Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A counterbalanced design with two groups of nondiabetic medical students, each serving the other as a control when undergoing examination, was used to evaluate the diagnostic importance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a measure of chronic stress. As previous studies suggested, significant statistical differences were found for the group conditions, but no time effects. Closer examination showed a considerable overlap of the two frequency distributions, however. Using the cross point of the two curves as a cutoff, sensitivity of diagnostic decisions based on the HbA1c scores alone would be about .6 and specificity about .7 As with most physiological measures of acute stress, the correlation coefficients of the used psychological inventories and the HbA1c scores were generally low. Among the scales specific for the situation, only control and competence expectancy reached significance (r = -.31); among the personality traits, only anxiety and the blunting scores of the Miller Behavioral Style Scale met the significance criterion.
 ...
PMID:Glycated hemoglobin as a physiological measure of stress and its relations to some psychological stress indicators. 969

Fish hematological changes during osmotic and cold stress are used to introduce the physiological reactions of the animal to an acute stress. Brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) were subjected to 1 h of stress before being anesthetized and having blood taken from their caudal vein. Glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and osmolarity were determined in the blood samples. Analyses showed that glucose concentration tends to increase and hematocrit tends to decrease in stressed fish. Changes in hemoglobin concentration occurred only in cold-stressed fish. A rise in blood glucose concentration is the result of cortisol secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The glucose produced is used as an osmolyte or energy source to resist or combat the stress. In stressed fish, changes in hematocrit could be the result of the osmoconcentration of the blood plasma, as shown by the increase in osmolarity for the same group. In cold-stressed fish, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration could be the result of hemodilution by body cell water.
 ...
PMID:Use of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) physiological responses to stress as a teaching exercise. 1090 23

Relocation stress may be one factor increasing the mortality rate of people who are severely and profoundly retarded (S/P MR) when they transfer from institutional to community living arrangements. However, no research exists concerning acute stress effects with groups who are S/P MR. In this project, 28 residents of a state facility for those with S/P MR were exposed to five-minute structured educational tasks. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after the stressor. Granulocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and plasma protein increased while monocytes decreased after stress. Immune cell subsets did not change significantly. Hemoconcentration, an important factor in thrombosis and ischemia, may relate to relocation stress in S/P MR populations. Methodological factors limit generalization but additional research with larger samples, more indices of stress, more poststress blood samples, and additional stressors are encouraged.
 ...
PMID:Hematological and immunological acute mental stress responses of people who are severely and profoundly mentally retarded. 1110 Jul 98

We prospectively evaluated 52 consecutive cases of newly identified absolute lymphocytosis to determine the hematologic and immunophenotypic features of transient stress lymphocytosis (TSL). The lymphocytosis in all cases was associated with an acute stressful event and ranged from 4,000 to 10,400/microL (4.0-10.4 x 10(9)/L). Compared with healthy individuals, patients with TSL showed an increase in the total WBC, absolute lymphocyte (ALC), absolute neutrophil (ANC), and platelet counts with no difference in hemoglobin levels. Immunophenotypic analyses of 38 cases revealed increases in absolute numbers of T B, and natural killer cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased, predominantly accountedfor by an increase in memory cell subsets, with no change in gamma/delta T cells. Follow-up studies showed a significant reduction in the ALC with a concurrent increase in the ANC and reduction in hemoglobin values. The reduction in lymphocytes at resolution was accompanied by reduction in all broad Iymphocyte subsets. However, naive and memory subsets showed different patterns of alteration within the CD4+ and CD8+ populations, suggesting that acute stress differentially affects the in vivo distribution of these subsets.
 ...
PMID:Transient stress lymphocytosis: an immunophenotypic characterization of the most common cause of newly identified adult lymphocytosis in a tertiary hospital. 1209 Apr 34

This study was designed to assess the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on stress-induced hemoconcentration and cardiovascular reactivity during acute stress in smokers. Forty-six smokers (>or=10 cigarettes per day) were tested twice, once while wearing a 21 mg nicotine patch for 12h and once while wearing a placebo patch (nicotine withdrawal). Calculated plasma volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit, HR, SBP, DBP, cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were assessed during a 10-min baseline period, 6-min Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task (PASAT), and a 2-min cold pressor (CP). No differences between conditions were found for any of the hematological measurements. Participants demonstrated greater HR and SBP increases to the PASAT during the nicotine withdrawal condition. For CP, participants showed greater HR and DBP increases and SV decreases during the nicotine withdrawal condition. Data from affective state ratings indicated that participants reported more negative affect during the psychological challenges during nicotine withdrawal conditions. Negative affective state may further lead to enhanced cardiovascular reactivity. These results demonstrate that although nicotine and nicotine withdrawal significantly have differential effects on cardiovascular functioning, the same differential condition effects do not appear to exist for stress-induced hemoconcentration.
 ...
PMID:Nicotine and acute stress: effects of nicotine versus nicotine withdrawal on stress-induced hemoconcentration and cardiovascular reactivity. 1618 27

The biochemical effects of acute and chronic psychological stress have been investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a combination of 1H NMR spectral analysis of plasma and conventional hematological analyses. Animals were subjected to 35 consecutive days of 6-h sessions of stress, and following a 9 day break, were stressed for a further 6-h period. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h on days 1, 9, 21, 35, and 44, measured using 600 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy, and analyzed by Principal Components Analysis. Time-dependent biochemical effects of psychological stress on a range of endogenous metabolites were evident and were correlated with the intensity of the stress response as defined by corticosterone and hematological parameters. Following acute stress, increases in the levels of glucose and ketone bodies, and decreases in the levels of acetate, alanine, isoleucine, lactate, leucine, valine, and lipoproteins, were observed. Chronic stress-induced increases in plasma levels of alanine, lactate (day 9), and leucine, valine, and choline (day 44) and decreases in acetate (day 9) and lipoprotein concentrations were observed. Positive correlations between plasma corticosterone level and glucose and glycerol, and between plasma lipoprotein concentrations and hemoglobin levels, were established using Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) analysis. This study indicates the potential of using NMR-based metabonomic strategies for the characterization of endogenous metabolic perturbations induced by psychological stressors and lifestyle choices.
 ...
PMID:Metabonomic studies on the physiological effects of acute and chronic psychological stress in Sprague-Dawley rats. 1747 65

Experiments on a group of 39 Wistar albino male rats showed that, 2 and 5 days after a model acute stress procedure, the total amount of erythrocytes is increased. This process is accompanied by a hypochromia of red cells and by a decrease in the concentration of serum iron. Single administration of mexidol (100 mg/kg) before stress induction prevents changes in the amount of blood erythrocytes, as well as in their saturation with hemoglobin. Mexidol also prevents a decrease in the level of serum iron. The drug does not influence the hematological parameters and iron concentration in blood serum of intact animals 2 and 5 days after injection.
 ...
PMID:[The regulatory effect of mexidol on the hemoglobin level under acute stress conditions]. 1807 2

Increased fetal hemoglobin expression in adulthood is associated with acute stress erythropoiesis. However, the mechanisms underlying gamma-globin induction during the rapid expansion of adult erythroid progenitor cells have not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined COUP-TFII as a potential repressor of gamma-globin gene after stem cell factor (SCF) stimulation in cultured human adult erythroid progenitor cells. We found that COUP-TFII expression is suppressed by SCF through phosphorylation of serine/threonine phosphatase (PP2A) and correlated well with fetal hemoglobin induction. Furthermore, down-regulation of COUP-TFII expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increases the gamma-globin expression during the erythroid maturation. Moreover, SCF-increased expression of NF-YA associated with redox regulator Ref-1 and cellular reducing condition enhances the effect of SCF on gamma-globin expression. Activation of Erk1/2 plays a critical role in SCF modulation of downstream transcriptional factor COUP-TFII, which is involved in the regulation of gamma-globin gene induction. Our data show that SCF stimulates Erk1/2 MAPK signaling pathway, which regulates the downstream repressor COUP-TFII by inhibiting serine/threonine phosphatase 2A activity, and that decreased COUP-TFII expression resulted in gamma-globin reactivation in adult erythropoiesis. These observations provide insight into the molecular pathways that regulate gamma-globin augmentation during stress erythropoiesis.
 ...
PMID:SCF induces gamma-globin gene expression by regulating downstream transcription factor COUP-TFII. 1940 63

The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) assay provides a reliable measure of chronic glycemia and correlates well with the risk of long-term diabetes complications, so that it is currently considered the test of choice for monitoring and chronic management of diabetes. Recently, HbA1c testing has been included within the diagnostic criteria recommended for diagnosis of diabetes in nonpregnant individuals by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The emerging concept that HbA1c can be used rather than blood glucose in the diagnosis of diabetes is highly appealing for a variety of reasons, including less sensitivity to preanalytical variables, lower within subject biological variability, little to null interference from diurnal variations, acute stress and common drugs which are known to influence glucose metabolism, as well as the fact that one single measurement might provide information for both diagnosing diabetes and tracking glycemic control. On the other hand, the use of HbA1c for screening and diagnosing diabetes also carries some limitations, including the worse diagnostic performance in different populations (i.e., pregnancy, elderly and non-Hispanic blacks), the risk of overdiagnosis in subjects with iron deficiency anemia, in subjects genetically predisposed to hyperglycation, and in those with increased red blood cell turnover. There is also a higher risk of misdiagnosis in patients with end-stage renal disease and heavy alcohol consumption. Finally, HbA1c testing might be biased due to the interference from several hemoglobin variants, is characterized by a higher imprecision than blood glucose measurement, and is more expensive. This paper will critically summarize the potential advantages and limitations of HbA1c as a recommended test for diagnosing diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): old dogmas, a new perspective? 2046 76

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), reaching epidemic proportions in humans, has emerged as a disease in aging captive populations of adult chimpanzees; however, little information is available regarding T2DM in chimpanzees. Our goals were to: (1) distinguish between normal, healthy chimpanzees and those with early (prediabetes) or advanced diabetes; (2) establish and compare the fasting (16 h) blood glucose reference range for chimpanzees at our facility with published reference ranges; and (3) establish hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reference intervals for healthy, nondiabetic chimpanzees and define threshold values for prediabetes and diabetes. If reliable, our reference ranges for FBG and HbA1c could become clinical tools for screening animals at risk and for monitoring therapeutic progress. The overall incidence of T2DM in our colony of 260 chimpanzees is 0.8% but is increased to 3.7% in animals older than 30 y (geriatric). For our defined reference intervals, chimpanzees with FBG or HbA1c levels up to the 85th percentile (glucose, less than or equal to 105 mg/dL; HbA1c, less than or equal to 5.0%) were considered healthy; those whose values lay between the 86th and 95th percentiles (glucose, 106 to 119 mg/dL; HbA1c, 5.1% to 5.2%) were possibly prediabetic, and animals whose values exceeded the 95th percentile (glucose, greater than or equal to 120 mg/dL; HbA1c, greater than 5.3%) were identified as potentially having diabetes. We found that our FBG range was comparable to other published results, with a positive correlation between HbA1c and glucose. Furthermore, the negligible HbA1c response to acute stress or recent food consumption suggests that HbA1c is highly useful for evaluating glycemic control during treatment of diabetic chimpanzees and is more informative concerning overall glucose control than are FBG levels alone.
 ...
PMID:Determination of hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose reference intervals in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). 2143 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>