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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recent study using the photon absorption technique has revealed a high frequency of significant bone loss in diabetic adults regardless of age or duration of diabetes. In this study 107 diabetic children age 4-18 were studied using cortical bone thickness and skeletal maturation as indicators of bone development. Overall, 25% of all diabetic children had cortical thickness values below the five percent limit for normal children. This was more common in boys than girls and was unrelated to duration of diabetes. A modest increase in delayed skeletal maturation did not account for the cortical thinning and osteopenia observed. The cause of the osteopenia of diabetic children remains an enigma.
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PMID:Decreased cortical thickness & osteopenia in children with diabetes mellitus. 91 88

Bone and calcium metabolism was investigated in genetically obese, diabetic db/db mice and compared with that in a new hypoglycemic agent (AS-6) treated db/db mice and in their lean litter mates as controls. The 5-week-old db/db mice (serum Ca 9.88 +/- 0.22 mg/dl, glucose 258.6 +/- 13.3 mg/dl) were randomly divided into two groups. One group, together with their lean litter mates, was fed a commercial diet (CE-2). The other db/db group was fed CE-2 diet containing 0.1% of AS-6. Both groups were fed for 20 weeks. The serum glucose and calcium levels in db/db control groups (serum Ca 12.3 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, glucose 650.2 +/- 23.9 mg/dl) were higher than those in lean control groups (Ca 9.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, glucose 180.7 +/- 10.1 mg/dl). The wet, dry and ashed weights of the femur in db/db control were significantly lower and the length of femur in db/db control was significantly shorter than those of lean controls. These data suggest that retarded bone growth in db/db mice is related to progression of diabetes. Although, there was no change in Ca/P, Ca/ash and total perimeter in femurs, the cortical area in the femurs of db/db control mice (0.65 +/- 0.02 mm2) was significantly smaller than that of the femurs of lean control mice (0.74 +/- 0.02 mm2). The cortical bone thinning observed in the db/db control could have been caused by increased bone resorption. Treatment with AS-6 for 20 weeks resulted in a 48.6% decrease of serum glucose and 5.2% decrease of calcium as compared with db/db controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Altered bone metabolism in db/db mice]. 143 49

Renal biopsy specimens of 29 Japanese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients were examined by quantitative electron microscopic morphometry. In NIDDM the relative increase of percent total mesangium and mesangial capillary surface density (S/Vb) and the relative decrease of peripheral capillary surface density (S/Va) were compared with disease controls. However, mesangial-GBM-epithelial surface density (S/Vc) was not different between both groups. These results suggest that the increased mesangial matrix expands directly towards the capillary lumen as well as along the inner surface of GBM, and narrows the capillary lumen and filtration surface. The duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) did not correlate with all morphological parameters. The mesangial expansion correlated with urinary protein excretion and decreased creatinine clearance (CCr). GBM thickening correlated with proteinuria, but not with CCr. The degree of these morphological changes could be the indicators of hypertension of NIDDM patients. Areas of thin GBM were occasionally noticed in glomeruli which revealed thick GBM extensively, although the mechanism of GBM thinning is not known at the present time.
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PMID:An electron microscopic study of glomeruli in Japanese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 151 97

Rabbits maintained on a persistent high sugar diet eventually develop diabetes mellitus with a marked decline in glucose tolerance, but no studies have been conducted on the associated bone changes in these high sugar diet-induced diabetic rabbits (HSDD-R). Radiographs have revealed a significant thinning of the femoral cortex of these rabbits with markedly decreased bone mass. Scanning electron microscopy of the femoral cortex using the freeze-fractured technique have revealed the loss of a typical structure of Haversian canals and the surrounding concentric and radiating lamellar bones and also the loss of fibrous components in the section. The border created by the cement line was indistinct and resulted in amorphous changes. Formation of heterogenous bundles of fibrous components different from the usual reticular structure was seen within the subendothelial space of the Haversian canals. These results indicate that qualitative changes can apparently occur in the bone along with the development of osteopenia in the diabetic state.
Diabetes Res 1991 Nov
PMID:Osteopenic changes in high sugar diet-induced diabetic rabbits (HSDD-R). 184 21

Diabetes mellitus was produced in Rats by means of a single streptozotocin injection. The evolution of the lung ultrastructure and of the state of the alveolar epithelium glycocalix was followed during two months. Among the different cellular types of the lung parenchyma, the main alterations were revealed in the pneumocytes of type II. They consisted in severe enlargement of the endoplasmatic rough net channels, diminution of the quantity of the lamellated corpuscles and delay of their output out of the cytoplasm, the reduction of microvilli and thinning of the glycocalix. As an answer to the epithelium alteration, a regeneration of the type II pneumocytes was discovered. A structural insufficiency of the phagocyte system--polymorph nuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages was noted.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical changes in the lungs of rats with diabetes mellitus]. 233 5

Diffuse narrowing of the internal mammary artery graft (IMAG), the thinning phenomenon, was found in 8 (6.7%) out of 120 IMAGs underwent postoperative angiography. There were 6 males and 2 females, and mean age was 55.3 ranged from 37 to 70 year-old. There was no significant correlation with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Grafted coronary arteries were 6 anterior descending, one diagonal and one circumflex arteries. Diameter of them was 1.5 mm in one and 2 mm in 7. severity of stenosis of proximal coronary artery was 100% in one, 90-99% in one and less than 90% in 6. Undivided sizable costal or pericardial branches were found in 4 patients. All eight patients were alive without angina, although mild positive stress EKG changes were noted in two patients. In conclusion, a high resistance state such as a good competitive native coronary flow was thought to be the most important factor for the diffuse narrowing of IMAG, and close follow up should be needed because its outcome is still unknown.
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PMID:[Diffuse narrowing of the internal mammary artery graft--the thinning phenomenon]. 257 38

In a review of 10 patients with superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia, all of whom were the children of diabetic mothers, 17 of 20 eyes had one or more of four characteristic findings in the optic disc: relative superior entrance of the central retinal artery, pallor of the superior disc, superior peripapillary halo, and thinning of the superior peripapillary nerve fiber layer. We believe that the presence of these four signs of superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia strongly suggests maternal diabetes.
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PMID:Superior segmental optic hypoplasia. A sign of maternal diabetes. 278 63

The use of the streptozotocin rat model for diabetes has been questioned by the appearance of extrapancreatic cytotoxicity, notably renal and hepatic. In this study the model was made specific to diabetic, drug-induced, and starvation effects on parameters of testicular histology. Formulation of orthogonal contrast expressions permitted the statistical separation of these influences. Tubules from moderately diabetic animals showed frequent thinning, and premature desquamation of pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids from the germinal epithelium. Results showed that only diabetes significantly decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and increased testicular blood vessel numbers. In addition, significant alteration from the control pattern of tubule stage distribution was noted, particularly at stages IX-XI. Due to the inclusion of a drug-treated but nondiabetic group, streptozotocin itself was shown to have no significant effect on these parameters.
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PMID:Testicular histology in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 293 78

This study reports a 22% prevalence of significant cortical osteopenia in 206 patients, aged 7-20 years, with established insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A parallel decrease in trabecular bone mass was also noted. Bone loss was more evident in males (16%) than in females (6%) and was rare before 10 years of age (3%). No relationship between bone loss and the duration of diabetes, degree of metabolic control or diabetic complications was apparent. Delayed skeletal maturation did not account for cortical thinning, and the mean bone age of osteopenic diabetics was similar to that of non-osteopenic diabetics. There was no significant correlation between HLA-antigen frequency and the predisposition to diabetic osteopenia. Metabolic alterations comparable with previous findings in the chronically diabetic rat were documented in IDDM. The data documented are consistent with the conclusion that IDDM results in intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, absorptive hypercalciuria, phosphaturia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperphosphatasaemia, and decreased circulating parathyroid hormone levels. These alterations in mineral metabolism may relate to the decrease in cortical and trabecular bone mass observed in patients with IDDM.
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PMID:Alterations of bone and mineral metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Part II. Clinical studies in 206 patients with type I diabetes mellitus. 361 83

In the streptozocin-induced diabetic rat, the placenta is larger and the fetus is smaller than normal. To study cellular differences that might contribute to the size and functional disparity between diabetic and control placentas, a light- and electron-microscopic analysis was performed on 14-, 18-, and 22-day (term) control and diabetic placentas. Diabetic placentas, especially later in gestation, were marked by the presence of large numbers of glycogen-distended cells in the basal zone. Within the placental labyrinth, the trophoblastic layers of the interhemal membrane were significantly thicker in the diabetic placentas on days 18 and 22, and large accumulations of liid droplets were present, especially in the inner two trophoblastic layers. In normal placentas there is a marked thinning of the placental barrier in the labyrinth by day 22 of gestation, making the thickness of the labyrinthine layers in age-matched diabetic placentas even more impressive. Finally, the labyrinth of 22-day diabetic placentas contained more glycogen and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the inner trophoblastic layer, a feature that is found in less-mature (18-day) control placentas. Thus, the diabetic placentas have a number of features that are consistent with functional immaturity/dysmaturity. Cytologic evidence confirms the presence of increased glycogen and lipid reserves in both the junctional zone and the cellular area between maternal and fetal blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1986 Nov
PMID:Fine structural abnormalities of the placenta in diabetic rats. 375 95


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