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 453 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients with clinical diagnosis of brain death were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Aortography with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) was also performed in nine patients. MR imaging indications of the flow void phenomenon were evaluated in the cavernous portion of internal carotid artery (ICA) and the middle or anterior cerebral artery, and compared with the IADSA findings. The relative intensities of gray and white matters were also measured. MR imaging showed that flow voids were absent in the ICA in all eight patients in whom non-filling was confirmed by IADSA. In one patient, IADSA demonstrated intracranial flow despite the diagnosis of brain death and the flow void pattern was normal. Serial MR imaging showed disappearance or abnormality of flow voids after brain death in six patients and absence before brain death in one. Spotty flow voids became visible in the unilateral ICA of one case after brain death. Partial residual flow voids may be caused by to-and-fro blood movement which was demonstrated by transcranial Doppler sonography. The normal flow void pattern was seen in none of these patients, therefore absence of flow voids indicates cessation of intracranial blood flow. Proton density and T2-weighted MR images showed dissociated intensity changes between white and gray matters, which were thought to be characteristic of brain death. In conclusion, MR imaging can achieve non-invasive diagnosis of the non-filling phenomenon in patients with brain death.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of brain death. 886 53

Chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli are largely asymptomatic, however, infection with the closely related species, Campylobacter hepaticus, can result in Spotty Liver Disease (SLD). C. hepaticus has been detected in the liver, bile, small intestine and caecum of SLD affected chickens. The survival and colonization mechanisms that C. hepaticus uses to colonize chickens remain unknown. In this study, we compared the genome sequences of 14 newly sequenced Australian isolates of C. hepaticus, isolates from outbreaks in the United Kingdom, and reference strains of C. jejuni and C. coli, with the aim of identifying virulence genes associated with SLD. We also carried out global comparative transcriptomic analysis between C. hepaticus recovered from the bile of SLD infected chickens and C. hepaticus grown in vitro. This revealed how the bacteria adapt to proliferate in the challenging host environment in which they are found. Additionally, biochemical experiments confirmed some in silico metabolic predictions. We found that, unlike other Campylobacter sp., C. hepaticus encodes glucose and polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism pathways. This study demonstrated the metabolic plasticity of C. hepaticus, which may contribute to survival in the competitive, nutrient and energy-limited environment of the chicken. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that gene clusters associated with glucose utilization, stress response, hydrogen metabolism, and sialic acid modification may play an important role in the pathogenicity of C. hepaticus. An understanding of the survival and virulence mechanisms that C. hepaticus uses will help to direct the development of effective intervention methods to protect birds from the debilitating effects of SLD.
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PMID:Survival Mechanisms of Campylobacter hepaticus Identified by Genomic Analysis and Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of in vivo and in vitro Derived Bacteria. 3080 5