Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A number of age-related changes have been reported in the catecholamine-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase system. Most of the data available on these alterations come from resting subjects; the response to acute stress may provide additional insights into the age effect on these responses. 2. We measured supine and 10 min upright plasma noradrenaline and lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity in ten healthy elderly subjects (age 66-80 years) and seven healthy young subjects (age 27-34 years). 3. Isoprenaline stimulation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different between supine and upright positions or between elderly and young subjects. There was a marked increase in forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the upright posture in both elderly and young subjects. The increment over supine levels was 70% in the elderly (P less than 0.025) and 73% in the young (P less than 0.05). This enhanced forskolin activity was not seen in two young subjects who became syncopal. 4. These data suggest that enhanced forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity occurs after 10 min of upright posture in both elderly and young subjects, and may be relevant to immediate blood pressure regulation. We were unable to demonstrate any age-related differences in these acute adrenergic responses.
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PMID:Effect of age and posture on human lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity. 334 40

Stress fractures are common overuse injuries of bone attributed to repetitive trauma, training errors, and/or structural abnormalities. A 21-year-old, 252-lb football lineman participating in spring conditioning drills complained of right foot pain following a plantar flexion, inversion injury that occurred while cutting. Pain was concentrated over the dorsum of the foot in both weight bearing and at rest. X-ray evaluation indicated an acute stress fracture of the fourth metatarsal and two nonunions of the second and third metatarsals. Additionally, x-rays revealed metatarsus adductus, a congenital anatomic deformity. The athlete demonstrated compensatory hyperpronation in the right hind foot during a follow-up biomechanical evaluation. He was removed from weightbearing activities, treated symptomatically for pain and swelling, and placed in a rigid orthotic. He has returned to full activity without further incident. This case report emphasizes the important role that biomechanical factors may have in osseous stress injuries.
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PMID:Recurrent metatarsal stress fractures in a college football lineman. 1655 16

The modulatory action of beta-adrenergic and opioidergic pathways on the cortisol response to acute stressors was investigated using gonadectomized male miniature pigs. Three types of stressors, nose-snare (NS, for 2 min. each on four occasions at 30 min. intervals); high intensity cracker blasts (CB, two blasts at 3 min intervals) and ACTH (1 i.u./kg BW, i.v.) were utilized 80 min after start of blood sampling. For assessment of cortisol blood samples were withdrawn every 20 min for 200 min. In addition, animals received i.v. injections of either isoproterenol (5 microg/ kg) or propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) or naloxone (1 mg/kg) 15 or 30 min before the application of stressor. Stress of repeated NS application as well as ACTH treatment, resulted in immediate secretion of cortisol (p<0.001). Blast of crackers resulted in a transient increase in cortisol (p<0.05). Isoproterenol stimulated the basal cortisol secretion for about 20 min in unstressed pigs (p <0.01) but propranolol had no effects. Isoproterenol also reinforced (p<0.05) the effect of CB, but had no effect on the cortisol response to nose-snare. In contrast, response to NS was reduced (p=0.02) by propranolol. Neither isoproterenol nor propranolol altered the cortisol response to ACTH application. Pretreatment with naloxone significantly increased the cortisol response to NS (p<0.01) and to CB (p<0.01), but had no effects on ACTH-induced cortisol release. In conclusion, the beta-adrenergic involvement is evident in the cortisol response to acute stress of nose-snare. Furthermore, the results indicate that activation of endogenous opioid system during stress mitigates adrenal response.
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PMID:Beta-adrenergic and opioidergic modulation of cortisol secretion in response to acute stress. 1770 79

Using a combination of transcriptional profiling and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA, www.ingenuity.com) we investigated acute and chronic psychological stress induced alterations of hepatic gene expression of BALB/c mice. Already after a 2-h single stress session, up-regulation of several LPS and glucocorticoid-sensitive immune response genes and markers related to oxidative stress and apoptotic processes were observed. Support for the existence of oxidative stress was gained by measuring increased protein carbonylation, but no alterations of immune responsiveness or cell death were measured in mice after acute stress compared to the control group. When animals were repeatedly stressed during 4.5-days, we found reduced transcription of antigen presentation molecules, altered mRNA levels of immune cell signaling mediators and persisting high expression of apoptosis-related genes. These alterations were associated with a measurable immune suppression characterized by a reduced ability to clear experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection from the liver and a heightened hepatocyte apoptosis. Moreover, genes associated with anti-oxidative functions and regenerative processes were induced in the hepatic tissue of chronically stressed mice. These findings indicate that modulation of the immune response and of apoptosis-related genes is initiated already during a single acute stress exposure. However, immune suppression will only manifest in repeatedly stressed mice which additionally show induction of protective and liver regenerative genes to prevent further hepatocyte damage.
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PMID:Altered hepatic mRNA expression of immune response and apoptosis-associated genes after acute and chronic psychological stress in mice. 1959 98