Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Diabetes mellitus is defined as an hereditary chronic metabolic disease due to an absolute or relative shortage of insulin. There are various types to be differentiated, among others, (I) the insulin-dependent and mostly juvenile type, and (II) the insulin-independent type, which mainly appears in later life. We discuss three main groups of cutaneous diseases. Infections of the skin and underlying tissue predominantly occur along with an acutely disturbed metabolic situation. The late diabetic syndrome includes macroangiopathy (arteriosclerosis) and microangiopathy (rubeosis, necrobiotic granulomas, diabetic skin spots, epidermolysis bullosa diabetica, gangrene). Owing to failure of sensible, motor, or autonomous fibers, diabetic neuropathy may lead to various symptoms - in the extreme case, to neuropathic malum perforans. The diabetic foot represents a collection of various diabetic complications in both early and late stages.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and skin diseases]. 639 Oct 4

Pustula tragopogonis (Pers.) Thines (2), formerly known as Albugo tragopogonis (Pers.) Gray, causes white rust on some members of the Asteraceae. It has been reported to attack cultivated sunflower in several parts of the world, for example, North America (1) and South Africa (3), but has not been previously reported on sunflower in Germany. During June 2003, the first diseased plants were observed in a sunflower field near Stuttgart, where sunflowers were grown as ornamentals. During 2004, P. tragopogonis was found in several ornamental sunflower fields in southern Germany. In some cases, P. tragopogonis co-occurred with Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berl. & De Toni on the same plants. After a cold winter, the first diseased plants for 2005 were observed during June in the area around Stuttgart. The percentage of affected plants in the sunflower fields varied considerably, ranging from 20 to 80%. Only small lesions with oospores could be found on petioles and stems of infected plants. The typical spots with white blisters were observed mostly on leaves in the upper half of the plants, but also occurred on the bracteoles of the flower heads. Spots were chlorotic on the upper side of the leaf and exhibited whitish pustules on the lower side of the leaf. Pustules were concentrated around the margins of the leaves, but also were observed scattered on the whole lower surface. Light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as polymerase chain reaction and internal transcribed spacer sequencing were applied to identify the attacking pathogen as P. tragopogonis. Infection tests under laboratory conditions also proved the pathogenicity of the attacking agent to oilseed sunflower. Since the pathogen has survived the harsh winter months of early 2005 and appeared in three consecutive seasons, the disease seems now to be established in southern Germany and is expected to spread into other regions. References: (1) T. J. Gulya et al. Plant Dis. 86:559, 2002. (2) M. Thines and O. Spring. Mycotaxon 92:443, 2005. (3) P. S. van Wyk et al. Helia 22:83, 1995.
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PMID:First Report of Pustula tragopogonis, the Cause of White Rust on Cultivated Sunflower in Southern Germany. 3078 92