Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 453 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histochemical methods and energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis (EDX-analysis) were evaluated in model experiments and on tissue sections for their usefulness in detecting traces of metals in biological tissue. The goal for this study was to establish a method for localization of nickel deposits in the nasal mucosa, where it has been found in concentrations between 1 and 40 microgram/g in nickel exposed individuals. The histochemical methods tested were staining with dimethylglyoxime, rubeanic acid and dithizone, the Turnbull and Prussian blue methods and TIMM'S sulphide silver procedure. In model experiments nickel-, cobalt-, copper-, zinc- and ironsalts were applied to thin-layer chromatography sheets (TLC-sheets) and stained by the histochemical methods. Spots containing 500 and 50 ng of these metals represented the smallest amounts that could consistently be detected in these experiments, except for the sulphide silver method which seemed a little more sensitive. With the latter method, moreover, zinc was detected in 40 micrometer thick cryostat sections of gelatine made up with 1 microgram/g of the metal. For nickel the corresponding figure was 10 to 50 microgram/g. On specimens of nasal mucosa from nickel-exposed workers, a faint colour was obtained in 40 micron thick cryostat sections from specimens that had been immersed in dithizone, but the colour was too weak for histological analysis. None of the other coloured chelating agents caused noticeable staining when applied to blocks or to cryostat sections. TIMM'S sulphide silver method caused strong staining of the basal layers of the surface epithelium and of fibroblast-like cells in the underlying connective tissue. This staining pattern is described in more detail in a separate report. Rat liver tissue was analyzed by atomic absorption before and after araldite embedding. Blocks of gelatine made up with nickel, copper, zinc and iron were embedded in epoxy resin and analyzed by atomic absorption. Large changes in the metal concentrations, usually an increase, were found after embedding. Ultrathin sections from this material were used to test the sensitivity of the EDX-equipment. Referring to the concentrations determined by atomic absorption in the embedded material, iron was detected at 1215 microgram/g and 362 microgram/g (gelatine standards) but not at 167 microgram/g (rat liver). Similar values could not be determined for nickel, copper or zinc, because of background radiation resulting from the presence of these metals in the instrument. We did not succeed in establishing a procedure for detecting nickel deposits in nasal mucosa with any of the methods which were tested. The most sensitive but least specific of the tested methods for visualizing heavy metals in the nasal mucosa, was TIMM'S sulphide silver procedure. The preparation of tissue for this method is discussed.
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PMID:Topochemistry of trace metals in nasal mucosa. Potentialities of some histochemical methods and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. 10 52

Neurohistologic investigations on 16 autotransplants of the rabbit ear ranging from 3 weeks to 18 months after replantation are described. This study investigated degeneration and regeneration of the adrenergic nerves of the vascular system and the afferent endings in hairy skin. Histochemical techniques, including hematoxylin-eosin staining by cholinesterase and glyoxylic acid fluorescence, and impregnation techniques with silver and osmium-zinc iodide were used. Central nerve reinnervation was started as early as 3 weeks after autotransplantation and usually was completed after 8 weeks. Spotty small areas of incomplete reinnervation could be found in the skin adnexa (hairs) even after 18 months. After transplantation the regeneration nerves were not attached to the vascular wall and were not incorporated in the Schwann cells of the distal parts of the transected and repaired vessels. The newly formed adrenergic nerve plexus was less dense than the normal one. Areas of patchy reinnervation and denervation were observed in peripheral vessels after 18 months. The defects in the restoration of the adrenergic vascular plexus similar to insufficient afferent reinnervation of skin and vessels may be responsible for the cold intolerance seen clinically and experimentally.
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PMID:The nerve response after autotransplantation of the rabbit ear. 669 30

The conditioned medium of the murine macrophage PU5.1.8 was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in order to detect LPS-induced proteins. Spots of interest were identified by microsequencing of internal peptides generated by limited in situ acid hydrolysis. In total conditioned medium, several monokines (TNF-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and 1 beta) were identified as LPS-induced spots. Because minor spots could be masked by the complexity of the 2-D pattern, conditioned medium was successively fractionated by zinc precipitation and affinity chromatography (Procion red and Con A agarose). Zinc supernatant fraction, Procion red flow-through, and Con A eluate fractions were further analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis for the presence of LPS-induced spots. In these fractions serum amyloid A3, lipocalin 24p3, cathepsin B, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I were characterized as LPS-induced proteins secreted by macrophages. Lipocalin 24p3 protein was retrieved for the first time. In addition to these proteins that follow a classical secretory pathway, several cellular proteins (mainly ribosomal proteins) were retrieved as LPS-induced proteins in the conditioned medium. Control experiments argue against the obvious explanation that the latter observation is caused solely by cellular leakage.
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PMID:Identification by microsequencing of lipopolysaccharide-induced proteins secreted by mouse macrophages. 833 46

To identify a growth-promoting activity related to retinoblastoma-interacting-zinc-finger (RIZ) protein, differential protein expression of MCF-7 cell lines expressing the zinc-finger or the proline-rich domain of RIZ protein was analyzed by a robust bottom-up mass-spectrometry proteomic approach. Spots corresponding to qualitative and quantitative differences in protein expression have been selected and identified. Some of these proteins have been previously reported as being associated with different types of carcinomas or involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Knowledge of specific differentially expressed proteins by MCF-7-derived cell lines expressing RIZ different domains will provide the basis for identifying a growth-promoting activity related to RIZ gene products.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of MCF-7 cell lines expressing the zinc-finger or the proline-rich domain of retinoblastoma-interacting-zinc-finger protein. 1667 7