Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the acute stress response associated with having to deliver either bad or good medical news using a simulated physician-patient scenario. Twenty-five healthy medical students were randomly assigned to a bad medical news (BN), a good medical news (GN), or a control group that read magazines during the session. Self-report measures were obtained before and after the task. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured throughout the task period. Four blood samples were obtained across the task period. The BN and GN tasks produced significant increases in self-reported distress and cardiovascular responses compared with the control group. There was also a significant increase in natural killer cell function 10 min into the task in the BN group compared with the control group. The BN task was also somewhat more stressful than the GN task, as shown by the self-report and cardiovascular data. These findings suggest that a simulated physician-patient scenario produces an acute stress response in the "physician," with the delivery of bad medical news more stressful than the delivery of good medical news.
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PMID:Physiological and psychological effects of delivering medical news using a simulated physician-patient scenario. 1459 53

Effective immunoprotection requires rapid recruitment of leukocytes into sites of surgery, wounding, infection, or vaccination. In contrast to immunosuppressive chronic stressors, short-term acute stressors have immunoenhancing effects. Here, we quantify leukocyte infiltration within a surgical sponge to elucidate the kinetics, magnitude, subpopulation, and chemoattractant specificity of an acute stress-induced increase in leukocyte trafficking to a site of immune activation. Mice acutely stressed before sponge implantation showed 200-300% higher neutrophil, macrophage, natural killer cell, and T cell infiltration than did nonstressed animals. We also quantified the effects of acute stress on lymphotactin- (LTN; a predominantly lymphocyte-specific chemokine), and TNF-alpha- (a proinflammatory cytokine) stimulated leukocyte infiltration. An additional stress-induced increase in infiltration was observed for neutrophils, in response to TNF-alpha, macrophages, in response to TNF-alpha and LTN, and natural killer cells and T cells in response to LTN. These results show that acute stress initially increases trafficking of all major leukocyte subpopulations to a site of immune activation. Tissue damage-, antigen-, or pathogen-driven chemoattractants subsequently determine which subpopulations are recruited more vigorously. Such stress-induced increases in leukocyte trafficking may enhance immunoprotection during surgery, vaccination, or infection, but may also exacerbate immunopathology during inflammatory (cardiovascular disease or gingivitis) or autoimmune (psoriasis, arthritis, or multiple sclerosis) diseases.
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PMID:Stress-induced enhancement of leukocyte trafficking into sites of surgery or immune activation. 1581 86

This study explores by means of statistical modeling the relations between adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels and distribution and function of peripheral blood cells in response to an acute stressor consisting of a standardized speech task in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastases and distant metastases. As a control group age-matched women participated in this study. The preliminary findings show that the effect of ACTH on immunoreactivity is related to the health of the doctor. In node-positive breast cancer patients and healthy women, ACTH has a modest positive effect on T lymphocyte percentages and on pokeweed-induced proliferation at baseline and in response to the speech task. In contrast, in breast cancer patients with distant metastases, ACTH has a negative effect on T lymphocyte and function at baseline and in response to the stressor. Interestingly, neither ACTH nor cortisol levels were related to natural killer (NK) cell percentages and natural killer cell activity (NKCA). In addition, it appeared that cortisol had a positive effect on CD3 cell percentages when the health of the donor was taken into account. This effect was most distinct on CD3 cells measured at baseline. If replicated on a larger scale, these findings may indicate that the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis plays a role in the adaptation of the host defenses in reaction to acute stress, particularly those involving T lymphocytes. Moreover, these findings may suggest that the health of the donor may be an important effect modification factor in the relations between neuroendocrines and immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Relations of plasma ACTH and cortisol levels with the distribution and function of peripheral blood cells in response to a behavioral challenge in breast cancer: an empirical exploration by means of statistical modeling. 1625 Jul 36


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