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Query: UMLS:C0849640 (skin damage)
 1,516 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

C57Bl mice were treated with thoracic irradiation to doses in the range 12.0 to 18.9 gray. Few deaths were observed in the period 80--160 days after irradiation (an end-point of lung damage used by other investigators) and the median survival times ranged from 200 to 310 days. CBA mice treated under identical conditions predominantly died between 80--160 days and it is therefore concluded that C57Bl mice show unusually prolonged survival following this treatment. Six chemotherapeutic agents were given to C57Bl mice together with thoracic irradiation, in most cases two weeks beforehand. Adriamycin, bleomycin and cyclophosphamide enhanced the mortality of the mice. Most agents had little effect on radiation-induced skin damage.
Br J Radiol 1979 Sep
PMID:Lung damage in C57B1 mice following thoracic irradiation: enhancement by chemotherapy. 47 89

Tryptophan metabolism "via kynurenine" after load of amino-acid has been studied in urine of rats before and after induction of experimental light-conditioned dermatitis with psoralen. Tryptophan load in animals during the acute phase of dermatitis (one day after induction) causes a markedly increased urinary excretion of total metabolites in comparison with that obtained before dermatitis. After six days of dermatitis, when the skin damage was in repair, the excretory values after tryptophan load in rats are only slightly increased indicating that the metabolic disturbance is correlated with the skin damage.
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1979 Sep 15
PMID:Tryptophan metabolism in animals with dermatitis. I) In Rats. 55 Aug 69

The results of a comparative study of heavy particles of interest in radiotherapy are reported in four parts. In this Part IV, early skin reactions and late reactions (foot deformity) in mice for various heavy particles are reported. For heavy charged particles, the exposures were made at the entrance region (plateau) and centre of the peak (10 cm wide peaks). For 60Co gamma rays and fast neutrons (50 MeV D leads to Be), the exposures were made at the peak of the depth-dose curve. The time-course of development of skin reaction and subsequent healing after exposure to heavy ions or 60Co gamma rays were remarkably similar, suggesting that skin damage and subsequent epithelial repopulation after exposure to heavy ions are not different from 60Co gamma rays. When the Bragg peaks were broadened to 10 cm, the RBE at the peak, compared with the entrance region, was significantly higher for carbon ions but nearly the same or even lower for neon and argon ions because of saturation effects at high LET. The RBE for fast neutrons was comparable to that at the peak for carbon ions. The correlation between early skin reaction and foot deformity remained the same for all particles.
Br J Radiol 1978 Sep
PMID:A heavy particle comparative study. Part IV: acute and late reactions. 69 15

The awareness of sun-induced skin damage has increased in both the lay public and physician. Coincidentally, there has been progress in the development of new ultraviolet-(UV) radiation protecting sunscreens. In this review and update on sunscreens, sunscreen classification, UVB and UVA protection, sunscreen vehicle, and substantivity will be addressed.
J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1991 Sep
PMID:Sunscreens. Update and review. 189 Feb 48

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may be the most prevalent agent that man encounters in his environment. As a result, certain biological adaptations take advantage of the beneficial effects of UVR exposure, e.g. the photoactivation steps involved in vitamin D metabolism. In this regard, UVR plays an important role in maintaining our good health; however, it must be noted that UVR is potentially the most harmful naturally occurring agent in our environment. Thus, it appears that several mechanisms have evolved to protect us against the detrimental effects of UVR overexposure. Although epidermal melaninization or "tanning" may be the most obvious example of these processes, we would argue that adoptive mechanisms within the immune system also provide protection against UVR-induced skin damage. It is now known that UVR affects the distribution and functional activities of various immunocompetent cells within the skin, as well as modifying the production of inflammatory and hematopoietically active cytokines. This review will focus on the known mechanisms involved in the immune modulatory effects of UVR and how adoptive immune responses to UVR-induced skin damage contribute to specific pathological processes.
J Photochem Photobiol B 1988 Sep
PMID:Photoimmunology: the mechanisms involved in immune modulation by UV radiation. 314 87

A spray on, copolymer acrylic dressing (Op-Site) was used to limit the skin damage caused by a transcutaneous oxygen electrode and its adhesive ring. Two identical electrodes were applied to the abdominal skin of 10 preterm infants, one on untreated skin, the other after application of Op-Site. It was found that Op-Site prevented the epidermal damage (as measured by transepidermal water loss) that occurs when the adhesive ring is removed from untreated skin. It did not interfere with transcutaneous oxygen measurements; absolute values and response times were unchanged. Op-Site is therefore useful in preventing the skin trauma that occurs when transcutaneous oxygen monitoring is being performed in preterm infants below 30 weeks' gestation in the first week of life. Care must be taken, however, to prevent a build up of Op-Site--it should be applied as a single layer, allowed to dry, and removed after use.
Arch Dis Child 1986 Sep
PMID:Reduction of skin damage from transcutaneous oxygen electrodes using a spray on dressing. 376 17

The effect of bioflavonoid, O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (HR) on early radiation-induced skin damage was examined, using the mouse foot system; the response to radiation is not species specific and comparison with the clinical situation is therefore possible. The aim was to see whether HR, which is highly effective in protecting against late damage, is also able to reduce early effects. Early reactions were considered to be erythema, swelling and ulceration and occurring up to 30 days after irradiation. It was found that HR significantly reduces early damage, both after a single dose and after fractionated irradiation with low doses. A single pre-treatment dose of HR and pre-treatment together with 30 days post-treatment administration were both found to be effective. The protective effect became more marked with increasing radiation dose (single irradiation). Reduction of late effects is produced optimally by an interval of 0.25 hours between application of HR and irradiation, and this is also true for early skin damage. The early effects are partly reversible, but there is possibly an interesting correlation between these and irreversible late effects (such as loss of toes); a similar mechanism, presumably affecting the vascular system, may therefore be postulated. The protective action of this well tolerated, highly effective substance, which apparently protects normal tissues from early and late injury, is discussed.
Rofo 1980 Sep
PMID:[Reduction of radiation-induced early skin damage (mouse foot) by O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (author's transl)]. 645 59

Constitutional and environmental determinants of actinic skin damage, assessed by cutaneous microtopography, were evaluated in 1,216 subjects attending the 1981 Busselton Health Survey in Western Australia. Increasing age, male sex, the tendency to burn on exposure to sunlight and outdoor occupation were found to have independent predictive value for the presence of actinic skin damage. Crude positive and inverse associations of actinic skin damage with several other factors were shown to arise from confounding. Effect measures for outdoor leisure pursuits and sunscreen use were underestimated due to inverse associations of these factors with older age, and inverse associations of high-exposure outdoor activities with poor skin response to sunlight. Associations of constitutional traits typical of fair individuals and sunscreen use with the tendency to burn resulted in overestimation of effect measures. Empirical relationships of actinic skin damage with certain leisure activities and with use of sunscreens were also confounded by sex. The results indicate a need for greater attention to confounding in nonexperimental skin cancer research.
Am J Epidemiol 1984 Sep
PMID:The determinants of actinic skin damage: problems of confounding among environmental and constitutional variables. 647 17

A computer optimization technique based on response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of a hydrogel formulation containing indomethacin as a model drug. As the penetration enhancer, a combination of three cyclic monoterpenes, limonene, menthol, and cineole, was employed. Pharmacokinetic parameters, from an in vivo percutaneous absorption study on rats of model formulations prepared according to the composite experimental design for five factors, were determined as prime response variables. The skin damage evoked by each formulation was microscopically judged and graded as the response variable concerning skin safety. The response variables were predicted by multiple regression equations comprising combinations of the five formulation factors. The regression equations for the response variables assembled as a simultaneous optimization problem based on the generalized distance function. The simultaneous optimum was predicted as a function of individual optima within a 95% confidence region. The predicted response values for the optimum formulation have been successfully validated in a repeated in vivo percutaneous absorption study.
J Pharm Sci 1994 Sep
PMID:Formulation optimization of indomethacin gels containing a combination of three kinds of cyclic monoterpenes as percutaneous penetration enhancers. 783 Feb 56

Reactions of the skin of the right thigh of mice were used as an experimental model to test possible changes in the radiosensitivity of mouse skin, as represented by changes in the linear-quadratic (LQ) model parameters alpha and beta, as a function of fractionation interval and overall treatment time. In the first series of experiments, variable numbers of 3-Gy fractions with intervals of 6, 24 or 48 h were applied, followed by top-up doses to increase the skin damage to a level that could be scored. The results showed that mouse skin is more sensitive to 3-Gy fractions applied with 48-h intervals than to 3-Gy fractions applied with 6- or 24-h intervals. In the second series of experiments we used single-dose or fractionated test treatments for previously unirradiated mice and mice treated with priming doses of 10, 20 or 30 Gy given 1-18 days before the test treatment. The sensitivity appeared to be higher after intervals of 14-18 days than after 1-10 days after priming treatments of 20 and 30 Gy. The increased sensitivity 18 days after 20 Gy was mainly the result of an increase in the beta component of the LQ model; higher values of alpha were also determined. We conclude that the radiosensitivity of mouse skin is higher during a radiation-induced proliferative response.
Radiat Res 1994 Sep
PMID:Changes in the radiation sensitivity of mouse skin during fractionated and prolonged treatments. 807 16


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