Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 453 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gomori reported that aldehyde fuchsin stained the granules of pancreatic islet beta cells selectively and without need of permanganate pretreatment. Others adopted permanganate oxidation because it makes staining faster though much less selective. All aldehyde fuchsins are not equivalent, being made from "basic fuchsin" whose composition may vary from pure pararosanilin to one of its methylated homologs, rosanilin or a mixture. Mowry et al. have shown that only aldehyde fuchsin made from pararosanilin stained unoxidized pancreatic beta cells (PBC). Aldehyde fuchsins made from methylated homologs of pararosanilin stain PBC cells only after oxidation, which induces basophilia of other cells as well; these are less selective for PBC. Is the staining of PBC by aldehyde fuchsins due to insulin? Others have been unable to stain pure insulin with aldehyde fuchsins except in polyacrylamide gels and only after oxidation with permanganate. They have concluded that insulin contributed to the staining of oxidized but not of unoxidized PBC. This view denies any inherent validity of the more selective staining of unoxidized PBC cells as an indication of their insulin content. We describe here indisputable staining of unoxidized pure insulins by aldehyde fuchsin made with pararosanilin. Dried spots of insulin dissolved in the stain unless fixed beforehand. Spots of dried insulin solution made on various support media and fixed in warm formalin vapor were colored strongly by the stain. Insulin soaked Gelfoam sponges were dried, fixed in formalin vapor and processed into paraffin. In unoxidized paraffin sections, presumed insulin inside gel spaces was stained strongly by aldehyde pararosanilin. Finally, the renal tubules of unoxidized paraffin sections of kidneys from insulin-injected mice fixed in either Bouin's fluid or formalin were loaded with material stained deeply by aldehyde pararosanilin. This material was absent in renal tubules of mice receiving no insulin. The material in the spaces of insulin-soaked gels and in the renal tubules of insulin-injected mice was proven to be insulin by specific immunostaining of duplicate sections. The same material was also stained by aldehyde pararosanilin used after permanganate. So, this dye stains oxidized or unoxidized insulin if fixed adequately.
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PMID:Aldehyde pararosanilin (true aldehyde fuchsin) stains purified insulin, oxidized or not, following adequate fixation with either formalin or Bouin's fluid. 246 18

We detected mouse liver malate, sorbitol and aldehyde dehydrogenases by negative staining, analysis of malate and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities using each substrate, and electron transfers including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nitroblue tetrazolium in non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gel. Dehydrogenases were also identified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) after 2-DE separation and protein detection by negative staining. Spots of dehydrogenases separated by 2-DE were excised, and simultaneously transferred and immobilized on polyvinylidene difuoride (PVDF) resin by electrophoresis. The dehydrogenase activities remained intact after immobilization. In conclusion, resin-immobilized dehydrogenases can be simultaneously obtained after separation by non-denaturing 2-DE, detection by negative staining and transferring to resins.
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PMID:Simultaneous immobilization of dehydrogenases on polyvinylidene difluoride resin after separation by non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis. 1850 Dec 53