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Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benign breast disease includes all nonmalignant conditions of the breast, including benign tumors, trauma, mastalgia, mastitis, and nipple discharge. Benign tumors include pathologic changes that do not increase a patient's risk for developing cancer, lesions that confer a slightly increase risk, and lesions that are associated with an up to 50% risk of developing breast cancer. Both benign and malignant breast disorders can present with a palpable mass; skin dimpling, thickening, or erythema; pain; nipple discharge and inversion or distortion; or an abnormal screening mammogram with no clinical findings. Tools available to investigate breast problems include clinical breast examination, mammogram, and ultrasound. This article discusses the gynecologist's role in maintaining breast health, the clinical evaluation of breast problems, and management of benign breast disease.
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PMID:Benign breast disease. 1848 42

Breast ductoscope is a fiberoptic endoscope used for examining the distal breast ducts under direct vision in order to identify the source of pathologic nipple discharge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of intra-operative breast ductoscopy in patients with pathologic nipple discharge, which could not be identified by radiologic tests. Between April 2002 and March 2007, breast ductoscopy was performed in 34 patients who had pathologic nipple discharge with no radiologic evidence about the source. The procedures were carried out under general anesthesia and ductoscopic findings were as well as the histopathology of the specimens were recorded and documented. In 88%, (30 of 34) of the patients, endoscope was successfully introduced into the external orifice of the ducts at the nipple and proximal breast ducts were successfully visualized. Ductoscopy revealed intraductal lesions (i.e., ductal obstruction, intraductal papilloma, red patches, and erythematoid platter) in 20 patients (66%). Among the 20 patients with visible endoluminal pathology, nine had a papilloma and eight had signs of either acute inflammation (bleeding, erythema) or previous inflammation with healing (adhesions and blocked ducts). In two cases, invasive breast carcinoma was identified, one of which was ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with minimal invasion. In both cases, there had been blocked ducts. In one case DCIS was identified. Breast ductoscopy is a reliable and easy-to-use method to demonstrate the source of pathologic nipple discharge in cases with bleeding and other intraductal lesions.
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PMID:The value of breast ductoscopy in radiologically negative spontaneous/persistent nipple discharge. 1947 Jan 39

Breast cancer is uncommon in pregnancy, but obstetrical care providers should nevertheless be familiar with the presenting signs and symptoms. The incidence of breast cancer in pregnancy and the postpartum period ranges from 2.3 to 40 cases per 100 000 women. Over 90% of patients with breast cancer in pregnancy or during lactation present with a palpable mass, and most often (84%) these are self-reported by patients. Less frequently, breast cancer will present as breast erythema, breast swelling, bloody nipple discharge, or local or distant metastasis. The histology of tumours appears to be similar in women who are pregnant or recently delivered and in age-matched women who are not pregnant. However, the stage of disease at diagnosis is more advanced in women who are pregnant or recently delivered and consequently incurs a worst prognosis, likely due to a delay in diagnosis. Although the majority of palpable breast masses are benign, breast examinations should routinely be performed in pregnant women, and identified masses should be promptly evaluated.
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PMID:Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a review for the obstetrical care provider. 2192 86