Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was aimed at determining the role of high-frequency (7.5 MHz) US combined with cytology in the diagnosis of complex breast nodules (complex cysts--cystic tumors). The study population included 60 patients presenting with complex breast nodules selected on the basis of US patterns among 3,000 cases. All patients were also submitted to US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Cytology of nipple discharge was always performed when discharge was present (15 cases), mammography was performed in 50 cases and pneumocystography in 10. US allowed the identification of the lesion in all patients and the diagnosis of nature in 73%; with FNAB the figure reached 96.7%. Mammography identified the lesion in 95% of patients, but failed to reveal the complex nature of the nodule. In a small number of cases mammography proved to be a useful complementary tool demonstrating malignant features not recognizable on US images. On the contrary, pneumocystography yielded no further information with respect to US. Diagnostic control was obtained by means of surgery in 30 patients and of clinical-US follow-up in the extant 30 cases. On the basis of their US features the lesions were classified into two groups: I) nodules having a mainly liquid component--i.e., hemorrhagic, septic, multilocular cysts, papillary cystadenoma; II) nodules having a mainly solid component--i.e., solitary intraductal papilloma, intracystic carcinoma, mixed carcinoma, phylloid adenoma, sarcoma. As to the former group, US proved reliable in making a diagnosis in the cases with typical hemorrhagic, septic and multilocular cysts. In the atypical cases, FNAB of the solid component of the nodule was necessary to differentiate irregular clots, thick septa or inflammatory thickening from different conditions. As to the latter group, FNAB of the solid component and/or mammography proved useful in making a diagnosis, even though to this aim US revealed peculiar patterns which were highly suggestive. In our experience, combined US and FNAB are of basic importance in the diagnosis of breast lesions, thus replacing pneumocystography which has been widely employed so far. As regards mammography, its role seems limited to pointing out the peculiar characters of malignancy which could not be demonstrated otherwise.
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PMID:[The diagnostic imaging of complex breast nodules]. 141 Jun 63

Although the vast majority of eccrine spiradenomas behave in a benign fashion, 23 cases of malignant transformation have been reported to date. We describe a unique example of malignant eccrine spiradenoma that arose in the right breast of a 68-year-old woman. The quiescent mass, which was present for approximately 50 years, experienced sudden enlargement with erythematous changes of the overlying skin and nipple discharge. Microscopically, the tumor showed the typical features of an eccrine spiradenoma with areas of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcoma. The sarcomatous component consisted of rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. The immunoperoxidase staining revealed p53 protein expression only in the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. This suggests that accumulation of p53 protein may be an important event in the malignant transformation of spiradenomas. Because of its location and biphasic nature, this malignant eccrine spiradenoma should be distinguished from metaplastic breast carcinoma. To our knowledge, this represents the first carcinosarcomatous transformation of eccrine spiradenoma in the breast. This case led us to conclude that breast tissue, which often undergoes apocrine metaplasia and gives rise to apocrine neoplasms, is also capable of originating benign and malignant tumors with eccrine sweat duct phenotype.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma arising in eccrine spiradenoma of the breast. Report of a case and review of the literature. 863 57

Sarcomas of the breast belong to a heterogeneous group of breast tumors of mesenchymal origin, without epithelial components. These tumors can be primary or secondary (after previous treatment for breast cancer), are rare, present aggressive behavior, and have a poor prognosis. They occur mainly in women between 45 and 50 years of age, with the exception of angiosarcomas, which can occur in younger patients. Clinically, breast sarcomas manifest as palpable, mobile, rapidly growing masses, without skin thickening, axillary lymphadenopathy, or nipple discharge. Although the imaging findings are non specific, they can be suggestive of sarcoma. For instance, a solitary mass showing rapid growth, with circumscribed or indistinct margins and, a complex (solid-cystic) or heterogeneous echotexture, without axillary lymph node involvement, can raise the suspicion of sarcoma. The treatment is not well established, because of the rarity and heterogeneity of this type of neoplasm. The principles of treatment for sarcoma of the breast have been addressed only in small cohort studies. In most cases, the treatment of choice is surgery without axillary lymphadenectomy.
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PMID:Sarcomas of the breast: findings on mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. 3055 58