Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Secondary prevention, detection and treatment at an early stage, may be the only means of controlling breast cancer. This is rational behind screening for breast cancer. We have previously reported that CEA measurement in nipple discharge is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer. As an extension, a dot-immunobinding assay was developed to screen a large number of patients with nipple discharge for nonpalpable breast cancer. This article is a review of the current status of CEA assay in nipple discharge for mass screening of breast cancer. False positive and negative cases will be also described.
 ...
PMID:[Tumor markers. Personal experience--screening of breast cancer by determining CEA in nipple discharge]. 199 27

Certified nurse-midwives provide primary care for women. An essential part of a physical examination is a complete assessment of the breasts. Normal breasts and their variations and deviations are discussed, with particular attention paid to breast pain, masses, and nipple discharge, and the clinical implications of each. In addition, the demographics, risk factors, staging criteria, and treatment modalities of breast cancer are presented.
 ...
PMID:Breast disease. The role of the nurse-midwife. 200 96

The detection of breast cancer in women under 35 is quite an uncommon event, accounting only for 3.2-3.4% of all breast cancers. To determine the indications for mammography in women under 35, the authors correlated clinical, mammographic, and US findings with fine-needle aspiration/surgical biopsy and follow-up results in 1040 symptomatic women examined at the Center of Senology of the Institute of Radiology-University of Perugia, Italy, from 1984 to June 1990. Of 1040 women, 482 (41.6%) had normal findings; benign disease was diagnosed in 558 (53.7%) cases, and malignant disease in 49 (4.7%). Mammography was very useful to diagnose malignancy in palpable breast lesions, as well as to suggest the need for biopsy, to detect metachronous cancers and to define lesion sizes. In inflammatory process--e.g., mastitis and abscesses--both mammography and US were capable of evaluating the real extent of the process, as well as its remission after therapy. Galactography had a specific role in the evaluation of the mammary duct and demonstrated intraductal pathologic conditions. In the authors' experience, mammography never showed occult breast cancers in women with no palpable breast lesions or hematic nipple discharge.
 ...
PMID:[Role of mammography in women under 35 years of age]. 200 38

Three hundred and thirty-six patients with nipple discharge and neither physical signs at breast examination nor pathological findings at mammography, were observed from 1984 to 1988 and studied by means of ductogalactography and cytology of discharge. Of this group, 76 patients (22.6%) underwent surgery and histology. In 65/76 cases proliferative pathologic conditions were demonstrated: 51 single/multiple papillomas and 14 carcinomas. Ductogalactography suggested proliferative pathologic conditions in 59 cases and cytology of discharge showed blood in 44 patients, papillary clusters in 23, and atypical cells in 15 (both as single occurrences and in association). In cancer patients discharge appeared to be mostly spontaneous, monoductal and blood-stained. In papillomas, induced discharge was almost as frequent as spontaneous discharge, serous discharge was almost as frequent as blood-stained discharge, and milky discharge was also present. Ductogalactography confirmed its value in the diagnosis of proliferative pathologic conditions of the mammary ducts, being especially useful to detect carcinomas without palpable tumors. Cytology of discharge had poorer diagnostic significance.
 ...
PMID:[Proliferative pathology of the mammary ducts. Diagnostic value of ductogalactography and cytologic correlations]. 205 82

The features of ductal adenoma of the breast, a solid intraductal tumor, include the following: arrays of long, straight, narrow, roughly parallel tubules composed of distinct epithelial and myoepithelial cells; a modest amount of fibrous tissue that separates the ducts from one another; and a fibrous capsule. We found this neoplasm in four women (ages 27 through 61 years) who had the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas, an autosomal dominant familial syndrome. The lesion was bilateral in two of the women. Each of the patients had mammary myxoid mesenchymal lesions typical of the complex. Two tumors were symptomatic (bloody nipple discharge); the four others were not. Five of the six tumors formed palpable masses that were located close to the areola. The mammograms suggested carcinoma. On microscopic examination, four of the six adenomas were mistaken for carcinoma; none recurred or metastasized. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the ductal adenoma of the breast is a component of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas.
 ...
PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast with tubular features. A probable component of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas. 206 10

The great majority of patients with an early-stage breast cancer can be successfully treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy (CS + RT). Careful clinical, radiologic, and pathologic assessment of the tumor's extent and characteristics is the key to appropriate patient selection. While disagreements remain, some guidelines for who should not be so treated have emerged. Patients with multiple palpable or radiologically detected lesions or widespread microcalcifications of the breast ordinarily should undergo mastectomy. Patients who present with a nipple discharge or subareolar mass are not suitable candidates for CS + RT unless nipple-areolar resection is acceptable to the patient. The role of pathologic margins in treatment selection remains controversial. The authors believe that margins have clinical meaning only when interpreted in relation to the histology of the primary tumor and that "negative" margins are not always needed to achieve a high rate of local tumor control.
 ...
PMID:Selection of patients with early-stage breast cancer for conservative surgery and radiation. 214 67

1. A detoxification trial was administered to a female worker from a capacitor factory who had been exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other lipophilic industrial chemicals. 2. The patient presented with severe abdominal complaints, chloracne, liver abnormalities, and a spontaneous nipple discharge of approximately 50 ml d-1. 3. PCB levels were high in adipose tissue (102 mg kg-1), serum, (512 micrograms l-1), skin lipids (66.3 mg kg-1), and in the nipple discharge (712 micrograms l-1). 4. The patient's history, the medical evaluation and prior unsuccessful symptomatic treatments were indicative of consequences elicited by occupational exposure to chemicals. 5. Detoxification treatment reduced the PCB levels in adipose tissue to 37.4 mg kg-1 and in serum to 261 micrograms l-1, a 63% and 49% reduction, respectively. 6. The nipple discharge ceased and the symptoms improved. 7. Excretion of intact PCBs in sebum was appreciable before treatment and was enhanced by up to five-fold during detoxification. 8. This therapeutic approach appears promising for cases involving occupational exposure to lipophilic chemicals.
 ...
PMID:PCB reduction and clinical improvement by detoxification: an unexploited approach? 214 11

We report on 156 consecutive cases of in situ ductal carcinoma (DCIS) of the breast observed from 1968 to 1988. The relative frequency of DCIS was much higher in screened, with respect to self-referred, women and a significant association of DCIS with younger age was observed. The combined use of mammography and physical examination identified 138 of 156 total DCIS cases as suspicious. Mammography, physical examination or cytology (of nipple discharge or needle aspirate) were the only tests to provide suspicious evidence in 35, 22 and four cases respectively. DCIS was a relatively unexpected surgical finding in 13 apparently benign cases. Different surgical options were recorded in the study period but a temporal trend in favour of conservative surgery was evident. Subsequent ipsilateral or contralateral breast cancer was recorded in seven and six cases respectively. Death from breast cancer occurred in five cases, all of whom had contralateral or subsequent ipsilateral infiltrating cancer. This figure confirms the high curability of DCIS if local control is achieved.
 ...
PMID:In situ ductal carcinoma of the breast--analysis of clinical presentation and outcome in 156 consecutive cases. 216 53

The authors report 46 cases of nipple discharge without any palpable lesion. The diagnostic is made, most of the time, by 3-views bilateral mammograms. The place of other examinations (ultrasonography, galactography) is reported. The cytology of the discharge, as well as its macroscopic appearance (bloody, serous or greenish), determine the surgical indications. Quadrantectomy centered around the discharging duct, is the procedure of choice in this disease, at the interface between diagnostic and treatment, in fact, if benign tumors (papillomas) or non tumoral diseases (fibrocystic mastopathy and duct ectasia) predominate, invasive or in-situ malignant lesions represent 13 p. cent of these 46 discharges, justifying the significance of this clinical sign.
 ...
PMID:[Nipple discharge without palpable tumor. Apropos of 46 cases]. 216 75

Sixteen cases of male breast cancer seen over a 20-year period were reviewed. The causes of cancer of the male breast are no better understood, but major alterations in hormonal environment could be a significant factor. Some clinical characteristics correspond well with the results of other series. The median age at presentation was 61.7 years. The most frequent initial symptom was a painless mass, and the incidences of nipple discharge, central tumor location, and axillary node involvement were high. Males also had a higher incidence of local advancement which was associated with a longer delay in seeking treatment and small breast tissue. The pathologic type was infiltrating ductal type in all cases except one, and all cases showed favorable nuclear grade. Estrogen receptor analysis was performed from the tumor of 2 patients. Both of them showed a high receptor level. There was no locoregional relapse in 5 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy in contrast to the 2 relapses in 3 patients who underwent surgery alone. And three of the five patients who received radiotherapy suffered from systemic metastasis which suggested the important role of adjuvant chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy. In light of the encouraging results about adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment for female breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement, it would be desirable to extend this policy to male breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Male breast cancer--a 20-year review of 16 cases at Yonsei University. 217 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>