Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0849640 (skin damage)
 1,516 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study we have estimated the current prevalence of actinic skin disease in young and middle-aged adults in Queensland, Australia by surveying a representative community. It was found that 4.6% of persons aged 20 to 69 years had skin cancer, mostly basal cell carcinoma, and 40% had solar keratoses. The age distribution and site distribution of actinic lesions in this population were not as classically described; persons below age 40 years exhibited substantial sun-related skin damage, and a large proportion of actinic lesions occurred on sites other than the head, backs, of hands, or forearms. Allowing for age and sex, the strongest risk factors for skin cancer and solar keratoses were fair skin, as assessed by a dermatologist, and clinical signs of solar damage such as solar lentigines, facial telangiectasia, and actinic elastosis of the neck. Associations with self-reported tendencies toward sunburn, frequent painful sunburns, occupational sun exposure, and a previous history of skin cancer were confirmed.
 ...
PMID:Skin cancer in a Queensland population. 320 79

Following skin damage resulting from radiotherapy, pancancerous conditions, carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas not rarely pose therapeutic problems. We encountered those problems severally after radiotherapy of the middle face, for instance for lupus vulgaris or basal cell carcinoma. Senile skin changed over the years by climatological influences may create similar problems. Disorders of blood supply and lack of "tissue material" as consequences of radiation-induced skin atrophy are the reasons for the failure of many attempts of plastic surgery aimed at tumor removal and defect repair. Besides that, the conditions for such operative procedures are progressively deteriorating with the number of tumor recurrences. In these instances cryotherapy offers an excellent therapeutic alternative by virtue of the favorable healing tendency of the cryonecrosis including the final, inconspicuous scar formation.
 ...
PMID:[Recurrent skin tumors following radiation injuries. Indication for cryotherapy]. 717 80

Intrinsic skin changes with advancing years include dryness, decreasing elasticity, increasing skin fragility, and more prominent vasculature. Extrinsic skin aging, caused primarily by cigarette smoking and exposure to sunlight, includes mottled pigmentation and yellow discoloration, rough leathery textural changes, and wrinkling. Major premalignant and malignant neoplasms in photodamaged skin are actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Nonmalignant lesions include solar lentigines and seborrheic keratoses. The A, B, C, D criteria can assist in the evaluation of pigmented nevi. Physicians play an important role in educating patients about the health risks associated with excessive sun exposure and about sun protection to prevent further skin damage.
 ...
PMID:Care of the skin at midlife: diagnosis of pigmented lesions. 926 Dec 86

Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin are more likely to develop other malignancies; however, the factors responsible for this are unknown. To clarify the risk of other cancers following the occurrence of BCC and SCC, we followed participants in a multicenter skin cancer prevention trial for subsequent malignancies. The study group consisted of 1805 BCC and SCC patients who had enrolled in a trial testing the efficacy of oral beta-carotene. Medical confirmation was sought for all cancers (other than BCC or SCC), which were reported by participants or their next-of-kin over a follow-up period of 10 years. We computed the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of time to first new, primary cancer in relation to history of BCC and SCC, using a proportional hazards model. A total of 235 participants had a new primary invasive cancer during 13,887 person-years of follow up. The risk of other cancers was modestly elevated in patients with one or more previous SCCs compared with those who only had a history of BCC (adjusted RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.91-2.07). Risk of other cancers also appeared to be increased among those who had multiple prior BCCs relative to those who had only one prior BCC (adjusted RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.91-1.61). Further adjustment for smoking history, Quetelet index, radiotherapy, extent of actinic skin damage, treatment assignment, or baseline beta-carotene concentrations did not appreciably alter the results. Cancer of the respiratory system was most strongly related to previous SCC or multiple BCC [RRs (95% CI), 2.20 (1.05-4.62) and 2.34 (1.14-4.83), respectively]. Our data suggest that unidentified exposures or inherited risk factors may play a common etiological role in the pathogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancer and other cancers, especially respiratory cancers, although larger studies would be necessary to exclude the role of chance in these findings.
 ...
PMID:Occurrence of other cancers among patients with prior basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer. 948 91

We examined the reproducibility of the measurement of sun exposure in a cohort study of nonmelanocytic skin cancer in Geraldton, Western Australia. Two analyses were undertaken: a comparison of cutaneous sun damage with sun exposure reported at interview, and an analysis of test-retest reproducibility of reported exposure. Skin cancers and cutaneous indicators of sun damage (cutaneous microtopography and solar elastosis of the neck) were recorded at a survey in 1987. A case-control study was conducted in 1988 in which subjects were interviewed about their lifetime sun exposure. All subjects had European ancestry. A subset of these subjects was reinterviewed using the same interview schedule in 1993. The comparison of reported exposure with skin damage was restricted to 201 cases of basal cell carcinoma and 700 controls, all of whom were born in Australia and had no southern European ancestors. The analysis of test-retest reproducibility included 62 cases with basal cell carcinoma and 162 controls. After adjustment for the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, cutaneous microtopography explained 7% and solar elastosis of the back of the neck explained 13% of the variance in the reported time spent outdoors. The intraclass correlation between time spent outdoors reported in the two interviews was 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71-0.83], whereas for exposure to a specific anatomical site, it was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55-0.73). The reported site-specific exposure was lower on the second occasion in controls but higher in cases. The hours of exposure on vacations and the proportion of exposure that occurred on nonworking days had poor reproducibility. Furthermore, cases reported a more intermittent pattern of weekly exposure on the first occasion than on the second, whereas the controls showed little difference in their pattern on the two occasions. The weighted kappa statistic for lifetime painful sunburns was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.41-0.66), and for lifetime number of blistering sunburns, it was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.44-0.65). Thus, the reported sun exposure showed only moderate agreement with biological markers of sun damage. Total sun exposure and, to a lesser extent, site-specific exposure showed good agreement on the two occasions. However, indicators of intermittent sun exposure had poor agreement, and sunburn had only fair agreement.
 ...
PMID:Reproducibility of reported measurements of sun exposure in a case-control study. 979 29

This study examines the prevalence of sun-related damage to the skin in a caucasian population in north-west England. The importance of constitutional factors (complexion, skin type and age) as well as environmental and occupational exposures for the development of actinic keratosis (AK) and skin cancers was assessed in people over 40 years of age attending outpatient clinics (non-dermatology) at four centres in north-west England (Mersey region). Nine hundred and sixty-eight volunteers (531 men and 437 women) were recruited. The overall prevalence of AK was 15.4% in men and 5.9% in women. The prevalence was strongly related to age in both sexes, being 34.1% and 18.2%, respectively, in men and women aged 70 years and above, and was most strongly related to two objective signs of sun exposure, namely degree of solar elastosis and presence of solar lentigines. The prevalence of AK was higher in subjects with red hair and freckles, particularly women. There was no evidence of an increased prevalence of AK in relation to any occupation. There was a high prevalence of seborrhoeic keratosis and viral warts in both sexes, which was age-related in the case of seborrhoeic keratosis. Ten cases of basal cell carcinoma, eight cases of Bowen's disease and one case of malignant melanoma were identified. This study shows that the sun exposure received in 'normal' life in England is sufficient to cause potentially malignant skin damage in a significant proportion of the population.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population. 1125 1

Whereas in Australia the high incidence of UV-induced skin cancer and chronic UV-damage is epidemiologically well proved, comparable figures in Europe and particularly in Germany are missing. Presumably, the prevalence and incidence of actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are significantly underestimated. The importance of chronic skin damage is discussed in accordance with new epidemiologic studies recently published in international journals. Since the percentage of older people is increasing in Germany the therapeutic importance of UV-damage and its relevance for preventive medicine will be of increasing importance in the next years.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiology of chronic UV-damage]. 1611 42

Ultraviolet radiation is estimated to be one of the most important risk factors for nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Athletes practicing outdoor sports receive considerable UV doses because of training and competition schedules with high sun exposure, and in alpine sports, by altitude-related increase of UV radiation and reflection from snow- and ice-covered surfaces. Extreme UV exposure in outdoor sports such as skiing, mountaineering, cycling, or triathlon has been documented in a series of dosimetric studies. Sweating because of physical exercise may contribute to UV-related skin damage as it increases the individual photosensitivity of the skin, facilitating the risk of sunburns. Large epidemiological studies showed that recreational activities such as sun exposure on the beach or during water sports were associated with an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma, whereas skiing has been shown to be at increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors of cutaneous melanoma such as the number of melanocytic nevi and solar lentigines have been found to be more frequent in subjects practicing endurance outdoor sports. An increased risk for cutaneous melanoma may be assumed for these athletes. In addition to the important sun exposure, exercise-induced immunosuppression may increase the risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer and cutaneous melanoma in athletes. Frequently, athletes seem to know little about the risk of sun exposure. Protective means such as avoiding training and competition with considerable sun exposure, choosing adequate clothing, and applying water-resistant sunscreen still need to be propagated in the community of outdoor sportsmen.
 ...
PMID:Outdoor sports and skin cancer. 1828 Aug 99

There is considerable evidence that the excessive ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) from sunlight is implicated in skin damage, ultimately inducing the death of keratinocytes. The UVB-induced apoptotic pathways are tightly regulated by the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic molecules. Among them, modulations of Bcl2 family proteins are important to decide the fate of UVB-irradiated cells. If the apoptotic pathway does not work properly, the damaged cells have a chance to transform into a carcinoma, such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. To develop a strategy of inducing apoptosis of skin cancer cells, the current study was performed to investigate the apoptotic pathway, especially focused on Bcl2 family proteins, in curcumin or UVB-treated basal cell carcinoma cell lines. Our data showed that the decreased proliferation rates and apoptotic DNA laddering were clearly observed in UVB irradiation, but not markedly observed in curcumin treatment. The decreased expression of Bcl-XL, which is involved in protection of apoptosis, was also clearly observed in UVB-irradiated cells without markedly changing mRNA levels. However, the expression of Bax or Bcl2 were not markedly changed by UVB-irradiation. The decreased expression of Bcl-XL protein after UVB treatment was partially restored in the presence of MG132, which is an inhibitor of proteasome, implying that the down-regulation of Bcl-XL may be regulated by the proteasome-mediated degradation. Our data demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-XL protein was decreased by proteasome-mediated degradation prior to change of mRNA level in UVB-induced apoptotic basal cell carcinoma cell lines, thereby these results will offer fundamental information to develop a strategy of inducing apoptosis of skin cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:Bcl-XL protein is markedly decreased in UVB-irradiated basal cell carcinoma cell lines through proteasome-mediated degradation. 1921 27

Sun worship has existed for thousands of years and the popularity of sunbathing and tanning salons proves that it still exists today. Overexposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun and tanning beds is a major cause of skin damage and the main cause of precancerous and cancerous skin lesions. Regardless of the many warnings about the dangers of sun exposure and the many sunscreen products available, a significant number of people develop these lesions. The most common sun-induced pre-cancerous lesion is solar keratosis, or actinic keratosis. Unless detected and treated, actinic keratosis can progress to skin cancer. The three main types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. All can be cured if caught early and treated promptly. A number of treatment options are available for skin cancers, including topical preparations, systemic chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgery. The best treatment option depends on the type and location of lesion, the stage of the lesion, and the needs of the individual patient.
...
PMID:Dermatological effects from years in the sun: compounding opportunities. 2397 11


1 2 Next >>