Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0849787 (nipple discharge)
 518 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four cases of a solid benign tumour of breast ducts are described, for which we propose the name 'ductal adenoma'. The lesion consists of a single nodule or multiple nodules involving medium size and small ducts, but not major subareolar ducts. It presents as a palpable lump, and is not associated with a nipple discharge. Clinically, radiologically and macroscopically, it can simulate malignancy because of its occurrence in older age groups, frequent microcalcification and the firmness and irregularity of many lesions. Fibrous sclerosis sometimes results in distortion with apparent invasion of surrounding tissue. It can be mistaken for carcinoma both on frozen and paraffin sections. Differentiation into epithelial and myoepithelial cells is the most reliable criterion in the recognition of this lesion as benign. It has microscopic affinities with ductal papilloma, on the one hand, and with salivary-type adenoma, on the other. Ductal adenoma constitutes the third major type of adenoma in the breast, in addition to the already widely recognized nipple adenoma and tubular adenoma.
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PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast: a lesion which can mimic carcinoma. 609 Jun 27

At the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, in its Outpatient Department, 1302 breast surgical biopsies were carried out in 1978. Fibroadenomas occurred in 44.2% and benign dysplasias in 39.3%. Sixty-two cancers (4.8%) and 23 atypical hyperplasias (1.8%) were unexpected findings, with an increasing incidence in women over 50. Seventy-nine duct resections were performed for significant nipple discharge and revealed 5 unexpected carcinomas and 28 papillomas or papillomatosis. In our opinion and experience, this procedure of performing breast biopsy in the presence of a solid lump in women over 30 without hospitalization improves early detection of cancer, lowers costs, cuts down admission waiting lists and increases the number of women who better accept a surgical diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Unexpected breast cancer detection after outpatient biopsy for benign lesion. 627 86

Abnormal nipple discharge is rare, constituting only 3-5% of mammary consultation. In the present paper 267 patients with primary nipple discharge operated on at Institut Gustave-Roussay (IGR) in Villejuif, France, between January 1, 1960 and December, 1974 were evaluated. In all cases, the nipple discharge was symptomatic, spontaneous, and represented the primary reason for the patient's consultation. During the same period 1,145 cases of nipple discharge were treated at IGR. Of the 1,145 cases with symptomatic nipple discharge, 267 patients (23%) required surgical intervention. Among these, fibrocystic disease and duct ectasia were the leading causes of nipple discharge occurring in 42% of surgical specimens. Twenty one per cent of the patients had carcinoma and 35% were found to have intraductal papilloma. The overall incidence of malignancy, however, was 4.8% among the 1,145 women with nipple discharge. On the average, patients with nipple discharge due to malignancy were ten years older than those with benign lesions (Table 2). Approximately 25% of patients with malignant discharge and 5% with benign discharge have associated tumor. Over 60% of the patients with both discharge and a mass had malignancy.
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PMID:Nipple discharge from the breast. 627 58

An analysis of 270 patients undergoing microdochectomy for nipple discharge from a single identifiable duct, and without an associated lump, revealed that occult cancers were all accompanied by hemoglobin positive discharge. A simple method of detecting the presence of hemoglobin in the discharge is described. The incidence of cancer was found to be 5.9%. In order of frequency, intraduct papilloma, duct ectasia, cystic disease, and carcinoma accounted for over 90% of the cases. Six patients in whom no malignancy was seen in the microdochectomy specimen subsequently developed cancer in the ipsilateral breast. A close follow-up of all patients with hemoglobin positive discharge and in whom no cause for the discharge is demonstrated at microdochectomy is stressed.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of testing for occult blood. 629 91

In order to investigate the cytologic characteristics of breast carcinoma in nipple discharge, 190 histologically proven cases of various breast lesions from 2,723 samples of nipple discharge were studied. The general criteria of malignancy as described for other organs applied also to the breast carcinoma cells. However, the breast carcinoma cells were generally smaller and less pleomorphic than those arising from other organs. In addition to the malignant features of individual tumor cells, the presence of a spherical cell cluster with a smooth rim was also an important finding suggestive of malignancy. The diagnostic rate of breast carcinoma increased significantly when the 190 cases were reexamined on the basis of the findings of this study.
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PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of breast carcinoma with nipple discharge: special significance of the spherical cell cluster. 693 79

The Authors report their personal observations of nipple discharge in gynecologic patients admitted to the Obstetric and Gynecologic Department of Padua University or applying to the Senologic Diagnostic- or Endocrinology-Departments of the same. After dividing breast secretions into two groups - the neuroendocrine and the strictly mammary ones - the Authors discuss their etiopathogenesis, incidence, and clinical significance (mainly as to their possible association to breast malignancies), and present their personal results. At the end, a careful examination of all nipple discharges is recommended, which should include, besides cytological evaluation, a complete assessment of the neuroendocrine function and a watchful investigation of local breast conditions.
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PMID:Epidemiology of nipple discharge. 717 29

The breast pathology files at the Institut Gustave-Russy in Villejuif, France, were searched for papillary cystadenomas and papillary carcinomas diagnosed between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1974. A total of 158 cases were selected for this study; they were subclassified into 74 papillary cystadenomas, 63 papillary carcinomas, and 21 multiple papillomas. Spontaneous nipple discharge was the primary reason for consultation in 88% of solitary cystadenoma patients, 48% of multiple papilloma patients, and 23% of the carcinoma patients. The data support the benign nature of papillary cystadenoma inasmuch as none of the 73 patients treated with local excision developed cancer of the same breast, with only one patient having recurrence of the lesion. In contrast, multiple papilloma was associated with a high recurrence rate and malignant transformation. According to Scarff and Bloom's grading system, papillary carcinoma was found to be of low grade malignancy with a five-year survival rate of over 90%.
Cancer 1981 Jul 01
PMID:Papillary tumors of large lactiferous ducts. 719

The authors report a series of 97 cases of phlogistic-like process of the breast. Clinical and radiological signs and criteria of differential diagnosis between benign phlogosis and cancer are investigated. The location in the areolar/periareolar region, the presence of fever, and the radiological evidence of limited skin thickening were the features more significantly correlated with benign phlogosis, while cancer should be suspected in the case of lesions located in the upper-outer quadrant and in presence of a diffuse skin thickening at radiological examination. These diagnostic criteria seem particularly useful since the typical clinical or radiological signs of cancer are present only in 50% of cancer cases. The cytological examination of nipple discharge or needle aspiration fluid is of particular help: no false positive or negative cases were observed in a series of 42 examined patients.
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PMID:Criteria of clinical and radiological diagnosis in nonpuerperal acute phlogistic-like processes of the breast: considerations on 97 consecutive cases. 724 51

Ductal carcinoma in situ represents a biologically and histologically heterogeneous group of lesions characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells confined to the ducts of the breast. Before screening mammography, ductal carcinoma in situ was considered uncommon; patients were usually diagnosed by a breast mass or bloody nipple discharge, and their treatment was mastectomy. Today it represents 20% to 30% of mammographically detected breast cancers and 10% to 15% of all diagnosed breast cancers in the United States. The invariable progression of this cancer to invasive breast cancer requiring mastectomy has been challenged, but because most patients have been treated with mastectomy, knowledge about ductal carcinoma in situ is limited and primarily based on retrospective data. Further insight will emerge from randomized prospective studies that are near completion. Currently available data indicate that breast-conserving treatments are valid alternatives to mastectomy for most patients with this disease.
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PMID:Current management of ductal carcinoma in situ. 748 9

The levels of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (ErbB-2 protein) in nipple discharge were evaluated together with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 9 patients with breast cancer, 2 patients with borderline lesions, 8 patients with intraductal papilloma, and 19 patients with fibrocystic change. When the tentative cutoff value was set at 40 ng/ml in the nipple discharge, elevated ErbB-2 protein levels were found in all 3 patients with palpable breast cancer and 3 of the 6 patients with nonpalpable cancer. Two of the 8 patients with intraductal papilloma had high ErbB-2 protein levels. A combination test with CEA resulted in positive detection in all cancer patients. Two patients with borderline lesions, 2 with intraductal papilloma and 2 with fibrocystic change were positive in a combination test. In addition, elevated ErbB-2 protein levels in nipple discharge correlated well with the overexpression of ErbB-2 protein in the tumor. All the patients with ErbB-2 protein levels over 100 ng/ml in their nipple discharge had comedo or solid intraductal carcinomas. Thus, measurement of ErbB-2 protein levels in nipple discharge can assist in the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma and also in detecting tumors with a high proliferation rate and an overexpression of ErbB-2 protein: usually comedo or solid carcinomas.
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PMID:ErbB-2 protein levels in nipple discharge: role in diagnosis of early breast cancer. 790 88


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