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Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case has been described where cytologic examination first showed a fungus infection as the possible cause of a nipple discharge of long duration. The discharge was found to be associated with Pityrosporum orbiculare, Micrococcus tetragenes and Staphylococci (coagulase negative). Administration of an antibiotic that inhibited the bacteria cured the condition.
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PMID:Cytopathology of nipple discharge due to Pityrosporum orbiculare and cocci in an elderly woman. 4 60

Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women, and 6% will develop it during their normal life expectancy. There is a group who have a high risk of developing breast cancer. The recent improvement in cure rates seems to be jue chiefly to earlier diagnosis rather than to improved methods of therapy. The physician, by careful periodic breast examinations and by the judicious use of diagnostic aids such as mammography and thermography, especially in the high risk group, has a golden opportunity to pick up cancer in a localized stage where the prognosis for cure with appropriate therapy is excellent. A tentative diagnosis of breast cancer (Table XI) can be made with a fair degree of accuracy by taking a careful history, utilizing and combining available statistics about the frequency, median age, characteristic symptom complexes of the common breast lesions and factors related to a high mammary carcinoma risk, and by a systematic and thorough breast examination supplemented with diagnostic aids when appropriate. However, biopsy and histologic examination is mandatory in all patients with a) true, three dimentional, dominant lumps even if diagnostic aids are negative except for cysts which can be safely aspirated under controlled conditions; b) suspicious lesions found by diagnostic aids even though there are no clinical findings; c) serous, serosanguineous, bloody, or watery nipple discharge; and d) other signs of cancer, i.e. eczema of the nipple, axillary adenopathy, etc., in order to determine with absolute accuracy whether the lesion is benign or malignant.
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PMID:Clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. 16 76

Carcinoma of the breast is relatively uncommon in men. Represents somewhere between 0.9 to 1.5 of all tumors of the breast. Most patients are within the 7th to 8th decade of life. The most common symptoms at the time of presentation are a tumor mass in either breast, ulceration of the nipple or nipple retraction or fixation of the skin. Extension to the axiliar nodes takes place early in the course of the disease. The presence of nipple discharge should be considered expression of carcinoma of the breast unless otherwise proven. The final diagnosis is established by biopsy. The most common form of carcinoma of the breast is the ductal carcinoma. The surgical management takes basically that followed in carcinoma of the breast in the female patient. Also orquiectomy has been used which is equivalent to ovariectomy in woman. In the presence of metastasis both estrogens and androgens have been used. Hypophysectomy and post-op radiation therapy has been used. Most recently chemotherapy has been widely used in those cases with widespread metastasis. However, in spite of all these efforts carcinoma of the breast in the male still carries a very serious prognosis. We present our experience in 16 cases.
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PMID:[Breast cancer in men]. 23 66

A clinical and galactographic investigation was carried out on 103 patients with hematic, serous-hematic, and serous nipple discharge. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 72 years. A single papilloma was found in 20 cases, diffuse papillomatosis in 2 cases, atypical ductal hyperplasia in 8 cases, and ductal carcinoma in 4 cases (3 of these were infiltrating and 1 was noninfiltrating associated with a diffuse papillomatosis). Mammography gave no indications of carcinoma in any of the 4 cases. In the remaining 49 patients, pictures of ductal hyperplasia, periductal mastitis or sclerosis, sclerosing adenosis, or ductal ectasia were observed. The various types of lesions were often associated. Lacunae, stenosis, or occlusion of the ducts, evidenced by galactography, correlated well with the histologic findings of proliferative lesions of the ductal epithelium. Nevertheless, in practice, it should be the type of discharge that indicates surgery rather than galactographic or cytologic data, which appeared to have little diagnostic value. The frequency with which preneoplastic (or limit) lesions, and also nonsuspect carcinomas were found in patients with a significant nipple discharge confirm the importance of this symptom for a secondary prevention of early diagnosis of mammary neoplastic lesions originating from galactophorous ducts. Finally, complete resection of the galactophorous ducts must be considered as the best treatment in all patients with a suspicious nipple discharge that requires surgery.
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PMID:Nipple discharge as a sign of preneoplastic lesions and occult carcinoma of the breast: clinical and galactographic study in 103 consecutive patients. 38 91

The pathologic diagnosis of 282 consecutive breast lesions seen in 255 black patients over a 3-year period (January 1975-December 1977) at Harlem Hospital Center were reviewed and analyzed. The most common lesion was fibroadenoma, accounting for 34.7% of all lesions and 48% of benign breast lesions, followed by carcinoma (28%) and fibrocystic disease (17%). Other major benign breast lesions in order of frequency were intraductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, chronic mastitis, and fat necrosis. One each of the following rare lesions was observed: papillomatosis, ducatal ectasia, cystosarcoma phylloides, and granular cell tumor. Multiple lesions were found in 1 or both breasts in 15% of all benign breast disease cases, with fibroadenoma being the most common lesion. 94% of the patients presented with a breast mass, 5% with nipple discharge, 5% with pain, and 2% with a history of trauma to the breast. The lesions varied in size from 0.5-10 cm, and had been present for a few days to 20 years before medical treatment was sought. The upper quadrant of the breast was the most common site for lesions. Peak age incidence for all benign breast lesions was 20-35 years; for fibroadenoma, peak age incidence was 16-25 years and for fibrocystic disease, 40-50 years. The surgical literature shows that in a predominantly white population, peak age of incidence for benign lesions is 30-49 years; this disparity in age distribution may be due to the high percentage of adolescent patients with fibroadenoma in the Harlem Hospital series. Median age of patients with breast carcinoma in this series is 61 years. 24 patients (13.7%) with benign breast disease had taken oral contraceptives before the breast biopsies were performed. However, the study population is to small and follow-up time to short to draw any conclusion regarding the relation of oral contraceptive use to the subsequent development of breast cancer. This study shows that compared to the white population, fibroadenoma is more frequent than cancer in black women while cancer is more frequent than fibroadenoma in white women.
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PMID:Analysis of benign breast lesions in blacks. 45 72

Galactography is a quick effective means of evaluating nipple discharge. It is especially indicated when the effluent is bloody. A description of the procedure is discussed. The radiographic findings in both normal and abnormal studies are presented. Abnormal findings include filling defects, duct cut-off, duct encasement, extravasation, and duct ectasia. The radiographic diagnosis corresponded with pathologic findings in 12 of 16 cases (75%), although in two cases no radiographic or pathologic abnormality was found to explain the bloody discharge.
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PMID:Galactography. 54 61

Due to the exfoliative cytology of the nipple discharge, intracanalicular proliferations within the millimeter range can be detected. Accordingly, this diagnostic method is firmly integrated in the mammary early diagnostics. Within the period reported on so far 3420 women with a pathological secretion could be examined. In 1669 cases there was a bilateral secretion. Thus, altogether 5089 mammae could be cytologically explored. Mammary cytodiagnostics was centered on the bleeding mamma, the myotheliae and galactophoritis. In addition exfoliative cytology can also yield some other diagnostic results, such as the detection of fungiproved in respective cultures. Galactography which was performed in 1053 cases, may be considered to be the only diagnostic consequence resulting from a pathological cytotest. Every 6th galactogram had to be judged as being pathological, and every 5th galactogram histologically clarified revealed a malignant or premalignant proliferation. Accordingly, women manifesting a pathological secretion should be regarded as risk-patients.
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PMID:[Exfoliative cytology of nipple discharge (author's transl)]. 56 79

Three cases of inflammatory duct ectasia occurring in the male breast are described. The clinical presentation of the disease in the male closely resembles that in the female. Nipple retraction, nipple discharge, periareolar inflammation and bilateral involvement are all seen. Conservation measures produced unsatisfactory results similar to those in women. A similar operative approach to that used in women is advocated.
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PMID:Duct ectasia in the male. 57 46

In cytological examinations of 7,739 women with nipple discharge 90 cases of galactophoritis were found. Additional diagnostic methods, especially galactography in 24 patients could classify the galactophoritis as a symptom of mastopathy. Cytophotometrical and bacteriological examinations of the galactophoritical discharge supported this. Based on enlarged galactographical-histological comparative investigations milk duct cysts and dilatations in the galactograms were shown to be typical roentgenmorphological signs of mastopathy. It was therefore possible to classify the cytological picture of the galactophoritis.
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PMID:[The galactophoritis--a cytological symptom of mastopathy (author's transl)]. 57 58

Data of the examination of 143 patients with limited forms of cancer and benign tumors of the mammary gland have been analysed. Mention is made of certain difficulties in establishing the differential diagnosis of such tumors based only on the clinical symptoms. The tumorigenesis may be established by using some accessory diagnostic methods: a cytological test of the tumor punctate and the breast nipple discharge, as well as a sectorial resection of the involved mammary gland portion with an express histological analysis of the preparation. Mammography aids to precisely determine the tumor size. Clinically, the true proliferation of the tumor is difficult to recognize, but it may be recognized after radical mastectomy and histological investigation of the whole preparation.
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PMID:[Clinical symptoms of cancer and precancerous diseases of the breast]. 69 21


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