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Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Secondary prevention, detection and treatment at an early stage, may be the only means of controlling breast cancer. This is rational behind screening for breast cancer. We have previously reported that CEA measurement in nipple discharge is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer. As an extension, a dot-immunobinding assay was developed to screen a large number of patients with nipple discharge for nonpalpable breast cancer. This article is a review of the current status of CEA assay in nipple discharge for mass screening of breast cancer. False positive and negative cases will be also described.
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PMID:[Tumor markers. Personal experience--screening of breast cancer by determining CEA in nipple discharge]. 199 27

A rare case of a non-invasive carcinoma of the breast is reported. A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of large breast lump (11.5 X 8.0 cm) and an abnormal nipple discharge. Mammography revealed widely dispersed microcalcifications and an echographic diagnosis indicated a fibrocystic disease. A cytologic examination of the nipple discharge showed malignant cells with a CEA level that was very high. The patient was treated with a standard radical mastectomy. Specimen mammography showed microcalcification in almost all sections. The histological examination, using serial sections, was seen to be consistent with a non-invasive ductal carcinoma. No lymph node or remote distant metastasis was found.
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PMID:[A case of a non-invasive carcinoma of the breast with unusual clinicopathological appearance]. 282 78

Detection of non-palpable (T0) breast cancer by pathological nipple discharge is possible 3 years or more earlier than tumorous breast cancer. However, the definite diagnosis of T0 breast cancer has been considered to be very difficult because the standard diagnostic method such as exfoliative cytology and ductography were not totally reliable. In 1985 we first demonstrated the significance of CEA measurement in nipple discharge for diagnosis of T0 breast cancer. Since then CEA activity in nipple discharge was estimated in 60 patients with breast diseases by means of enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal anti CEA antibody. They include 17 with T0 breast cancer, 9 with borderline lesion, 20 with intraductal papilloma and 14 with fibrocystic diseases. When the cut off value of CEA concentration was set at 600 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 76.5%, 100% and 92.2%, respectively. These levels were higher than those for mammography or cytology. In the past 7 years, 13 cases of T0 breast cancer were detected in our hospital. They accounted for 2.5% of total breast cancer cases. In conclusion, CEA measurement in nipple discharge is a useful method for the diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancer.
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PMID:[Early detection of non-palpable (T0) breast cancer: the diagnostic procedure for pathological discharge from the nipple]. 803 75

During the recent 5 years between 1988 and 1992, 254 cases of breast cancer were experienced in the Tsukuba University Hospital. Of them, 80 cases were palpable cancers measuring less than 2cm and 37 cases were nonpalpable cancers. The total of early cancers was 117 cases, 43.3% of all cases. Noninvasive carcinoma without minimally invasive carcinomas were 35 cases, 13.2% (ductal ca: 27, lobularca: 2, Paget ca: 6). According to the palpability of tumour mass, the sensitivity and accuracy rate of palpable early masses are 56.6% and 88.4% by physical examination, 57.9% and 96.4% by mammography, 77.6% and 82.5% by echography respectively. Those of nonpalpable diseases are 29.0% and 88.8% by physical examination, 42.9% and 91.2% by mammography, and 32.1% and 76.8% by echography. The sensitivity of echography for palpable breast cancer is extremely high. On the other hand, mammography is the most effective for nonpalpable cancer. For the detection of noninvasive carcinoma, characteristics of nipple discharge, measurement of CEA in nipple discharge and erosion of the nipple are other important factors.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of early breast cancer]. 803 76

It is almost impossible to diagnose early cancers by elevated tumor markers in serum. However, it is possible by detecting tumor associated biomarkers in the excreted specimens such as nipple discharge, urine and feces. Elevated CEA in nipple discharge is indicative of non-palpable "To" early breast cancer, elevated fecal CEA indicated hemoccult test-negative colon cancer, basic fetoprotein and beta-hCG core fragment in the urine for urogenital malignancies, and urinary VMA or HVA for asymptomatic neuroblastomas. Detection of abnormal genes is more sensitive than cytology and suggests cancers or precancerous changes. PCR-SSCP method enabled to determine Ki-ras gene mutation in pancreatic juice and in duodenal juice in pancreatic cancer patients.
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PMID:[Tumor associated biomarker for early diagnosis of cancer]. 896 52

In this study, 26 cases of nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge treated at our department were reviewed. Their discharge was either bloody or serous with a positive hematest, but all except for one were negative for cytology, while CEA value of the discharge was high in 72.7%. Mammograms were found to be unreliable for diagnosis, while abnormal findings were observed in 84.6% by ductography. However, final diagnosis was determined histopathologically from surgical specimens, showing 14 intraductal and 12 invasive ductal cancers, none with components of comedo carcinomas. Seventeen patients underwent mastectomy following duct-lobular segmentectomy and a small remnant of intraductal carcinoma was found microscopically in only one patient. All patients except for one have survived for 98 months on average with no symptoms of metastasis. These findings suggest that duct-lobular segmentectomy with an adequate surgical margin should be adopted as the final operation for selected patients with nonpalpable breast cancer involving nipple discharge.
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PMID:Nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge: how should it be treated? 906 22

Nipple discharge in breast cancer cases was examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH). DNA samples were extracted from both supernatant and cell pellet components of the discharge, and examined for LOH at microsatellite markers, D11S1818, D11S2000, D16S402, D16S504, D16S518, D17S520, and D17S786. At least one LOH was found in either the supernatant or cell pellet in seven out of 10 patients (70%). Five of seven samples, which were cytologically negative, were LOH positive, and only one case, which was cytologically positive, showed no LOH on the markers examined. All three samples, which were judged 'negative' by CEA measurement (<400 ng/ml), were LOH positive. This method could be a useful novel diagnostic modality for nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge.
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PMID:Detection of microsatellite alterations in nipple discharge accompanied by breast cancer. 1084 7

Biomarkers are measured in the management of breast cancer patients for the following purposes. (1) Early detection of breast cancer: blood tumor markers such as CA 15-3 are useless for this detection because of a low sensitivity. Proteomics profiling has recently been investigated using blood or nipple aspirate fluid for the detection. Measurement of CEA and HER 2 in abnormal nipple discharge has been approved for diagnosis of breast cancer in Japan. (2) Monitoring of breast cancer patients: serum tumor markers are routinely measured for early detection of recurrent diseases, evaluation of therapeutic response and monitoring outcome of patients by a majority of breast cancer experts in Japan. Study results investigated by the Study Group of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society in 2001 are presented with regard to the questionnaire survey on the present status of tumor marker measurement and the clinical study on usefulness of tumor markers for the evaluation for therapeutic response. (3) Prognostic factors: new biomarkers have been investigated to select patients at high risk for distant metastases, which could not be selected by classic prognostic factors. Three prognostic factors (UPA/PAI-1, cyclin E, gene profiling), which were discussed at the 8th St. Gallen International Consensus Meeting last year, are mainly discussed. (4) Predictive factors for therapeutic response: hormone receptors (HR) have been used as reliable predictive factors for response to endocrine therapy. Other biomarkers have been investigated to select patients with tumors HR-positive but unresponsive to endocrine therapy. Current status, clinical significance, problems and future directions on predictive factors for response to cytotoxic chemotherapy are also discussed.
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PMID:[Biomarkers in breast cancer]. 1527 79

The distinction between breast cancer and benign breast diseases with nipple discharge remains an important diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this study was to predict the potential usefulness of tumor markers in nipple discharge and to investigate the relationship of tumor markers and clinical characteristics with breast cancer.One hundred and eleven patients with nipple discharge received breast surgery from November 2013 to December 2014 were included in the study. We evaluated levels of five tumor markers (CEA, CA153, CA199, CA724 and AFP) prior to treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to postoperative pathological results: 30 cases in breast cancer group and 81 cases in benign group. The relationships of clinical characteristics with breast cancer were investigated by multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model.It showed significant differences in levels of nipple discharge CEA (P < 0.001) and CA153 (P = 0.014), but not CA199 (P = 0.856), CA724 (P = 0.171), AFP (P = 0.834) among two groups. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated complaint, age, menopause, abnormal palpable mass, CEA and CA153 were associated with breast cancer. In summary, measurements of CA199, CA724 and AFP in nipple discharge are not of great clinical value. Detecting CEA and CA153 in nipple dischargecould potentially be used for the early detection of breast cancer with in high-risk populations.
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PMID:Levels of CEA, CA153, CA199, CA724 and AFP in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients. 2688 8