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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-three well-trained rugby players, ranging in age from 18 to 30 years, were studied during basal training for one year. Peripheral blood parameters and iron metabolism indices were investigated before, during and at the end of the season. The hematologic status showed no substantial changes with respect to physical activity even if considered by age and team-role. However, a significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, plasma transferrin and ferritin, was observed when compared with those obtained from a group of healthy untrained controls. Since the decrease in serum iron and ferritin concentrations was significant so as to justify a similar reduction in Hb and Ht values, two pathogenic mechanisms must be considered: e.g., a moderate hemodilution secondary to plasma expansion combined with a decrease in iron stores caused by chronic iron loss through feces, profound sweat and urine. The present study demonstrates that mild anemia (sports anemia) may develop in well-trained rugby players with heavy physical work load, due to increased plasma volume with a relative thinning of RBCs. This pseudo-anemic condition is associated with a reduction in iron stores which can lead to a true iron-deficiency anemia. A yearly blood test and, if necessary, iron supplementation could prevent this condition.
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PMID:[Study of variations in hematologic parameters in rugby players undergoing physical training at a high altitude]. 276 60

Skull lesions known as porotic hyperostosis have been of interest to researchers since the mid-19th century. The etiology of porotic hyperostosis has long been a matter for speculation yet there has never been complete acceptance or substantiation of any one of the many theories proposed. Today the most widely accepted theory suggests that anemias of either acquired or genetic origin are responsible for porotic hyperostosis. The present study tests this hypothesis using criteria which were chosen after the examination of clinical radiographs of patients with various types of anemia. These criteria are: the presence of "hair-on-end" trabeculation, outer table thinning, texture changes, diploic thickening, orbital roof thickening, orbital rim changes, and the underdevelopment of frontal sinuses. A comparison of these criteria from the clinical X-rays with X-rays of skulls with porotic hyperostosis provides a more rigorous, repeatable, and standardized method upon which to base a diagnosis. This approach enables radiography to provide the necessary link between the clinical and anthropological with which to investigate the origin of porotic hyperostosis.
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PMID:A radiographic study of porotic hyperostosis. 332 83

Two young siblings had a syndrome of growth retardation, severe rickets, anemia, renal insufficiency, and renal tubular dysfunction, the last including acidosis, aminoaciduria, and polyuria. There was moderate psychomotor developmental delay. Neither child had cystinosis. Renal biopsy in the older child revealed severe glomerular abnormalities, with capillary wall thickening reminiscent of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The proximal convoluted tubules were lined with short, cuboidal cells containing mildly abnormal mitochondria. There was also thinning of brush border microvilli and basolateral infoldings, perhaps as the result of regressive changes, and interstitial fibrous tissue was moderately increased. The etiology of the tubular and glomerular changes is uncertain. We believe these patients represent a previously unreported hereditary syndrome sharing certain clinical features with severe nephropathic cystinosis.
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PMID:A familial syndrome of growth retardation, severe Fanconi-type renal disease and glomerular changes--a new entity? 372 23

In seven calves we studied experimental invasions by sporocysts of the Sarcocystis cruzi (S. bovicanis) species, isolated from faeces of dingo dogs. Out of clinical changes, an increase in body temperature to 39.6 to 40.5 degrees C is characteristic in the fourth to the eighth week of disease, relaxed attitude of animals, progressive thinning down, anaemia of mucous membranes, diarrhoea and total dehydration. The post-mortem examination completes this observation with generalized hyperplasia of lymphatic nodes to haemorrhagic lymphadenitis and small petechial haematomata on serous coats, particularly on epicardium. Schizonts in the endothelium of capillaries in various organs were evaluated as specific lesions, demonstrated within 26 days from invasion in one calf. From 46 days after invasion we found muscular cysts in three other calves. The titres of sera in all experimental calves obtained with the NFR method are also evaluated as specific. Invaded calves died gradually between the 26th and 59th day, control calves were slaughtered and no sarcocysts were found.
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PMID:[Development of sarcocystosis in experimentally infected calves]. 391 81

Whether the differences in progestin-estrogen formulations of oral contraceptives (OCs) lead to any clinically significant differences is an important question, even though the concept of "tailoring the pill to the patient" has assumed less importance as the hormonal dosages have decreased. Each component can be evaluated individually, but it is often difficult to predict the result of their combined action. All of the new low-dose formulations contain the same estrogen, ethinyl estradiol (EE). Although the type of progestin in low-dose OCs is probably of little significance for efficacy and cycle control, it may be more important in regard to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Combined OC therapy acts simultaneously at various levels of the reproductive system, and contraceptive efficacy of pills with less than 50 mcg of estrogen probably results from these combined actions. The action of estrogen and progesterone is synergistic: the sustained estrogen component exerts negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion, provides stability to the endometrium, and increases the potency of the progestational agent, while progestin can influence only estrogen-primed tissue. The progestin suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion; in addition, progestational influence dominates estrogenic influence in affecting the remainder of the reproductive system. Previous OC usage may delay pregnancy by several months but does not impair longterm fertility potential or increase congenital anomalies or abortions if conception occurs subsequent to the 1st post-pill cycle. Breakthrough bleeding, which occurs in 15% of users, is the single most frequent cause of pill discontinuation but appears to be of no medical consequence. Breakthrough bleeding and amenorrhea may be controlled by changing the pill formulation. Depression has been reported in 5% of OC users, but pill use appears to alleviate premenstrual tension. The individual patient's risk-benefit ratio must be considered when noncontraceptive uses of the pill are contemplated. OC use has been cited as a cure for dysmenorrhea, although the mechanism is uncertain. The possible preservation of fertility or prevention of progression of endometriosis with cyclic pill use should be investigated. The controlled sloughing of a uniformily thinning endometrium prevents and controls dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, and the anemia that results. Use of OCs has been recommended in treatment of hirsutism to suppress ovarian function when the hypersecretion of androgens is documented. Since both adrenal and ovarian androgens are often involved in hirsutism, the combined suppressive actions of OCs frequently are beneficial. Estrogens also decrease sebum production and often result in indirect acne improvement. Cyclic estrogen-progesterone therapy is recommended for inducing sexual maturation in primary amenorrhea secondary to gonadal failure.
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PMID:Formulation and noncontraceptive uses of the new, low-dose oral contraceptive. 623 95

The aim was to determine whether the fetal vasculature of the human placenta adapts in a uniform manner to different forms of hypoxic stress. Stereological analyses were performed on the intermediate and terminal villi of placentae obtained from each of the following conditions; high altitude (up to 2800 m), maternal iron-deficiency anaemia and pre-eclampsia. These conditions were taken to represent hypoxic, anaemic and ischaemic hypoxia, respectively. In each situation, there was a trend for the volume fraction of the fetal capillaries to be higher than in the controls, although the differences were statistically significant only for the cases of hypoxic and anaemia hypoxia. This was due, in part, to capillaries being of larger diameter. Evidence for capillary proliferation was inconsistent. At high altitude there was a trend for the capillary length density to be raised, but there was no change in the ratio of capillary:villous length. In both maternal anaemia and pre-eclampsia the capillary length density remained constant, but the ratio of capillary:villous length was significantly raised in the former. These results suggest that dilatation of the capillary sinusoids, with accompanying thinning of the villous membrane, is the principal adaptation to hypoxia under the conditions studied.
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PMID:Stereological evaluation of vascular adaptations in human placental villi to differing forms of hypoxic stress. 871 Aug 13

During 1990-1993, 83,000 ethnic Nepalese fled from Bhutan to refugee camps in southeast Nepal after new citizenship policies were enacted by the Bhutanese government. Although annual nutrition surveys of children aged <5 years had been conducted by international agencies, no anthropometric assessment of adolescents had been performed since the refugees arrived in 1990. After withdrawal of a fortified cereal from their rations, the number of reported cases of angular stomatitis (AS) (i.e., thinning and/or fissuring at the angles of the mouth, a sign of possible vitamin deficiency) increased six-fold during December 1998-March 1999 (from 5.5 to 35.6 cases per 1000 refugees) (Santa Tamang, MD, Save the Children Fund, United Kingdom, personal communication, 1999). The highest rates of AS were found among children and adolescents. In October 1999, CDC was invited by the World Food Programme and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to assess the health status of adolescent refugees. This report summarizes the investigation, which indicated a high prevalence of low body mass index (BMI), anemia, low vitamin A status, and signs of micronutrient deficiencies among adolescent refugees.
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PMID:Nutritional assessment of adolescent refugees--Nepal, 1999. 1103 93

Introduction. Nutritional deficiencies are rarely reported in developed countries. We report a child of Pakistani origin brought up in Dubai who developed skeletal manifestations of scurvy due to peculiar dietary habits. Case Presentation. A 4.5 year old boy presented with pain and swelling of multiple joints for three months and inability to walk for two months. Dietary history was significant for exclusive meat intake for the preceding two years. On examination the child's height and weight were below the 5th percentile for his age. He was pale and tachycardic. There was significant swelling and tenderness over the wrist, knee and ankle joints, along with painful restriction of motion. Basic blood workup was unremarkable except for anemia. However, X-rays showed delayed bone age, severe osteopenia of the long bones, epiphyseal separation, cortical thinning and dense zone of provisional calcification, suggesting a radiological diagnosis of scurvy. The child was started on vitamin C replacement therapy. Over the following two months, the pain and swelling substantially reduced and the child became able to walk. Repeat X-rays showed improvement in the bony abnormalities. Conclusion. Although scurvy is not a very commonly encountered entity in the modern era, inappropriate dietary intake can lead to skeletal abnormalities which may be confused with rickets. A high index of suspicion is thus required for prompt diagnosis of scurvy in patients with bone and joint symptoms.
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PMID:Skeletal manifestations of scurvy: a case report from dubai. 2325 26

At least a third of the blood supply in the world is used to transfuse 1-2 units of packed red blood cells for each intervention and most clinical trials of blood substitutes have been carried out at this level of oxygen carrying capacity (OCC) restoration. However, the increase of oxygenation achieved is marginal or none at all for molecular hemoglobin (Hb) products, due to their lingering vasoactivity. This has provided the impetus for the development of "oxygen therapeutics" using Hb-based molecules that have high oxygen affinity and target delivery of oxygen to anoxic areas. However it is still unclear how these oxygen carriers counteract or mitigate the functional effects of anemia due to obstruction, vasoconstriction and under-perfusion. Indeed, they are administered as a low dosage/low volume therapeutic Hb (subsequently further diluted in the circulatory pool) and hence induce extremely small OCC changes. Hyperviscous plasma expanders provide an alternative to oxygen therapeutics by increasing the oxygen delivery capacity (ODC); in anemia they induce supra-perfusion and increase tissue perfusion (flow) by as much as 50%. Polyethylene glycol conjugate albumin (PEG-Alb) accomplishes this by enhancing the shear thinning behavior of diluted blood, which increases microvascular endothelial shear stress, causes vasodilation and lowering peripheral vascular resistance thus facilitating cardiac function. Induction of supra-perfusion takes advantage of the fact that ODC is the product of OCC and blood flow and hence can be maintained by increasing either or both. Animal studies suggest that this approach may save a considerable fraction of the blood supply. It has an additional benefit of enhancing tissue clearance of toxic metabolites.
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PMID:Replacing the Transfusion of 1-2 Units of Blood with Plasma Expanders that Increase Oxygen Delivery Capacity: Evidence from Experimental Studies. 2535 Feb 67

We compared the blood thixotropic/shear-thinning properties and the red blood cells' (RBC) rheological properties between a group of patients with sickle cell anaemia (SS) and healthy individuals (AA). Blood thixotropy was determined by measuring blood viscosity with a capillary viscometer using a "loop" protocol: the shear rate started at 1 s-1 and increased progressively to 922 s-1 and then re-decreased to the initial shear rate. Measurements were performed at native haematocrit for the two groups and at 25% and 40% haematocrit for the AA and SS individuals, respectively. RBC deformability was determined by ektacytometry and RBC aggregation properties by laser backscatter versus time. AA at native haematocrit had higher blood thixotropic index than SS at native haematocrit and AA at 25% haematocrit. At 40% haematocrit, SS had higher blood thixotropic index than AA. While RBC deformability and aggregation were lower in SS than in AA, the strength of RBC aggregates was higher in the former population. Our results showed that 1) anaemia is the main modulator of blood thixtropy and 2) the low RBC deformability and high RBC aggregates strength cause higher blood thixotropy in SS patients than in AA individuals at 40% haematocrit, which could impact blood flow in certain vascular compartments.
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PMID:Blood thixotropy in patients with sickle cell anaemia: role of haematocrit and red blood cell rheological properties. 2550 28


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