Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the relationships between the changes in bone mineral deficit in the radius, determined by single-energy photon absorptiometry at standard proximal and distal sites, and in the ilium, determined by bone histomorphometry, during the treatment of osteomalacia of diverse etiology in 28 patients. In the ilium, relative osteoid volume decreased by 75-80% in both cortical bone (from 6.0% to 1.5%) and trabecular bone (from 30.1% to 6.6%) during a mean treatment duration of 2 yr. There was also a significant fall in iliac cortical porosity from 10.3% to 7.8%. As a result, mineralized bone volume increased by 7.5% in cortical and by 40.1% in trabecular bone; the cortical and trabecular increments were correlated (r = 0.69, P less than 0.001). The properly weighted increase for the entire tissue sample was 18.6%. By contrast, there was no change in bone mineral at either radial site, although there was a 2% increase at both sites when allowance was made for age-related bone loss during treatment. The proximal and distal age-adjusted increments was correlated (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001), but there was no correlation between the changes in any photon absorptiometric and any histomorphometric index. In that iliac cortical bone turnover in normal subjects was 7.2%/yr, we estimated the rate of bone turnover to be less than 2%/yr at both proximal and distal radial sites, including any trabecular bone present at the distal site. Compared to appropriate control subjects, the bone mineral deficits fell during treatment from 19.2% to 17.1% at the proximal radius (greater than 95% cortical bone) and from 20.5% to 18.5% at the distal radius (greater than 75% cortical bone). In the ilium the deficits, assuming attainment of normal values for osteoid volume and cortical porosity, fell from 41.7% to 36.1% in cortical and from 31.5% to 6.3% in trabecular bone, the properly weighted combined deficit falling from 38.6% to 27.7%. The irreversible iliac cortical deficit was entirely due to cortical thinning because of increased net endosteal resorption; the resultant expansion of the marrow cavity offset the modest loss of fractional trabecular mineralized bone. We conclude: in osteomalacia there is a large irreversible and a small reversible bone mineral deficit at both proximal and distal radial sites, in similar proportion to the iliac cortex but of smaller magnitude; the anatomic basis of the irreversible bone mineral deficit at all three sites that persists despite correction of the mineralization defect by appropriate treatment is thinning of cortical bone, most likely owing to prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism; (c) there is no evidence that the proportion of trabecular bone in the distal radius at any site proximal to the radioulnar joint has any relevance to the interpretation of measurements made at that site; (d) there are at least three functional subdivisions of trabecular bone depending on proximity to hematopoietic marrow, fatty marrow, or synovium; and (e) single photon absorptiometry of the radius is an excellent method for measuring cortical bone mass in the appendicular skeleton, but is of little value for the assessment of changes in trabecular bone status.
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PMID:Irreversible bone loss in osteomalacia. Comparison of radial photon absorptiometry with iliac bone histomorphometry during treatment. 407 86

When an arthroplasty is needed to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the use of a component that replaces or resurfaces only the femoral head is often considered as an alternative to total hip replacement if the acetabulum appears radiographically normal. However, the long-term results of the use of endoprostheses have often been poor, secondary in part to progressive degeneration of the acetabular cartilage and to protrusio acetabuli. To help to explain these observations, we examined the acetabular cartilage in forty-one hips in which a primary total hip replacement had been performed because of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in association with a radiographically normal acetabulum. The cartilage in the superior, weight-bearing region of the acetabulum was grossly abnormal in forty of the forty-one hips and it was histologically abnormal in all thirty-three hips that were so evaluated. In all but one hip, gross degeneration of the cartilage was apparent, involving less than 20 percent of the acetabulum; the degeneration was graded as mild (superficial fibrillation and slight irregularity of the surface) in sixteen hips, moderate (moderate fibrillation, alteration in color and consistency, and thinning of cartilage without complete erosion to bone) in twenty hips, and severe (marked fibrillation, alteration in color and consistency, and marked thinning of cartilage with areas of complete erosion to bone) in four hips. These observations emphasize the fact that radiographs cannot demonstrate early degeneration of cartilage and that, by the time that an arthroplasty is needed, degenerative changes are already present in the acetabular cartilage of a high percentage of hips with osteonecrosis, even when radiographs of the acetabulum show no abnormalities. These findings should be kept in mind when a decision is being made regarding which type of arthroplasty should be done in a patient who has osteonecrosis of the femoral head and regarding when to do the procedure.
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PMID:Acetabular involvement in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. 1068 39

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a sporadic benign skeletal disorder that can affect one bone (monostotic form) or multiple bones (polyostotic bone). Around 6-20% of monostotic FD occurs in the ribs. The objective of this study was to report our experience in the management of the monostotic FD of the ribs. Between January 2004 and December 2009, seven cases of FD of the rib (six men and one woman, mean age 30.4 years, range 17-40 years) were operated on. The patients were evaluated with plain radiographs and computer tomography (CT). All our patients were symptomatic; two patients presented chest pain and swelling and other patients presented only chest pain. One rib was involved in all our patients (monostotic form): the site was fifth rib (four cases), sixth rib (two cases) or second rib (one case). Radiologically, plain films and CT showed an expansible lesion with a ground-glass centre and thinning of the cortex. Rib resection was performed in all patients; there were no postoperative complications and no recurrence in all cases at mean 43 month follow-up. In symptomatic monostotic FD of ribs, the involved segment of bone may be excised to rule out malignancy and for painful lesions.
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PMID:Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the ribs. 2210 45