Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of atrophic changes in veterinary animals following the sc administration of cystalline medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is reported. 2 daschunds who had been injected sc with MPA developed thinning of the skin, discoloration of the hair, and mobilization of subcutaneous fat. These changes were probably due to the antiinflammatory nature of the drug. Such effects do not occur with the im administration of MPA.
Vet Rec 1977 Jan 22
PMID:After-effect of injection. 83 19

We evaluated the effectiveness of the Universal stage, an instrument for measuring three-dimensional orientation of birefringent materials, for studying the collagen fabric in the wall of brain aneurysms. Vessels from autopsy were fixed at normal arterial distending pressure with 10% formalin, and prepared for polarized light microscopy, with paraffin embedding and staining with picrosirius red for birefringent enhancement. Quantitative data were obtained from tangential and oblique sections (7 microns thickness) of an intact 8 mm aneurysm, a 1.5 mm aneurysm, and a tangential section (3 microns thickness) of a cerebral artery. Sections of full-size aneurysms seen through the microscope, adjusted either for plane or circularly polarized light, revealed distinctive layers of collagen across the aneurysmal wall, which at higher magnification were further subdivided. Three-dimensional measurements, numbering 1,082, were made by use of the Universal stage attachment to the polarizing microscope. They were plotted by computer-controlled graphics on Lambert projections and analyzed by circular statistics. When assessed layer by layer, the collagen spanned a full range of orientations relative to the tangential plane. The circular standard deviation, a measure of the spread of alignment about the mean, was as low as 10 degrees for coherently organized collagen and as high as 40 degrees for the least coherently organized collagen, values characteristic of either the organized tunica media, or the least organized tunica adventitia of cerebral arteries. Although there was a marked thinning of the wall of one aneurysm, there was no evidence of structural weakness based only on the directional organization assessed by our measurements.
Anat Rec 1991 Dec
PMID:Layered collagen fabric of cerebral aneurysms quantitatively assessed by the universal stage and polarized light microscopy. 179 83

Polarised light biomicroscopy was used to examine the normal pre-corneal tear film in 21 eyes of 12 pekingese dogs. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of excessive exophthalmos on the pre-corneal tear film in the dog. The majority of the animals were found to have high levels of ocular surface contamination by particulate material and plaques of viscous mucus. Other abnormalities included surface lipid with an abnormal granular (three dogs) or 'curdled' (two dogs) appearance; excessive thinning of the lipid layer of the tear film; and the presence of dark globular structures in two dogs, which were presumed to be abnormal meibomian lipid. Break up of the tear film was observed in one dog. Grossly, a thread of viscous mucus was frequently observed along the margin of the lower eyelid. It is postulated that this thread forms because of the excessively exophthalmic conformation of the breed, which prevents the normal access of effete mucus and entrapped debris to the lower conjunctival fornix. The combination of the above factors in the pekingese is suggested as the mechanism whereby the tear film has a reduced stability, thus enhancing the risk from factors more usually considered to initiate corneal ulceration in the breed. The possible adverse effects of lid splitting for the mass removal of distichiae in exophthalmic dogs is discussed.
Vet Rec 1989 Apr 01
PMID:Biomicroscopy of the tear film: the tear film of the pekingese dog. 271 23

A light and electron microscopic examination of area 17 of the visual cortex in well-fixed young (5-6 years) and old (25-35 years) rhesus monkeys was carried out to determine the effects of age on neurons. The analyses were made in a portion of area 17 on the lateral surface of the hemisphere just caudal to the lunate sulcus. Light microscopic measurements of the mean cortical depth in vertically oriented 1-micron-thick sections reveal no obvious thinning with age, and the mean diameters of neuronal nuclei do not change with age. On the basis of counts of neuronal profiles containing nuclei in 250-microns-wide strips of 1-micron-thick sections passing through the entire depth of the cortex, no significant neuronal loss could be detected. These findings are consistent with our electron microscopic observations on this area of the cortex, for in the old monkeys the neurons show little cytological evidence of advanced age beyond the presence of a few lipofuscin granules, although the neuropil contains some profiles of degenerating small-caliber dendrites, myelinated axons, and a few axon terminals. Large vacuoles, some 10 microns or more in diameter, are present in the neuropil of the old animals. Some of these vacuoles appear to represent a late stage in the degeneration of myelinated axons, for they are bounded by a thin, laminated sheath. Other large vacuoles, of unknown origin, often contain membranous debris and have an attenuated limiting membrane. It is concluded that the cell bodies of neurons in area 17 of old rhesus monkeys do not show significant structural changes due to age, although some of the neuronal processes in the neuropil are affected.
Anat Rec 1989 Mar
PMID:Effects of aging on the neurons within area 17 of rhesus monkey cerebral cortex. 292 84

The use of the streptozotocin rat model for diabetes has been questioned by the appearance of extrapancreatic cytotoxicity, notably renal and hepatic. In this study the model was made specific to diabetic, drug-induced, and starvation effects on parameters of testicular histology. Formulation of orthogonal contrast expressions permitted the statistical separation of these influences. Tubules from moderately diabetic animals showed frequent thinning, and premature desquamation of pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids from the germinal epithelium. Results showed that only diabetes significantly decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and increased testicular blood vessel numbers. In addition, significant alteration from the control pattern of tubule stage distribution was noted, particularly at stages IX-XI. Due to the inclusion of a drug-treated but nondiabetic group, streptozotocin itself was shown to have no significant effect on these parameters.
Anat Rec 1986 Apr
PMID:Testicular histology in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 293 78

The purpose of this paper was to describe the remodeling of adult coxofemoral articular cartilage (AC) in response to altered weight bearing. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral hindpaw transection at the distal tibiofibular junction (AmpCont group); another group of eight rats served as normal controls (Norm group). Subpopulations of both groups were injected with 35SO4 24 hr before harvest. All femora were harvested after 8 weeks. Safranin O stained longitudinal sections were used to determine AC thickness, cellularity, and proteoglycan (PG) staining. Regional grain counting was performed on autoradiographs. Analysis of the data revealed that the AC of Norm hips in the region near the fovea capitis femoris was significantly thicker, had a lower cell density, a greater PG density, and a lower 35SO4 incorporation rate per chondrocyte than the AC of the Norm lateral edge region. The intact limbs of the AmpCont animals demonstrated a relative thinning of the AC near the fovea capitis femoris, compared with the edge region, and reduced 35SO4 incorporation rate in the lateral edge region, compared with normal values. The operated limb of the AmpCont animals displayed a relative increase of PG density in the edge region compared with the foveal region and a reduced 35SO4 incorporation rate in the lateral edge region, compared with normal values. We concluded that rat coxofemoral AC responds bilaterally to unilateral hindpaw amputation through appropriate morphologic remodeling.
Anat Rec 1988 Jun
PMID:Unilateral hindpaw amputation causes bilateral articular cartilage remodeling of the rat hip joint. 341 81

Implantation sites from rats were studied on days 6, 7, and 8 of pregnancy to determine the sequence of events in the formation of blood spaces in the trophoblast that is part of the parietal wall of the yolk sac placenta and to determine how trophoblast gains access to maternal blood. The maternal blood flowing through these spaces is the source of nutrients that reach the embryo via the visceral endoderm. Tissues were prepared for light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Trophoblast blood spaces are derived from the lateral intercellular spaces of trophoblast cells and are present in a collapsed condition until day 8, when maternal vessels are tapped by trophoblast. These spaces then contain circulating maternal blood, and trophoblast cells reflect adaptations for metabolic exchange including thinning of trophoblast covering Reichert's membrane and the appearance of numerous fenestrations, with and without diaphragms, in the areas where trophoblast is attenuated. Between days 6 and 7 decidual cells appear to form a barrier between the maternal circulation and trophoblast. On day 7, however, decidual cell processes penetrate the residual uterine luminal epithelial basal lamina, and then the decidual cells that are juxtaposed to trophoblast undergo degradative changes that resemble apoptosis. There is condensation of cytoplasmic contents, fragmentation of the cells, and phagocytosis of the fragments by trophoblast. Some decidual cells are interposed between endothelial cells in the walls of maternal vessels as early as day 7. Trophoblast may gain access to the maternal vessels by replacing decidual cells or by direct imposition of trophoblast cell processes between endothelial cells.
Anat Rec 1987 Feb
PMID:Trophoblast-decidual cell interactions and establishment of maternal blood circulation in the parietal yolk sac placenta of the rat. 357 38

The effects of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, on the preovulatory morphology of apical follicle walls have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Immature mice, superovulated with 5 IU pregnant mare serum (PMS) followed 40 hours later by 80 IU luteinizing hormone (LH) were treated with either 10 mg/kg indomethacin or an equivalent volume of the indomethacin vehicle 10 minutes prior to LH. Follicular apices from both groups were compared at 12 hours post-LH. Indomethacin treatment suppressed many of the morphological changes normally occurring in the apex during preovulatory development. Whereas apices from vehicle-treated animals demonstrated marked deterioration, dissociation, and thinning of tissue, the cell layers of apices from indomethacin-treated animals remained thickened and tightly packed, with limited signs of disruption. The results presented herein are consistent with the idea that prostaglandins are essential mediators of ovulation and suggest that these lipids augment apical rupture by mobilizing granulosa cells and stimulating the loss of connective tissue elements.
Anat Rec 1983 Feb
PMID:An ultrastructural study of preovulatory apical development in mouse ovarian follicles: effects of indomethacin. 684 67

The ultrastructure of the oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from its initial formation (stage 8) to its complete disappearance (stage 20) in the chick embryo. Thinning of the oral membrane prior to rupture occurs in large measure by increased interdigitation between cells of the stomodeal ectoderm and foregut endoderm coincident with a decrease in the width of the intervening extracellular space. Large numbers of necrotic cells were not observed. Interdigitation of ectodermal and endodermal cells makes it increasingly difficult to discern two discrete epithelia, and no evidence that one germ layer disappears prior to the other was observed. Changes occurred in the fine structure of the extracellular matrix during formation and rupture of the oral membrane, and the organization of this material within the oral membrane differed from that in regions immediately lateral to it. Copious amounts of amorphous, flocculant ("lamina-like") material are present within the oral membrane at all stages. The basal lamina of the ectoderm exhibits small loops or folds at early stages. These decrease in number as the basal lamina becomes discontinuous prior to establishment of direct intercellular contact between cells of the ectoderm and endoderm across the intervening extracellular compartment. Initial perforations of the oral membrane are preceded by clefts between cells on both sides of this structure, and SEM observations suggest that cells of the oral membrane continue to interdigitate, elongate, and change relative positions during the rupture process.
Anat Rec 1980 Aug
PMID:The ultrastructure of oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane formation and rupture in the chick embryo. 721 97

Progressive retinal atrophy of the late onset type was diagnosed in 51 Tibetan spaniels in Norway and Sweden. At the time of diagnosis they were between three and seven years old; however, early ophthalmoscopic changes caused by the thinning of the retina could sometimes be difficult to observe because of the partial or total lack of the tapetum in many of the dogs. The disease developed rapidly, approximately one year passing from the initial clinical signs of night blindness to complete loss of vision. Twenty-four male and 27 female dogs were affected. All the affected dogs were interrelated and could be traced back to common English ancestors. On the basis of pedigree studies, an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is postulated. Information on 15 diagnosed cases of the condition in other countries shows that the disease may be considered a worldwide problem in the Tibetan spaniel.
Vet Rec 1994 Apr 09
PMID:Progressive retinal atrophy in the Tibetan spaniel in Norway and Sweden. 800 1


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