Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of acute (15h) and chronic (15h x 7 days) immobilization (IM) stress on plasma levels of nicorandil [N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide nitrate (ester)] administered orally were examined in rats. The maximum plasma level was reached 30 min after administration. Acute IM stress significantly reduced plasma nicorandil levels both in the absorption and elimination phases (15 min and 2-6h after administration, respectively). Chronic IM stress further intensified the reduction of nicorandil levels in the absorption phase, but attenuated the influence of acute stress in the elimination phase. No significant difference was observed one day after removal of chronic IM stress. These results suggest that chronic IM stress markedly inhibits the absorption of nicorandil, but the distribution, metabolism and excretion were influenced more by acute IM stress.
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PMID:Effect of acute and chronic immobilization stress on plasma levels of nicorandil administered orally to rats. 804 35

Niacin (vitamin B(3)) is required to form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are involved in scores of anabolic and catabolic redox reactions throughout metabolism. It is now understood that NAD(+) is also a substrate for several families of ADP-ribosylation reactions, which control processes like DNA repair, replication and transcription, the activity of G-proteins, chromatin structure and intracellular calcium signalling. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the most active of the PARP enzymes, and it has been implicated in both prevention and aggravation of disease processes. Inhibition of poly-ADP-ribose formation will tend to cause genomic instability and tumorigenesis in chronic models of DNA damage, but the same inhibition can prevent many acute disease processes, such as stroke, myocardial infarction and septic shock. In models of acute stress, PARP-1 inhibition may protect cellular NAD pools and prevent nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent inflammatory signalling, while long-term protective roles for PARP-1 include DNA repair and regulation of chromatin structure. Promising new PARP-1 inhibitors may display interactions with dietary niacin status and may have long-term deleterious effects on genomic stability, but may be extremely valuable for the treatment of acute inflammatory conditions.
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PMID:Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 and health. 2046 95

Clinical evidence has shown that stress may be associated with alterations in masticatory muscle functions. Morphological changes in masticatory muscles induced by occlusal alterations and associated with emotional stress are still lacking in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of acute stress on metabolic activity and oxidative stress of masseter muscles of rats subjected to occlusal modification through morphological and histochemical analyses. In this study, adult Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: a group with extraction and acute stress (E+A); group with extraction and without stress (E+C); group without extraction and with acute stress (NO+A); and control group without both extraction and stress (NO+C). Masseter muscles were analyzed by Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Diaphorase (NADH) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) techniques. Statistical analyses and two-way ANOVA were applied, followed by Tukey-Kramer tests. In the SDH test, the E+C, E+A and NO+A groups showed a decrease in high desidrogenase activities fibers (P < 0.05), compared to the NO+C group. In the NADH test, there was no difference among the different groups. In the ROS test, in contrast, E+A, E+C and NO+A groups showed a decrease in ROS expression, compared to NO+C groups (P < 0.05). Modified dental occlusion and acute stress--which are important and prevalent problems that affect the general population--are important etiologic factors in metabolic plasticity and ROS levels of masseter muscles.
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PMID:Metabolic Changes in Masseter Muscle of Rats Submitted to Acute Stress Associated with Exodontia. 2605 38