Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical and galactographic investigation was carried out on 103 patients with hematic, serous-hematic, and serous nipple discharge. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 72 years. A single papilloma was found in 20 cases, diffuse papillomatosis in 2 cases, atypical ductal hyperplasia in 8 cases, and ductal carcinoma in 4 cases (3 of these were infiltrating and 1 was noninfiltrating associated with a diffuse papillomatosis). Mammography gave no indications of carcinoma in any of the 4 cases. In the remaining 49 patients, pictures of ductal hyperplasia, periductal mastitis or sclerosis, sclerosing adenosis, or ductal ectasia were observed. The various types of lesions were often associated. Lacunae, stenosis, or occlusion of the ducts, evidenced by galactography, correlated well with the histologic findings of proliferative lesions of the ductal epithelium. Nevertheless, in practice, it should be the type of discharge that indicates surgery rather than galactographic or cytologic data, which appeared to have little diagnostic value. The frequency with which preneoplastic (or limit) lesions, and also nonsuspect carcinomas were found in patients with a significant nipple discharge confirm the importance of this symptom for a secondary prevention of early diagnosis of mammary neoplastic lesions originating from galactophorous ducts. Finally, complete resection of the galactophorous ducts must be considered as the best treatment in all patients with a suspicious nipple discharge that requires surgery.
 ...
PMID:Nipple discharge as a sign of preneoplastic lesions and occult carcinoma of the breast: clinical and galactographic study in 103 consecutive patients. 38 91

The pathologic diagnosis of 282 consecutive breast lesions seen in 255 black patients over a 3-year period (January 1975-December 1977) at Harlem Hospital Center were reviewed and analyzed. The most common lesion was fibroadenoma, accounting for 34.7% of all lesions and 48% of benign breast lesions, followed by carcinoma (28%) and fibrocystic disease (17%). Other major benign breast lesions in order of frequency were intraductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, chronic mastitis, and fat necrosis. One each of the following rare lesions was observed: papillomatosis, ducatal ectasia, cystosarcoma phylloides, and granular cell tumor. Multiple lesions were found in 1 or both breasts in 15% of all benign breast disease cases, with fibroadenoma being the most common lesion. 94% of the patients presented with a breast mass, 5% with nipple discharge, 5% with pain, and 2% with a history of trauma to the breast. The lesions varied in size from 0.5-10 cm, and had been present for a few days to 20 years before medical treatment was sought. The upper quadrant of the breast was the most common site for lesions. Peak age incidence for all benign breast lesions was 20-35 years; for fibroadenoma, peak age incidence was 16-25 years and for fibrocystic disease, 40-50 years. The surgical literature shows that in a predominantly white population, peak age of incidence for benign lesions is 30-49 years; this disparity in age distribution may be due to the high percentage of adolescent patients with fibroadenoma in the Harlem Hospital series. Median age of patients with breast carcinoma in this series is 61 years. 24 patients (13.7%) with benign breast disease had taken oral contraceptives before the breast biopsies were performed. However, the study population is to small and follow-up time to short to draw any conclusion regarding the relation of oral contraceptive use to the subsequent development of breast cancer. This study shows that compared to the white population, fibroadenoma is more frequent than cancer in black women while cancer is more frequent than fibroadenoma in white women.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of benign breast lesions in blacks. 45 72

This article briefly reviews breast cancer examination and discusses a variety of physical changes that may occur in the breast suffering from breast cancer. The selected topics include evaluation of breast masses, nipple discharge, nipple changes other than discharge, and a discussion of inflammatory breast cancer and its differentiation from mastitis. Breast cancer appearing as a solitary axillary mass is also discussed. A brief discussion is also undertaken of aspiration cytology, mammographically directed needle localized open biopsies, and mammographically directed or stereotactic needle aspirations for cytology.
 ...
PMID:Physical and mammographic diagnosis of breast cancer and initial work-up. 146 Feb 18

A fiberoptic ductoscopy system was successfully developed by means of which we were able to observe the duct cavity of the breast. Two kinds of silicafiberscopes with outer diameters 0.80 and 0.45 mm were used in the present study. Fiberoptic ductoscopy was applied to 52 ducts in 46 patients with nipple discharge for whom no tumor was palpable; the intraductal appearance could be observed in 47 ducts from 41 patients (90.3%). Fourteen ducts from 13 patients were operated upon and were histologically diagnosed as carcinoma (four cases), intraductal papilloma (nine ducts from eight patients) and mastitis (one case). The internal surface of a normal duct was lustrous and smooth. Cancer growing on the surface of a duct wall appeared white and was slightly elevated, forming a bridging structure. The intraductal papillomas formed intraductal solid nodules, being yellow in most cases and red at the site of hemorrhage. Fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to recognize the growth of minute intraductal lesions in cases of nipple discharge. Clinical endoscopic diagnosis for minute intraductal lesions will make an important contribution to the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of nipple involvement in intraductal carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Fiberoptic ductoscopy of the breast: a new diagnostic procedure for nipple discharge. 165 13

Many terms, including duct ectasia, secretory disease, periductal mastitis, plasma cell mastitis, have been used in connection with a variety of clinical conditions associated with nipple discharge, non-puerperal sepsis and nipple retraction. The confused nomenclature reflects the uncertainties regarding the singularity or inter-relationships of the main elements--dilated ducts, periductal inflammation, bacterial infection and nipple retraction. Recent clinical studies combined with new histological and bacteriological information have set the scene for better understanding of the pathogenesis and management of these clinical conditions.
 ...
PMID:Non-lactational inflammation and duct ectasia. 193 13

The detection of breast cancer in women under 35 is quite an uncommon event, accounting only for 3.2-3.4% of all breast cancers. To determine the indications for mammography in women under 35, the authors correlated clinical, mammographic, and US findings with fine-needle aspiration/surgical biopsy and follow-up results in 1040 symptomatic women examined at the Center of Senology of the Institute of Radiology-University of Perugia, Italy, from 1984 to June 1990. Of 1040 women, 482 (41.6%) had normal findings; benign disease was diagnosed in 558 (53.7%) cases, and malignant disease in 49 (4.7%). Mammography was very useful to diagnose malignancy in palpable breast lesions, as well as to suggest the need for biopsy, to detect metachronous cancers and to define lesion sizes. In inflammatory process--e.g., mastitis and abscesses--both mammography and US were capable of evaluating the real extent of the process, as well as its remission after therapy. Galactography had a specific role in the evaluation of the mammary duct and demonstrated intraductal pathologic conditions. In the authors' experience, mammography never showed occult breast cancers in women with no palpable breast lesions or hematic nipple discharge.
 ...
PMID:[Role of mammography in women under 35 years of age]. 200 38

Periductal mastitis/duct ectasia affects major breast ducts and is poorly understood. A variety of different terms have been used for this condition and these probably reflect different stages in one disease process. It appears to be responsible for 1-2% of all symptomatic breast conditions. Although the incidence is higher in postmortem studies, much of what is included as so-called "periductal mastitis" or "duct ectasia" in these studies is duct dilatation, which occurs as part of normal breast involution. Periductal mastitis appears to be the primary condition with duct ectasia being the outcome. The cause of this periductal mastitis is uncertain, although bacteria, particularly anaerobic organisms, appear to play some role. Clinically, this condition can present with noncyclical mastalgia, nipple discharge, nipple retraction, a subareolar breast mass with or without overlying breast inflammation, a periareolar abscess, or a mammillary fistula. Antibiotics effective against the organisms isolated from this condition are effective in resolving periareolar inflammation and are useful when combined with surgery in mammillary fistula.
 ...
PMID:Periductal mastitis/duct ectasia. 269 25

A detailed senologic evaluation with complete clinical examination, (color Doppler) echography, comparative mammography and cytology or microbiopsy can avoid surgery in case of a post-traumatic fat necrosis, a Mondor Syndrome, an infectious mastitis or a ductal ecstasy with nipple discharge. Actually we have still difficulties to interpret non palpable breast lesions and to supervise operated and radiated breasts.
 ...
PMID:[Difficult diagnosis in breast cancer]. 748 Dec 26

The classical Hadfield's operation for duct ectasia/periductal mastitis results in nipple anaesthesia in most women and nipple/areola necrosis in some patients. To obviate these two complications we have modified the technique of major duct excision. The incision is given over only one-third of areolar circumference and no areolar flap is raised. In the 17 women treated by this technique the cosmetic results were good in all of them with no nipple/areola necrosis. The nipple sensation was preserved in all cases. There was only one case of recurrence of nipple discharge. The technique offers a safer alternative to the classical Hadfield's operation.
 ...
PMID:A safe technique of major mammary duct excision. 773 95

Seventy-four patients who had papillary duct hyperplasia were studied to characterize the pathologic features of the lesions and to assess their precancerous significance. All but one were female. The median age at diagnosis was 17 yr with 52 (70%) between 15 and 25 yr, 18 (24%) < 15 yr and four (5%) 25 to 29 yr old. Age at follow-up ranged from 9 to 53 yr with 49 (66%) < 30 yr, 22 (30%) age 30 to 39 yr, and three (4%) age 40 yr or more. Median age at last follow-up was 28 yr. The most frequent presenting symptoms were a mass and/or nipple discharge. A family history of breast carcinoma was reported by 19 of 69 patients (28%) with available information. Three patterns of papillary duct hyperplasia were identified: sclerosing papilloma (31; 42%), papilloma (24; 32%) and papillomatosis (19; 26%). Prominent cysts, apocrine metaplasia, other benign proliferative changes, and mastitis that characterize juvenile papillomatosis were absent. All patients had an excisional biopsy followed by segmental mastectomy for two large lesions. Recurrences in the breast were detected in 12 (16%) of the patients after a median interval of 3 yr, more commonly in patients with sclerosing papilloma (5; 31%) and papilloma (5; 21%) than in those with papillomatosis (2; 11%). The risk of recurrence was not related to a family history of breast carcinoma. None of the patients developed mammary carcinoma or any other malignant neoplasm. These results indicate that children, adolescents, and young women with the types of papillary duct hyperplasia described in this report are not predisposed to develop breast carcinoma before age 30.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Papillary duct hyperplasia of the breast in children and young women. 824 14


1 2 3 Next >>