Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Hughes' tarsoconjunctival flap technique has proved to be a reliable operative procedure for the treatment of large lower-lid defects for more than 55 years. The Hughes' procedure has maintained its importance despite the development of numerous other operations, two reasons for this being that there have now been several modifications to this technique and that the lids do not have to be closed as long. To help the surgeon avoid and eliminate problems and errors in the operative technique we provide details and some useful tricks we have learned over the years while treating over 50 patients. The causes, prophylaxis, and correction of postoperative complications are described for the following: lowering the lid margin; thinning of the lid in the area of the tarsal transposition; lymph edema of the transplant; lid margin defects, and dehiscence of the wound; corneal epithelial defects; trichiasis caused by lanugo hair; keratinization of the lid margin; ectropion of the conjunctiva; retraction of the upper lid, and entropion of the upper lid. If these details are taken into consideration, the Hughes' procedure is a simple operative technique that is free of serious complications and gives good results in the reconstruction of the lower lid.
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PMID:[Tarsoconjunctival transposition. Causes, prevention and possibilities for correction of postoperative complications]. 130 7

The current literature on the transmission of HIV and the use of oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, IUDs, spermicides, and the female condom was reviewed. Some of the methodological difficulties involved study design (observational studies, cross-sectional, case control, and prospective studies) and confounding factors (age, marital status, sexual partners). The impact of OC use on HIV transmission is likely to be minor, but some factors contributing to transmission include cervical ectropion, which enhances HIV transmission. Nevertheless, in a 1990 Nairobi study of 4404 women no such association was detected. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been risk factors in HIV transmission. OCs that decrease irregular bleeding may protect against HIV. Progestin-only pills could act on the risk of HIV transmission by thickening cervical mucus and thinning the vaginal epithelial layer. 21 epidemiological studies were identified on the use of OCs and transmission. Except for a 1990 Nairobi study among prostitutes none of them reported a significant association between OC use and HIV seropositivity. Injectables (Depo Provera) could theoretically increase HIV transmission, but no such conclusive evidence has surfaced. Increased risk of transmission or seropositivity has been reported with IUD use, but this needs confirmation by prospective studies. Among spermicides the nonoxynol-9 sponge slightly increased HIV seroconversion in 139 sex workers in Nairobi in a 1992 study. However, this trial was contradicted by other prospective studies conducted in Cameroon and Zambia. Nonoxynol-9 kills HIV but also damages the cervical and vaginal mucosa enhancing HIV transmission. In 1992 in vitro activity in 26 out of 131 other spermicides screened inhibited HIV. The female condom was tested in 104 women in a 1993 prospective study in the US and no recurrences of trichomonas occurred in 20 women who used it consistently over a 6-week period. More prospective epidemiological studies are needed, and the risk of HIV infection should be part of counseling on contraceptives.
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PMID:Contraceptive methods and the transmission of HIV: implications for family planning. 820 68

Summaries of seven recently published studies on the association between contraceptive method and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have confirmed the effectiveness of latex condom use, but produced inconclusive findings in terms of other methods. It has been suggested that physiological changes induced by the progesterone in oral contraceptives (OCs) (e.g., cervical ectropion and a higher incidence of chlamydia) and injectables (e.g., irregular menstrual bleeding and thinning of the vaginal lining) may increase susceptibility to HIV. On the other hand, a Kenyan study found no significant trend in HIV risk with duration of use of OCs, injectables, or IUDs. In a study from Rwanda, HIV prevalence was significantly elevated among injectable and OC users; however, this association disappeared when type of sexual relationship (e.g., nonmonogamous) and marital status were controlled. Couples who want simultaneous protection against pregnancy and STDs may need to use two contraceptive methods.
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PMID:Progesterone and STDs: selected studies. 1229 89

A 26-year-old male presented to us with defective vision in the left eye. He had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of hand movement (HM) in right eye and 6/9 in left eye. He had ptosis with ectropion in both eyes and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in right eye. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 46 and 44 mmHg in right and left eye, respectively. Fundus showed glaucomatous optic atrophy (GOA) in right eye and cup disc ratio (CDR) of 0.75 with bipolar rim thinning in left eye. Systemic examination showed hyperextensible skin and joints, acrogeria, hypodontia, high arched palate, and varicose veins. He gave history of easy bruising and tendency to fall and history of intestinal rupture 5 years ago for which he had undergone surgery. He was diagnosed as a case of Type IV Ehler-Danlos syndrome (EDS) with open angle glaucoma. He underwent trabeculectomy in both eyes. This is a rare case that shows glaucoma in a patient of EDS Type IV. Very few such cases have been reported in literature.
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PMID:Open angle glaucoma in a case of Type IV Ehler Danlos syndrome: a rarely reported association. 2523 Sep 66