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Query: UMLS:C0849640 (skin damage)
 1,516 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The awareness of sun-induced skin damage has increased in both the lay public and physician. Coincidentally, there has been progress in the development of new ultraviolet-(UV) radiation protecting sunscreens. In this review and update on sunscreens, sunscreen classification, UVB and UVA protection, sunscreen vehicle, and substantivity will be addressed.
J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1991 Sep
PMID:Sunscreens. Update and review. 189 Feb 48

There are two types of melanin in mammals, the brownish black eumelanin and the reddish yellow pheomelanin. Eumelanin and pheomelanin are present in human hair and this study was carried out to see whether both pigments are also present in human epidermis. Samples of epidermis were obtained from suction blisters raised in the upper arm of 13 Caucasian subjects of skin types I, II, and III and analyzed for both eumelanin and pheomelanin using a procedure involving high-performance liquid chromatography. Eumelanin and pheomelanin were found in all epidermal samples and their relative proportions correlated well with those found in samples of hair taken from the same subjects. The lowest concentrations of eumelanin were found in subjects of skin type I, with higher levels in skin types II and III. The concentrations of pheomelanin were more variable and showed no relationship to skin type. Increases in the concentrations of both pigments occurred following PUVA therapy, but whereas the largest increases in eumelanin were seen in skin types II and III, the increases in pheomelanin showed little relationship to skin type. Unlike eumelanin, epidermal pheomelanin also showed little relationship to PUVA-induced tanning. The present findings could be particularly significant in view of recent suggestions that pheomelanin, rather than protecting the skin against UV radiation, may actually contribute to UV-induced skin damage.
J Invest Dermatol 1991 Aug
PMID:Pheomelanin as well as eumelanin is present in human epidermis. 207 42

A 2% commercial solution formulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was significantly better at delivering 5-FU than either a 1% or 5% solution. Among single component suspension formulations the highest transdermal delivery was obtained from the vehicle in which 5-FU was least soluble, isopropyl myristate (IPM), while changes in the total suspended concentration of 5-FU in propyleneglycol (PG) had no significant effect on transdermal delivery by those suspensions. A prodrug of 5-FU/IPM was significantly better at delivering 5-FU than any of the formulations. The trends in relative rates of delivery of 5-FU by the formulations and the prodrug were the same in skin of hairless mice and humans. The mouse skin was about ten times more permeable than the human skin. Second application studies to assess skin damage caused by the formulations also showed the same trend in skin of hairless mice and humans: all of the formulations caused some damage.
Arch Dermatol Res 1990
PMID:Transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil through skin of hairless mice and humans in vitro: a comparison of the effect of formulations and a prodrug. 207 50

Clinico-biological examination of 154 patients with psoriasis resulted in data showing high activity of endo- and exopeptidases in efflorescences of that dermatosis. This was accompanied by depressed activity of trypsin inhibitor. At the same time magnesium deficiency, polysaccharide decrease and leucocyte increase were stated to be in the focus of skin damage. That character of interrelation, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of this widespread skin disease, is demonstrated.
Dermatol Monatsschr 1990
PMID:[Regulation of peptide hydrolase activity in psoriasis]. 225 41

The skin of 20 patients with variegate porphyria (VP) was studied using light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. Twelve patients had skin symptoms and markedly increased fecal protoporphyrin excretion. Their sun-exposed skin was characterized by homogeneous PAS-positive thickening and IgG deposition in the vessel walls. The basic ultrastructural change was thickening of the vascular walls caused by reduplication of the basal lamina and perivascular deposition of amorphous material. Qualitatively similar but less prominent histopathological changes occurred in sun-protected skin in some of the patients. Six patients had no skin symptoms but an increased porphyrin excretion. The light microscopical changes were comparable to those in the patients with skin symptoms, but the ultrastructural changes were less severe. No abnormal histopathological changes occurred in two symptomless patients who had low lymphocyte protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity but normal fecal porphyrin excretion. These results show that the primary site of skin damage in VP is the vessel wall, and that histopathological changes of the skin also occur in porphyric patients who have never had skin symptoms. Factors determining the occurrence of skin symptoms in VP are discussed.
Arch Dermatol Res 1990
PMID:Skin changes in variegate porphyria. Clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural study. 235 26

The proportion of subjects recovering from skin erythema induced by a single ultraviolet radiation challenge of 6 times the minimal erythema dose during a 3-week period was lower in 47 patients with stage I cutaneous melanoma than in 48 healthy control subjects with similar risk factors of increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (p = 0.045). This difference indicates that the patients with melanoma were more susceptible to prolonged ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage than the control subjects. Prolonged erythema response was significantly associated in the melanoma group with decreased minimal erythema doses (odds ratio [OR] = 11.3) and with the presence of freckles (OR = 5.5), and was associated in the control group with light eye color (OR = 5.8). Prolonged ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema is neither a unique feature of melanoma patients nor a useful marker for identifying risk groups for cutaneous melanoma.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jul
PMID:The recovery from ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema and melanoma risk factors: a case-control study. 236 74

Multiple actinic keratoses occurred on skin regions that were not exposed to the sun in one (0.15%) of 672 psoriasis patients receiving long term PUVA treatment after receiving a cumulative UVA dose of 883 J/cm2. Apart from skin type II, no risk factors were found. Besides clinical signs of chronic, light-induced skin damage, there were minor indications of epidermal dystrophy. Acantholysis was abnormally common in the regions affected by actinic keratosis.
Dermatol Monatsschr 1989
PMID:[Actinic keratoses--sequelae of long-term PUVA therapy]. 251 86

Diaper dermatitis results from the action of a number of physical and chemical factors on the skin. While its etiology is complex, there is agreement that prolonged contact between wet diapers and the skin leading to excessive hydration of the stratum corneum and reduced barrier function is a primary factor. Recent research also indicates that pH elevation resulting from ammonia production increases the probability of skin damage due to fecal enzyme activity. New diapers containing absorbent polymers blended with cellulose fluff in the absorbent core have been developed. The absorbent polymer binds fluids and controls pH in the diaper environment. To assess the effectiveness of these diapers, a clinical study was conducted with approximately 150 infants over 15 weeks, using fluff diapers and absorbent polymer diapers. The results clearly showed that the diapers with absorbent polymer provide a better skin environment than those with fluff only with respect to lower skin wetness and pH control (instrumental measurements). In addition, the clinicians' grades indicated a directional reduction in diaper rash severity.
Pediatr Dermatol 1989 Jun
PMID:Comparison of disposable diapers with fluff absorbent and fluff plus absorbent polymers: effects on skin hydration, skin pH, and diaper dermatitis. 274 70

In the present study we have estimated the current prevalence of actinic skin disease in young and middle-aged adults in Queensland, Australia by surveying a representative community. It was found that 4.6% of persons aged 20 to 69 years had skin cancer, mostly basal cell carcinoma, and 40% had solar keratoses. The age distribution and site distribution of actinic lesions in this population were not as classically described; persons below age 40 years exhibited substantial sun-related skin damage, and a large proportion of actinic lesions occurred on sites other than the head, backs, of hands, or forearms. Allowing for age and sex, the strongest risk factors for skin cancer and solar keratoses were fair skin, as assessed by a dermatologist, and clinical signs of solar damage such as solar lentigines, facial telangiectasia, and actinic elastosis of the neck. Associations with self-reported tendencies toward sunburn, frequent painful sunburns, occupational sun exposure, and a previous history of skin cancer were confirmed.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1988 Dec
PMID:Skin cancer in a Queensland population. 320 79

The dermatologic component of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 20,637), conducted from 1971 through 1974, documented the deleterious effect of ultraviolet radiation on selected skin and eye conditions. Actinic skin damage was more frequent in white men with high as compared with low sunlight exposure, 36.7% vs 23.3%, respectively. Among white women, the corresponding figures were 34.1% vs 18.6%, respectively. Actinic damage was found more often in individuals with light eye color. Basal cell epitheliomas were found in 11.3% of white men aged 65 to 74 years who had severely actinic-damaged skin as compared with 1.0% of those with undamaged skin. Sunlight exposure was positively associated with localized hypomelanism, localized hypermelanism, seborrheic keratoses, senile lentigines, freckles, acne rosacea, spider nevi, varicose veins, venus star, dry skin, wrinkled skin, pterygia, arcus senilis, and a variety of minor oral lesions of the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. These findings suggest that a large number of dermatologic conditions, which may in part result from overexposure to sunlight, may be preventable.
Arch Dermatol 1988 Jan
PMID:Health effects of sunlight exposure in the United States. Results from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1974. 325 72


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