canal while thinning the scleral tissue, without, however, entering the anterior chamber. A total of 7 eyes in 5 children between the ages of 1 and 9 years were operated upon. In 6 of the 7 eyes intraocular pressure has remained under 20 mmHg without treatment after follow-up of between 18 months and 4 years. In the seventh eye intraocular pressure was controlled for 2 years but has since required epinephrine drops twice daily for the maintenance of pressure below 20 mmHg. In 4 of the 7 eyes flat, diffuse conjunctival filtering blebs are present, but no complications have been encountered. We consider that trabeculotomy may be recommended for children with late-onset congenital glaucoma.
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PMID:Trabeculotomy in late onset congenital glaucoma. 76 Jul 74

Experimental glaucoma was produced in 50% of rabbit eyes by injecting 75 units of alphachymotrypsin into the posterior chamber. The elevation of intraocular pressure was stable, rarely exceeded 50 mm Hg, and lasted one year or longer. Progressive buphthalmos first appeared 2 to 3 weeks following injection of the enzyme. Ocular histologic changes included bullous keratopathy, iris and ciliary body atrophy, and cupping of the optic disc. The optic nerve became atrophic but no cavernous degeneration occurred. In the retina there was thinning of the nerve fiber layer and loss of ganglion cells with preservation of the other retinal elements. The mechanism leading to glaucoma following alphachymotrypsin injection is unclear. This study demonstrated formation of peripheral anterior synechiae and reduction of outflow facility within 2 weeks following injection and these factors may play a role.
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PMID:Experimental alphachymotrypsin glaucoma. 114 7

Iris tissue and trabecular meshwork, obtained at time of trabeculectomy, was studied using the light and electron microscope in a 54-year-old woman with pigmentary dispersion syndrome with glaucoma. The specific defect was a loss of the outer epithelial cells of the iris with marked thinning of the remaining outer layers so that the two-cell architecture of the iris epithelium was maintained. In addition, the radial muscle layer was increased in both number and size of muscle fiber. It would appear that the pigmentary dispersion syndrome may represent a congenital or developmental abnormality of the iris epithelium, or both, and that the glaucoma which occasionally occurs in conjunction with this syndrome is of the usual open-angle type.
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PMID:The histopathology of pigmentary dispersion syndrome with glaucoma. 119 Feb 79

Complex examination of the iris under light transformed by various methods - iridochromoscopy with iridochromophotography, transillumination in red light, and fluorescein angiography - was performed on 26 eyes of patients with simple glaucoma and 24 normal eyes of subjects aged between 42 and 76 years. All the methods employed revealed iris changes in 100% of the simple glaucoma cases. The differences found between the study group and the controls were significant (P = 0.01). A highly positive correlation was found between the results of iris fluorescein angiography and iridochromoscopy with iridochromophotography (r = 0.932; P = 0.0005), as well as between the results of iris fluorescein angiography and transillumination in red light (r = 0.921; P = 0.0005). Complex examination of the iris under transformed light showed the most typical changes in simple glaucoma to be exogenous pigmentation of the pupillary and ciliary regions, partial or complete destruction of the pupillary margin, and stromal atrophy affecting the pupil or the entire iris. Defects and thinning of the posterior iris pigment layer, iris vessel permeability disorders associated with hypoperfusion and microneovascularization in the lesser circle and the ciliary region were also found.
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PMID:[Comprehensive study of the iris in transformed light in simple glaucoma]. 176 48

A multicenter clinical trial of therapeutic ultrasound for the treatment of glaucoma included 20 centers in the United States in which 1,117 treatments were performed on 880 eyes. The study was limited to patients with refractory glaucoma who had not benefited from conventional medical and surgical techniques. Approximately 782 of 1,117 treatments (70%) showed an initial decrease in intraocular pressure from a pretreatment mean of 38.1 mm Hg to 22 mm Hg or less. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the single treatment success rate (intraocular pressure between 6 and 22 mm Hg) was 48.7% at six months posttreatment. When retreatment was used subsequent to failure, the one-year multitreatment success rate was 79.3%. The most common complications were an immediate posttreatment intraocular pressure increase lasting a few hours and mild iritis. Other complications included scleral thinning in 28 of 1,117 treatments (2.5%) and phthisis bulbi in 12 of 1,117 treatments (1.1%).
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PMID:Therapeutic ultrasound for the treatment of glaucoma. 200 Sep 3

We attempted to identify the initial glaucomatous changes of the optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer and to analyze how these changes subsequently progressed. Of 61 eyes of 61 patients with ocular hypertension, 23 (38%) developed glaucoma during ten years of follow-up (range, five to 15 years). The initial sign of glaucomatous damage was diffuse enlargement of the optic disk cup in ten of 23 eyes or generalized thinning of the nerve fiber layer without localized changes in 12 of 23 eyes. We found localized optic disk damage in ten of 23 patients and localized retinal nerve fiber layer damage in 11 of 23 patients alone or in combination with diffuse damage. In 13 of 23 eyes, the cupping ended up in diffuse enlargement with even more profound thinning of the neural rim in the upper and lower temporal disk margins. There seems to be great variability in the appearance and progression of the initial glaucomatous optic disk and nerve fiber layer abnormalities in patients with increased intraocular pressure.
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PMID:Initial glaucomatous optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer abnormalities and their progression. 201 51

Focused high-intensity ultra-sound is used to treat glaucoma. Histopathologic examinations of rabbit and pig eyes following therapeutic ultrasound demonstrated highly localized lesions including destruction of the ciliary epithelium and thinning of the sclera. The bond between the sclera and the ciliary epithelium is weakened. The conjunctiva remains intact. The histologic findings in human eye enucleated after ultra-sound therapy are identical. Three mechanisms for pressure reduction are proposed: transscleral outflow of aqueous humor can occur under the overlying conjunctiva; focal destruction of the ciliary epithelium can reduce aqueous production; scleral scarring produces the potential for separation of the ciliary body and the sclera.
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PMID:[Principles and histologic effects of the treatment of hypertension with focused high-intensity ultrasound]. 223 1

The cause of glaucoma in 131 enucleated eyes from 128 cats was determined in a retrospective histologic study. Obliteration of the ciliary cleft by diffuse iridal melanoma (38 eyes), or other neoplasms (14 eyes), or by the presence of idiopathic lymphocytic-plasmacytic anterior uveitis (53 eyes) were the most frequent lesions likely to explain the development of glaucoma. Secondary changes of inner retinal atrophy, optic disc cupping, scleral thinning with megaglobus, and atrophy of ciliary processes were similar to those described in dogs and human beings with chronic glaucoma. In light of the duration and severity of the glaucoma, the degree of inner retinal atrophy was often less than expected. Diffuse corneal edema and breaks in Descemet's membrane, changes typical of glaucoma in other species, were rarely detected. Eyes with chronic uveitis and glaucoma had collapsed ciliary clefts, iridoscleral adhesions, and posterior displacement of the iris. We were unable to determine whether these changes were consequences of the uveitis and thus responsible for the development of glaucoma, or if they were merely the result of the chronic glaucoma itself.
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PMID:The causes of glaucoma in cats. 230 79

Transscleral neodymium (Nd):YAG cyclophotocoagulation, a new cyclodestructive procedure for controlling intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma, is designed to penetrate the sclera and selectively destroy the ciliary body and processes without damaging the overlying tissue. Complications include conjunctival edema, corneal edema, iritis, gas in the anterior chamber, pain, hyphema, hypopyon, vitreous hemorrhage, and cataract. We present a case in which a patient developed focal areas of scleral thinning 6 weeks after transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation. The possibility of scleral damage or thinning should be kept in mind when performing the procedure.
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PMID:Focal scleral thinning after transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation. 271 Apr 91

The thickness of the sclera has been morphologically examined in 165 cadaver eyes and the thickness of the reticular plate (RP) in 68 eyes in open-angle glaucoma, atherosclerosis, and involution. The measurements have shown that the sclera and RP are thinner in atherosclerosis than in the control, this process being more manifest in the RP. The RP supporting characteristics deteriorate even in vascular abnormalities. Open-angle glaucoma is associated with a most significant thinning of the sclera (t up to 5.33), but when this process develops far, the thinning ceases (t = 0.06). RP thinning is more marked (t = 2.2 = 7.58) and does not cease in case of a far-developed process. The values of the pressure on the posterior segment of the eye in health and in glaucoma are presented; this pressure is drastically elevated in glaucoma, which fact may explain the stretching of the entire posterior segment (of the sclera by 1.5 times and of the RP by 8.5 times). Since the mechanical properties of the RP are poor and the plate virtually disappears, the optic nerve is devoid of its support.
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PMID:[Quantitative biochemical shifts in the connective tissue of the rear section of the eyeball in glaucoma and atherosclerosis]. 272 63


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