Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cathepsin D preparations have been isolated from the heart of healthy animals and stress-surviving rats by the method of affine chromatography with the hemoglobin-biogel-P300 sorbent. To analysis of the obtained data permits concluding that acute stress stimulates activation of the catalytic function of cathepsin D in the heart. But the period after the stress accompanied by the consecutive proteolysis rate reduction, that can be explained, probably, by a change in enzyme conformation. The concentration of Ca2+ (10(-6), 10(-5) M) and cAMP (10(-7), 10(-6) M) exert a regulating influence on the cathepsin D activity in the heart in acute stress period and after it.
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PMID:[Kinetic properties of rat heart cathepsin D under normal conditions, during emotional-pain stress and in the post-stress period]. 178 75

Metallothionein (MT), a low molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding protein, is induced by many environmental factors and a variety of stimuli. Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) injection is experimentally used to produce acute stress and is an effective inducer of hepatic MT. However, the mechanism of LPS induction of MT is not known. In the present studies, we used two substrains of mice, differing in their production of cytokines after LPS administration, to test the hypothesis that MT induction by LPS is mediated through cytokines. Normal (C3Heb/FeJ) and low cytokine-producing (C3H/HeJ) mice were given various doses of LPS, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and hepatic MT was determined 24 hr later by the Cd/hemoglobin assay. The low-cytokine-producing mice were much less responsive to the induction of MT by LPS (50 vs 150 micrograms MT/g liver after 1.0 mg LPS/kg, ip) than the normal mice, but were equally responsive to the induction of MT by IL-1 (0.03-1.0 microgram/mouse). IL-6 (0.5-5.0 micrograms/mouse), and TNF (0.005-0.5 microgram/mouse). All the cytokines produced a dose-dependent increase of hepatic MT levels in these two murine substrains (up to five- to sevenfold over controls). In conclusion, these data suggest that LPS induction of MT may be mediated through cytokines.
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PMID:Endotoxin induction of hepatic metallothionein is mediated through cytokines. 206 24

Normoglycemic remission has been observed in black non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. Thirty-three patients presented with severe hyperglycemia (mean glucose 682 mg/dl) and were hospitalized for initial treatment. Following intensive outpatient therapy including insulin or sulfonylurea for 0.25 to 96 weeks, they became normoglycemic without pharmacologic treatment. This state was characterized by normal glycosylated hemoglobin levels in 29 of 30 patients and fasting plasma glucose levels of less than or equal to 115 mg/dl in 25 of 33 patients. During clinical remission these individuals were characterized as being lean to moderately obese (body mass index less than 30.5 kg/m), relatively young (45 years of age), and largely male (male:female ratio was 2:1). Thirty percent of the patients underwent normoglycemic remission after 3 months of treatment, 64% within 6 months, and 85% within 12 months. Normoglycemic remission was not related to weight loss or amelioration of stress and lasted from several months to as long 97 months. The results of the oral glucose tolerance test during remission showed that 9 had normal, 7 had impaired, and 17 had diabetic glucose tolerance. Thirteen of the 33 patients relapsed and developed hyperglycemia after a mean of 24.9 months. Relapse was not associated with weight gain or acute stress. Islet cell antibodies were uniformly absent, implying that these individuals did not have an autoimmune form of diabetes. It is not known if remission in non-insulin-dependent diabetes is unique to the black population. Neither the prevalence nor the mechanism of the development of remission is known at this time.
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PMID:Remission in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics of remission and relapse in black patients. 234 23

Skeletal muscle is rich in creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and other enzymes. Many reports describe changes in serum CK and LD following exercise. In our study, 11 male international-class medium-distance runners were followed over a 10-month period prior to the 1984 US Olympic Trials. Cardiorespiratory fitness, evaluated through repetitive treadmill testing, was unchanged in our athletes. Total CK increased significantly during the course of training, and the CK-MB activity was higher than that of sedentary individuals; CK-MB never rose to more than 3% of the total CK. Total LD also rose following acute exercise; however, the proportions of the five isoenzymes were unaltered. There was no change in the LD-1/LD-2 ratio from normal. The origin of the increased serum enzymes was believed to be primarily skeletal muscle. A decrease of serum haptoglobin following acute stress was attributed to intravascular hemolysis and binding of hemoglobin. As expected, serum lactate was dramatically increased immediately postexercise.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzymes, lactate, and haptoglobin following acute physical stress in international-class athletes. 360 43

This study examined the effects of psychological stress on hemoconcentration in women. Hematologic and hemodynamic variables were assessed in 17 women before and after a 3-min speech task. Significant changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin levels, red and white blood cell (WBC) count, and calculated plasma volume occurred during psychological stress (all ps < .05). Significant increases were also observed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and free fatty acid (FFA; all ps < .05) during stress. After statistically correcting for the hemoconcentration effects of decreased plasma volume during stress, only WBC count and FFA concentration remained significantly elevated during the stress task (p < .006 and p < .05, respectively). In sum, acute stress alters hemoconcentration in women, which in turn can account for most stress-induced changes in lipids.
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PMID:Stress-induced hemoconcentration of blood cells and lipids in healthy women during acute psychological stress. 755 35

The authors investigated the impact of environmentally realistic concentrations of cadmium (Cd) on the hematological responses of the eel to acute stress. After 8 weeks of exposure to 150 micrograms Cd/liter, there was a significant reduction in the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct). Total leukocyte counts, leukocrit, and large lymphocytes were significantly increased, while the proportion of small lymphocytes fell. After 8 weeks of Cd exposure, acute stress was induced by a 2-min exposure to CO2 bubbles. The untreated control fish responded strongly by erythrocyte swelling, which was evident from a marked increase in the Hct and mean cellular volume, and a decreased mean cellular hemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, there was a marked granulocytosis and a strong drop in the thrombocyte count. After Cd treatment, the erythrocyte changes were attenuated and shorter, granulocytes were increased, and there was no drop in the thrombocyte count. It appears that the Cd exposure decreased the erythrocyte response to adrenergic stress signals. It also decreased the stress-related granulocytosis, and it prevented the drop of the thrombocyte count.
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PMID:Stress-related changes in the hematological profile of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata). 768 6

Cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP) is a gut-neuropeptide that influences both appetite and carbohydrate metabolism. This study was undertaken to determine whether concentrations of CHP correlated with various clinical markers of nutritional status and progression of HIV infection. Serum concentrations of CHP were analyzed in a clinical sample of 100 HIV-positive patients whose HIV clinical status ranged from asymptomatic to advanced disease with weight loss. We found a relationship between CHP concentrations and serum albumin and hemoglobin levels, markers of chronic nutrition and disease. However, no correlation was seen between CHP and cortisol concentrations, a marker of acute stress. To analyze the relationship of HIV clinical stage and CHP, patients were divided into three subgroups: asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, and clear-cut AIDS. CHP concentrations were significantly correlated with HIV clinical stage. These data lead to the hypothesis that CHP is a marker of disease progression and that it potentially plays a role in modulating the nutrition of HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Relationship between serum cyclo(His-Pro) concentrations and the nutritional status of HIV-infected patients. 813 57

Metallothionein (MT) is a sulfhydryl-rich, metal-binding protein that provides protection against metal toxicity. MT is induced by acute stress, hormones, metals, and various organic compounds. Recently, arsenicals have also been shown to induce MT. However, the mechanism and character of MT induction by arsenicals is unknown. Therefore, the effect of various arsenic forms on the tissue concentration of MT was determined. Mice were injected sc with various doses of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsenate (MMAA), and dimethylarsenate (DMAA), and MT content in the liver was measured 24 hr later by the Cd-hemoglobin radioassay. As(III) is a potent hepatic MT inducer in that a 30-fold increase in MT was observed at the dose of 85 mumol/kg. In comparison, it took 3-, 50-, and 120-fold higher molar amounts of As(V), MMAA, and DMAA, respectively to produce a similar effect. MMAA produces the largest increase in hepatic MT (80-fold), followed by As(III) (30-fold), As(V) (25-fold), and DMAA (10-fold). However, none of the arsenicals induced MT in mouse primary hepatocyte cultures. Both MT-I and MT-II were coordinately induced by As(III), As(V), and MMAA. MT induction by As(III) was further characterized following sc administration of arsenite (85 mumol/kg). Hepatic MT induction peaked at 24 hr, and in addition to the liver, As(III) also increased MT in kidney, spleen, stomach, intestine, heart, and lung. MT-I mRNA increased 24-, 52-, and 11-fold at 3, 6, and 15 hr after As(III) administration. This induction profile is similar to that observed after Zn or Cd exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Induction of metallothionein by arsenicals in mice. 844 90

The ability of parameters like umbilical arterial pH and Apgar-score to predict and/or to reflect fetal distress is limited. It is known that erythropoietin (EPO) increases due to hypoxic stimulation. Therefore we studied the levels of EPO in the cord blood of stressed neonates (n = 75). In addition, reference values for EPO were established in a group of healthy term infants (n = 54) (mean +/- SD: 20.02 +/- 6.4; median 17.8; range 8.7-40.3 (mU/ml]) and in premature infants (n = 77) according to gestational age (median/range: < 30 weeks 11.0, 5.5-17.5; 30-32 weeks 18.1, 5.5-136; 33-34 weeks 17.7, 8.3-422.9; 35-37 weeks 17.3, 5.5-272 [mU/ml]). EPO concentrations significantly increased in the stressed group: in acute stress (n = 27): mean 153.4, range 6.5-641.7 [mU/ml], p < 0.003; and in chronic stress (n = 48): mean 102.6, range 12.4-544 [mU/ml], p < 0.002. However, parameters like hemoglobin, hematocrit, umbilical arterial pH and Apgar-score did not correlate with EPO values. A sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 92% was calculated. We conclude that serum EPO concentrations are capable of detecting acute and chronic stress. In part EPO also allows to grade stress in pregnancies, which are complicated by diseases like preeclampsia.
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PMID:[Erythropoietin as a biochemical parameter for fetal hypoxia]. 856 34

The ability of parameters like umbilical arterial pH and Apgar score to predict and/or to reflect fetal distress are limited. It is known that erythropoietin (EPO) increases when partial pressure of oxygen is insufficient for metabolic demand. Therefore we studied the levels of EPO in the cord blood of stressed neonates (n = 75). In addition, reference values for EPO were established in a group of healthy term infants (n = 54) (mean +/- SD: 20.02 +/- [mU/ml]) and in premature infants (n = 77) according to gestational age. A significant increase in EPO concentrations was found in the stressed group: 153.4 +/- 418.8 [mU/ml], p < 0.003 (n = 27) in acute stress; and 102.6 +/- 127.1 [mU/ml], p < 0.002 (n = 48) in chronic stress. However parameters like hemoglobin, hematocrit, umbilical arterial pH and Apgar-score did not correlate with EPO values. A sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 92% was calculated. We conclude that serum EPO concentrations are capable of detecting acute and chronic stress and could be useful as a screening method. In part EPO concentrations also allow us to grade stress in pregnancies that are complicated by diseases like preeclampsia.
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PMID:Biochemical monitoring of fetal distress with serum-immunoreactive erythropoietin. 870 36


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