Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of topical administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or its metabolites on BALB/cKi mice were reported on inflammatory skin reactions, the alterations in epidermal thickness, the number of nucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei and/or nuclear fragments, and mitotic figures in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). In the two-stage carcinogenesis system, MCA, the powerful complete carcinogen, induced an ordered sequence of cell changes strikingly similar to those caused by tumor-promoting agents such as the phorbol esters. These changes were absent after application of the "K-region" oxide of MCA. Other MCA metabolites also failed to induce notable inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and/or hypertrophy. Several MCA derivatives, however, caused a thinning of IFE paralleled by an increase in the relative number of pyknotic nuclei and a decrease in the total number of epithelial cells. The inhibitor of polycyclic hydrocarbon metabolism alpha-naphthoflavone did not prevent MCA-mediated skin reactions but, under suitable conditions, apparently potentiated the hyperplastic effects of MCA. The findings indicate that important events in the promotion phase of MCA-mediated skin carcinogenesis might be associated with the parent compound rather than with one of its metabolites.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1975 Jul
PMID:Early morphologic alterations in mouse skin after topical application of 3-methylcholanthrene and its metabolites. 115 10

The cytostatic effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; an oral luteohormone preparation) on two cell lines of ovarian carcinoma cultured in vitro (SHIN-3 and MN-1) was studied. At the same time, changes in the morphology and colony formation of these cancer cells after exposure to the drug were examined. 1) The doubling time of SHIN-3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase was prolonged 2.5 times at a MPA dose of 10(-8)M and 3.2 times at a MPA dose of 10(-5)M. The drug, however, exerted no significant cytostatic effect on MN-1 cells. 2) When the IC50 of MPA was assessed by counting live SHIN-3 cells in an FCS-added medium, it was 2.7 x 10(-5)M. When the same assessment was done with a medium without serum, IC50 was 6.4 x 10(-6)M. 3) After 120 hours of incubation in a medium containing 10(-8)M of MPA, CA125 (a tumor marker) production by SHIN-3 cells was suppressed by 35%. The suppression rate was 79% for SHIN-3 cells incubated in a medium containing 10(-5) of MPA. 4) The cytoplasm of SHIN-3 cells, incubated in a MPA-added medium, showed the formation of small mucous vacuoles and expansive degeneration, accompanied by a marked increase in size and thinning of the nucleus. 5) In an experiment on colony formation with collagen gel, the colony size decreased MPA concentration dependently, and was accompanied by the appearance of lobulated colonies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Antiproliferative actions of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro]. 131 10

The melanin pigmentation in the palate of Indian reverse smokers was histologically studied in 80 biopsies, which were compared with corresponding tissue from 49 nontobacco users. The morphology of epithelium containing melanin in its basal part was normal in smokers and nonsmokers, in contrast to areas with a local melanin depigmentation of the epithelium found in some of the reverse smokers. Here an epithelial thinning, inflammation in the underlying connective tissue, and eventually a cancer was found. The histologic appearance was in accordance with the theory that as long as a smoker's melanosis or a genetic melanin pigmentation is present, melanin functions as a defence against toxic agents penetrating into the oral mucosa.
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PMID:Melanin depigmentation of the palatal mucosa in reverse smokers: a preliminary study. 146 May 82

RU-486 or mifepristone is best known as an antiprogestin and an abortifacient, but it has broad medical applicability. The drug is also a potent blocker of corticosteroid receptors, and it has shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer, inoperable meningioma, and cushing's disease. Cushing's is a model for the symptomatology of aging which may involve enhanced response to corticosteroid. RU-486 has reversed the osteoporosis, thinning of skin, muscle atrophy, obesity, adult onset diabetes, depression, hypertension, and immunosuppression associated with this disease. RU-486 may be of value in aiding cervical dilation, lactation, and the treatment of endometriosis. In addition, breast, bowel, kidney tumors, hepatomas, endometrial cancer, and fibrosarcomas can show corticosteroid dependency, suggesting that RU-486 may have clinical value against inoperable tumors. In a preliminary 1987 phase I study, in estrogen-positive, chemotherapy-refractory breast cancer patients in Montpelier, France, Ru-486 produced objective tumor regression (6 of 22) that was prolonged (3 months) in 4 patients. Clinical relief of bone pain was observed in 7 of 23 patients with a decline in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor makers in 8 patients. Growing in vitro data also show that RU-486 can directly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. RU-486 has application for HIV infection, based on data that there is a serum factor in AIDS patients that enhances corticosteroid lympholysis. IN addition, the immune restorative action of RU-486 suggests that it could counteract the immunosuppression seen in aging, in cancer, or in viral or stress-related disease, which has recently focused clinical attention on its potential in the treatment of senile dementia and depression. Scientific conferences and workshops are needed to alert scientists, physicians, and the public to the potential medical benefits of this drug.
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PMID:RU 486: how abortion politics have impacted on a potentially useful drug of broad medical application. 150 96

Transabdominal ultrasonic scanning was used to examine 48 patients with endometrial carcinoma; 39 of them were later operated on, and 5 of these examined in various periods after surgery. No image of the median uterine echo in women with clinical symptoms of cancer of the body of the uterus or thinning of the median structure may evidence in favor of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The authors emphasize the usefulness of echography in the diagnosis of the depth of the tumor invasion into the myometrium, detection of the recurrences, and pay special attention to imaging the uterine myoma and other associated diseases of the genitals in these patients.
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PMID:[Ultrasonic diagnosis during the treatment of patients with cancer of the uterine body]. 175 99

The majority of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced lymphomas in AKR/J mice express a CD4-8+ phenotype. The CD4-8+ subset in normal thymus contains functionally mature medullary cells and immature cycling cells. This study demonstrates that MNU-induced lymphomas correspond to the immature CD4-8+ subset. In addition, specific changes in the distribution of thymocyte subsets defined by CD4 and CD8 expression were observed after MNU treatment. Cortical thinning and selective depletion of immature CD4-8+ and CD4+8+ subsets occur immediately after treatment. In contrast, immature CD4-8- progenitors and mature medullary CD4+8- and CD4-8+ subsets are relatively resistant to cytotoxicity. Normal thymic architecture and subset distribution are restored within 2 weeks after which selective expansion of the immature CD4-8+ subset occurs. The data suggest that MNU induces neoplastic conversion in progenitor cells corresponding to the CD4-8- or immature CD4-8+ stages of thymocyte maturation.
Cancer Res 1991 Jan 15
PMID:N-methyl-N-nitrosourea alters thymocyte subset distribution and targets immature CD4-8+ cells for lymphoma development. 189 15

Twelve cases of pachyonychia congenita were reviewed. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant. The clinical features of these patients included thickened nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, thinning of hair or alopecia, painful bullae or ulcerations of the palms and soles, leukokeratosis oris, verrucous lesions of the extremities, hyperhidrosis, premature eruption of teeth, paronychial infections, epidermal cysts with milia, and corneal dyskeratosis at times associated with cataracts. Biopsy from the plantar lesions usually revealed marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, moderate hypergranulosis, and minimal dermal inflammatory infiltration. Treatment with keratolytic agents and lubricants is indicated to areas of palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis but usually produces only transient benefit. Squamous cell carcinoma developed in one of the patients over the site of chronic plantar ulcerations. Areas of chronic bullous formation or ulceration should be observed for possible skin malignancy.
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PMID:Pachyonychia congenita: a clinical study of 12 cases and review of the literature. 214 Apr 47

The presence of both laminin and type IV collagen was sought at the dermo-epidermal junction and in the dermis adjacent to benign melanocytic naevi of the junctional, compound, and intradermal types; dysplastic naevi; and both primary and secondary melanoma. In all, 154 lesions were studied, using antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The staining patterns seen with the two antibodies were virtually identical, although that of laminin was generally fainter. Breaks in and thinning of the normally continuous line of type IV collagen and laminin at the dermo-epidermal junction were seen in association with the junctional activity of benign naevi, and in malignant melanomas in association with invasive tumour cells. Both benign and malignant cells of the melanocyte series showed relatively light pericellular staining around individual cells and clusters of cells in the papillary dermis. This staining pattern was much stronger in the deeper reticular dermis. It is concluded that the pattern of staining of these two antibodies and in particular the presence of breaks in type IV collagen and laminin at the dermo-epidermal junction are not specific for either benign or malignant melanocytic lesions and cannot be used as a diagnostic marker of invasive malignancy.
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PMID:Type IV collagen and laminin staining patterns in benign and malignant cutaneous lesions. 247 64

The height (thickness) of epicardial fat has been measured in histological slides at 10 standard "measuring points" in 200 human hearts. The 172 male and 28 female hearts were obtained from unselected autopsy material of the Institut of Pathology of the hospital groups "Bergmannsheil" in Bochum. The thickness of the epicardial fat on the surface of the right ventricle varies in histological paraffin slides between 0 and 13.6 mm. The mean of all 2,000 measurements is 2.19 mm, the median 1.7 mm. The mean values of the measurements at each of the standard points ranges between 0.851 mm at point No. 6 (dorso-caudal at the middle of the septum) and 4.12 mm at point No. 2 (sharp heart edge close to the bases). The lowest mean figure of the fat layer thickness is found in the dorso-caudal (diaphragmatic) region of the ventricular wall alongside the septum. At this point 0 thickness (fat-free area) is observed most frequently. The highest mean value and also the highest absolute measurement of fat layer thickness are found along the sharp heart edge - the ventro-lateral edge of the right ventricle - decrease from the heart bases to the apex. The average values of the standard "measuring points" along the ventral surface of the ventricular wall which decrease gradually from the heart bases to the apex, lie somewhere between the average values of the test points of the ventricle edge and the dorso-caudal surface close to the septum. In women, the epicardial fat layer on the right ventricle is, on average, thicker than that in men - ratio 1.65:1. A correlation can be seen between the thickness of the subcutaneous and epicardial fatty tissue layers. The weight of the ventricle wall can be increased in the case of marked fat development, and in exceptional cases the whole heart weight may be positively affected. Between age of 40 and death the thickness of the epicardial fat generally undergoes no statistical change. There is no statistical influence of the thickness of epicardial fat on the age at death, no is there any correlation between cause of death and thickness of the epicardial fat, and the epicardial fat is not diminished in deceased cancer patients. In the case of hypertrophy of the right ventricle there are no differences in the thickness of the fat layer as compared with the non-hypertrophic left ventricle. Chronic decompensated insufficiency of the right ventricle is associated with thinning of the fatty layer. No relationship is found between epicardial fat layer thickness and pathological silicosis in ex-miners.
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PMID:[Epicardial fatty tissue of the right ventricle--morphology, morphometry and functional significance]. 281 3

We studied 200 postmortem ureters from 100 adult men to test the hypotheses that ureteral pseudodiverticula (UPD) are more prevalent than clinically recognized, that UPD are secondary to chronic inflammations, and that they are associated with uroepithelial neoplasm. The ureters were inflated with 10% formaldehyde and fixed for 24 hours. One hundred sixteen ureters were drained and refilled with 25% diatrizoate sodium meglumine and radiographed before gross and microscopic pathologic examination. No radiographs of the remaining 84 ureters were obtained. UPD were identified pathologically in 11%. None of these patients had a history of upper urinary tract disease. UPD were smaller than those reported clinically and invariably were associated with focal microscopic ureteritis cystica and glandularis in ureters otherwise free of histologic abnormality. UPD displayed mild benign mucosal hyperplasia with invagination in the subepithelial connective tissue as well as impression and sometimes thinning of the muscularis propria but without penetration. No mucosal atypia or malignancy was seen. We postulate that UPD represent a proliferative response to focal inflammation resulting in intramural invasion producing elevation and thinning of the ureteral wall. Continued focal inflammation may be sustained by local urine stasis. Enlargement to clinically detectable size may be enhanced by more generalized disease such as clinical infection, stone, or obstruction.
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PMID:The pathology of ureteral pseudodiverticulosis. 313 3


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