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Query: UMLS:C0848332 (Spots)
 453 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histochemical methods and energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis (EDX-analysis) were evaluated in model experiments and on tissue sections for their usefulness in detecting traces of metals in biological tissue. The goal for this study was to establish a method for localization of nickel deposits in the nasal mucosa, where it has been found in concentrations between 1 and 40 microgram/g in nickel exposed individuals. The histochemical methods tested were staining with dimethylglyoxime, rubeanic acid and dithizone, the Turnbull and Prussian blue methods and TIMM'S sulphide silver procedure. In model experiments nickel-, cobalt-, copper-, zinc- and ironsalts were applied to thin-layer chromatography sheets (TLC-sheets) and stained by the histochemical methods. Spots containing 500 and 50 ng of these metals represented the smallest amounts that could consistently be detected in these experiments, except for the sulphide silver method which seemed a little more sensitive. With the latter method, moreover, zinc was detected in 40 micrometer thick cryostat sections of gelatine made up with 1 microgram/g of the metal. For nickel the corresponding figure was 10 to 50 microgram/g. On specimens of nasal mucosa from nickel-exposed workers, a faint colour was obtained in 40 micron thick cryostat sections from specimens that had been immersed in dithizone, but the colour was too weak for histological analysis. None of the other coloured chelating agents caused noticeable staining when applied to blocks or to cryostat sections. TIMM'S sulphide silver method caused strong staining of the basal layers of the surface epithelium and of fibroblast-like cells in the underlying connective tissue. This staining pattern is described in more detail in a separate report. Rat liver tissue was analyzed by atomic absorption before and after araldite embedding. Blocks of gelatine made up with nickel, copper, zinc and iron were embedded in epoxy resin and analyzed by atomic absorption. Large changes in the metal concentrations, usually an increase, were found after embedding. Ultrathin sections from this material were used to test the sensitivity of the EDX-equipment. Referring to the concentrations determined by atomic absorption in the embedded material, iron was detected at 1215 microgram/g and 362 microgram/g (gelatine standards) but not at 167 microgram/g (rat liver). Similar values could not be determined for nickel, copper or zinc, because of background radiation resulting from the presence of these metals in the instrument. We did not succeed in establishing a procedure for detecting nickel deposits in nasal mucosa with any of the methods which were tested. The most sensitive but least specific of the tested methods for visualizing heavy metals in the nasal mucosa, was TIMM'S sulphide silver procedure. The preparation of tissue for this method is discussed.
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PMID:Topochemistry of trace metals in nasal mucosa. Potentialities of some histochemical methods and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. 10 52

As part of a continuing comparison of nuclear proteins of tumors and other tissues, 32P-labeled nuclear proteins were extracted successively with 0.15 and 0.35 m NaC1 from the nuclei of normal, regenerating, and thioacetamide-treated rat liver as well as Novikoff hepatoma 3 hr after injection of 32Pi into rats. Separation of proteins of these fractions with aqueous phenol was carried out before two-dimensional electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. By autoradiography many common spots were found, but four 32P-labeled protein spots, CU', C13p, C21p, and CMp, were found in the Novikoff hepatoma and not in the various liver samples studied. Two spots, B6 and B10, were found in the liver patterns and not in the tumor. Sot B33 was very dense in regenerating liver but was only a faint spot in thioacetamide-treated liver. The greater density of Spots CU', C13p, C21p, and CMp in the tumor patterns is consistent with the increased density reported earlier for spots of the C-region of a variety of tumors.
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PMID:Comparison of nuclear nonhistone phosphoproteins of rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma. 19 45

Cetylpyridinium chloride uniquely facilitated the isolation of nuclei from AH-66 hepatoma ascites cells in an isotonic medium without homogenization because of its strong solubilization of their plasma membranes, which were resistant to mechanical shearing with the commonly used nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, and Tween 80. Virtually all the nuclei in a population of AH-66 cells (10(6)/ml) can be isolated with 0.2% cetylpyridinium chloride. The isolated nuclei were free of adherent cytoplasm, maintained satisfactory morphology, and had high activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphorylase. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the acid-soluble nuclear proteins of the AH-66 hepatoma nuclei isolated by the cetylpyridinium chloride procedure as well as by the citric acid procedure revealed that Spots Ac and C16-C18 were significantly intense in the gel pattern. Unexpectedly, Spot A10 was absent from the gel pattern of AH-66 hepatoma nuclei.
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PMID:Isolation and some biochemical characteristics of nuclei from AH-66 hepatoma cells. 19 19

Adult, untrained NMRI mice were exhausted on a motor-driven treadmill by an intermittent-type running programme. Serial cryostate sections for the staining of NADH-tetrazolium reductase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-glycerophosphatase activities and for making hematoxylin-eosin staining were cut from m. quadriceps femoris 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 15 days after physical exhaustion. A strong increase in the activities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was observed 7 days after exhaustion and the activity changes, which were similar for the both glycosidases, were more prominent in the highly oxidative red compared to less oxidative white fibres. Activity granules were more numerous in the perinuclear than the interfibrillar area of red fibres. Spots were arranged like longitudinal chains between myofibrils. Activity in connective tissue was usually observed only in animals exhausted 3--7 days earlier. Simultaneous activity in fibres exceeded that in connective tissue. beta-Glycerophosphatase activity was not, by the method used, seen in histologically "healthy" or normal-looking fibres. In samples taken 2--5 days after exhaustion some degenerating and necrotic fibres were observed. Inflammatory reaction was also observed being at its strongest five days after loading when mononuclear cells were seen inside necrotic fibres. The number of regenerating muscle cells was most abundant 7 days after exhaustion. It is suggested that temporary hypoxia, which accompanies exhaustive physical exercise in skeletal muscle, upsets the energy metabolism and homeostasis of fibres and causes the observed histological and histochemical alterations, which possess features typical of both lethal and sublethal acute cell injury.
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PMID:Exhaustive physical exercise and acid hydrolase activity in mouse skeletal muscle. A histochemical study. 21 5

In an experiment with black guinea pigs a phenocopy of vitiligo was obtained by means of the exposure of the skin to the action of p-tert-butyl-phenol (PTBP) or to catechol (C). Two other compounds: 2,2-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane (DDP) and 2, 4, 6-tri-tert-butyl-phenol (TTBP) exerted a hypopigmentary effect. PTBP and C depigmented the skin but caused no preceding inflammation. Spots of depigmented (white) skin and hairs were surrounded by a zone of hyperpigmentation. Leukoderma proved to be stable, in some cases irreversible, and exhibited a tendency to progressing and spontaneous dissemination. In the experiments with Drosophila melanogaster both PTBP and C were observed to possess a morphogenetic capacity: they induced a change in the puparium colour (C), as well as of the colour of body and wings of adult flies, inducing also disturbances of wing development practically in 100% of individuals to which these substances were administrated with food at the larval stage. None of the four preparations tested exerted any mutagenic effect in cells of imaginal buds of Drosophila melanogaster.
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PMID:[An experimental study of the morphogenetic properties of several phenols inducing phenocopies of vitiligo]. 81 74

We have set out to establish a nomenclature for ribosomal proteins which transcends, as far as is possible, the species from which the ribosomes were isolated. Initally, we identified individual proteins of rat liver by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and comparison with the classification system established by others (Sherton, C.C., and Wool, I.G. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 4460-4467). This was possible with minor modifications. We carried out a detailed comparison of the rat liver proteins with those of chick liver; parallel separate and mixed preparations of ribosomal subunits from the two species were made. Spots on the two-dimensional gels were carefully scrutinized for possible species differences. Proteins which gave congruent spots for the separate and the mixed preparations were tentatively assumed to be identical between the two species. For these proteins, a species-independent nomenclature was adopted. Contrary to earlier reports, a number of proteins were found which were not identical between the two species. These were assigned a species-specific nomenclature. In all, 7 proteins in the small subunit and 17 from the large subunit of the rat liver ribosome were found to be significantly different in the chick. The evolutionary implications of this are discussed.
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PMID:Evolutionary microdivergence of chick and rat liver ribosomal proteins. 92 36

A method has been developed for the determination of perazine, clozapine, imipramine and amitriptyline and their demethylated metabolites in plasma. Other metabolites measured were perazine sulfoxide and the N-oxides of clozapine and perazine, the latter two following their reduction to the parent drugs with ascorbic acid. 10-Hydroxynortriptyline was identified as an amitriptyline metabolite in plasma. The general procedure included extraction of alkalinized plasma samples (3 - 6 g) with benzene or toluene and thin layer chromatography of the extracts, followed by reflectance photometry of the plates at appropriate wave lengths in ultraviolet light. Spots of questionable identity were further characterized by two-dimensional chromatography and by colour reactions. Therecoveries of compounds added in therapeutic concentrations were between 70 and 98 %. The limits of detectability were 5 - 10 ng/g plasma.
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PMID:Measurement of plasma levels of tricylic psychoactive drugs and their metabolites by UV reflectance photometry of thin layer chromatograms. 97 9

Spots of light were used to measure the light sensitivity of spatially separated regions of single Limulus photoreceptors. The desensitization caused by irradiating part of the cell was largest in the irradiated region. The desensitization caused by intracellular calcium ion injection was largest near the infection site. The spread of desensitization away from the injection site suggests that calcium ion can diffuse over neuronal dimensions, but that the effective rate of diffusion is not so high as to abolish calcium gradients. The results are compatible with the previously proposed hypothesis that a rise in the intracellular calcium ion concentration mediates light adaptation.
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PMID:Localized desensitization of Limulus photoreceptors produced by light or intracellular calcium ion injection. 111 39

Local adaptation was demonstrated in the ventral photoreceptors of Lumulus using either flashes or continuous illumination. Spots of light locally desensitized the region of the photoreceptor on which they were focused. In dark-adapted photoreceptors where "quantum bumps" were clearly discernible, local adaptation of the quantum bumps was observed. Local adaptation could induce differences of threshold of 1 decade over distances of 50-80 mum. With continuous local illumination these gradients could be maintained from 2 s to 30 min. In addition, the decrease in time scale associated with light adaptation was also found to be localized to the region of illumination.
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PMID:Local adaptation in the ventral photoreceptors of Limulus. 119 90

From Dec. 1988 to Dec. 1990, fifty cases of metastatic liver tumors were examined with IADSA. The present article analysed the DSA imaging in this series and divided the DSA appearances of the tumor vessels into five types: 1. Dilatation and enlargement, 29 cases (58%); 2. Stricture and narrowing, 17 cases (34%); 3. Zigzag and tangle, 39 cases (78%); 4. Intermittence and discontinuance, 20 cases (40%); 5. Removement and encirclement, 34 cases (68%). Sometimes several types could be found in one case. There were two cases in this group without any tumor vessels. The DSA appearances of tumor stains were also divided into four types: 1. Circular, cystiform and honeycomb-like, 9 cases (18%). 2. Nodular masses, 13 cases (26%). 3. Spots and flakes, 8 cases (16%). 4. Wadding-like, 15 cases (30%). There were 5 cases without any tumor stains. In no case there was AVM or cancerous embolus in portal vein. In this series, hypervascular lesions were observed in 17 cases (34%), midvascular lesions in 25 cases (50%), and hypovascular lesions in 8 cases (16%).
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PMID:[Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) in liver metastases]. 129 Dec 93


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