Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regulation of zinc metabolism by dibutyryl cAMP, glucagon, and epinephrine was examined in rats fed adequate amounts of zinc. Dibutyryl cAMP, epinephrine, and glucagon each produced an increase in liver metallothionein levels by 10 h after they were first administered. The increase in liver metallothionein was inversely related to the serum zinc concentration. Treatment with dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, accentuated these effects to some extent. Both metallothionein I and II were induced by dibutyryl cAMP and glucagon. Levels of metallothionein mRNA in total liver RNA extracts were measured by dot blot hybridization using a synthetic 21-base oligonucleotide complimentary to the 5' region of both the metallothionein I and II genes. Individual administration of dibutyryl cAMP, glucagon, and epinephrine increased the number of metallothionein mRNA molecules per cell by up to fourfold. The data suggest that glucagon and epinephrine are primary regulators of metallothionein gene expression acting at least in part via cAMP. In adrenalectomized rats, glucagon, dibutyryl cAMP, and epinephrine had a less potent effect in terms of metallothionein induction and depression of serum zinc concentrations. These effects were largely restored when dexamethasone was also given. Collectively these data suggest that changes in zinc metabolism associated with acute stress involve coordinate regulation mediated by many factors, including glucocorticoids and cAMP.
 ...
PMID:Coordinate regulation of zinc metabolism and metallothionein gene expression in rats. 302 99

The analysis of 36 human skeletons (eight subadults, 13 males, 15 females) recovered during a cemetery relocation near Charleston, SC, provides data on health and disease for a 19th-century sample of Afro-Americans. The majority of the burials date from 1840-1870. Skeletal analysis verified some historical interpretations. Gender differential in mortality is evident with average age at death for males 35 and females 40 years. Females, besides living longer, had more missing and carious teeth but fewer abscesses. Both genders expressed childhood metabolic stress as indicated by linear enamel hypoplasias. Males, however, had a higher incidence (92%) than did females (70%). Age at occurrence was more widely distributed for females, but ages 2-4 were most critical for both genders. Postcranial indications of recovery from acute stress, Harris lines, occurred more frequently for males (45%) than for females (18%). Anemia, probably both genetic and acquired, was a significant health problem for both genders. Cribra orbitalia appeared in 35% of the adult crania, and 80% of the subadults had orbital lesions. Diplotic expansion of the cranial vault and infection were relatively common in the sample. Skeletal reaction to infections appeared in 69% of the males, 60% of the females, and 80% of the subadults. Skeletal changes associated with demanding physical labor were ubiquitous. The shoulder and hip were especially affected by degenerative changes, the cervical vertebrae frequently expressed osteophytosis, and males show a preponderance of Schmorl herniations and hypertrophy of the ulnar supinator crest. Skeletal trace elements indicate a relatively high exposure to lead, strontium concentrations indicative of a diet high in plant foods, and relatively low zinc and copper concentrations.
 ...
PMID:Health and disease at a South Carolina plantation: 1840-1870. 332 30

Expression of metallothionein (MT) genes in the preimplantation rabbit blastocyst was analysed by determination of the levels of MT mRNA and relative rates of MT synthesis. MT was found to be constitutively expressed at low levels in the blastocyst. Exposure of the day-6 blastocyst to zinc ions in vitro rapidly increased the level of MT gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, with a ten-fold induction in the relative rate of synthesis at 400 microM-Zn2+. Ion-exchange chromatography of pulse-labelled blastocyst protein showed that the relative rates of synthesis of both MT-I and MT-II were markedly increased following zinc treatment, with MT-I being the predominant isometallothionein. Zinc induction of MT synthesis in the blastocyst was also detected on day 4 of gestation just after the morula-to-blastocyst transition. In contrast to the zinc effects on MT, in vitro exposure to 10 microM-Cd2+ resulted in a large induction of MT mRNA but only a modest increase in the relative rate of MT synthesis. Cadmium was found to be toxic to the day-6 blastocyst, and 10 microM-Cd2+ induced an acute stress response as indicated by a dramatic induction of heat-shock protein (HSP-70) gene expression.
 ...
PMID:Metallothionein gene regulation in the preimplantation rabbit blastocyst. 365 81

Zinc status in human subjects is assessed by measurement of zinc in plasma, erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and hair. Available data indicate that zinc in neutrophils and the assay of activity of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils may be the best tools for the diagnosis of zinc deficiency. Measurement of zinc in the plasma is simple and readily available in many laboratories. Plasma zinc is useful provided the plasma is unhemolyzed and conditions, such as infections, acute stress, myocardial infarction and intravascular hemolysis, are ruled out. Inasmuch as hair and erythrocytes turn over slowly, their zinc levels do not reflect recent changes with respect to zinc status. Other useful parameters for assessment of zinc status include metabolic balance studies, urinary zinc excretion. Cu:Zn ratio, zinc tolerance test, and measurement of activities of zinc-dependent enzymes in suitable biological samples.
 ...
PMID:Laboratory diagnosis of zinc deficiency. 407 98

Zinc deficiency in pregnant experimental animals limits fetal growth and, if severe, causes teratogenic anomalies. Although the data from human studies are not consistent, similar outcomes have been observed and were associated with poor maternal zinc status. This paper reviews humans studies of zinc status and pregnancy outcome, describes the physiologic adjustments in zinc utilization during pregnancy to meet fetal needs while maintaining maternal status, and identifies dietary and environmental conditions that may override those physiologic adjustments and put the health of the mother and fetus at risk. Adjustments in intestinal zinc absorption appear to be the primary means by which zinc retention is increased to meet fetal demands. However, transfer of sufficient zinc to the fetus is dependent on maintenance of normal maternal serum zinc concentrations. Conditions that could interfere with zinc absorption include intake of cereal-based diets that are high in phytate, high intakes of supplemental iron, or any gastrointestinal disease. Conditions that may alter maternal plasma zinc concentrations and the transport of zinc to the fetus include smoking, alcohol abuse, and an acute stress response to infection or trauma. Supplemental zinc may be prudent for women with poor gastrointestinal function or with any of these conditions during pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Determinants of maternal zinc status during pregnancy. 1079 11

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute, repeated and chronic restraint stress on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. For this purpose, 48 male Wistar rats, aged three months were used in this study. Rats were separated into six groups as follows; control (C), acute stress (AS), restrained for 7 days (1 h/day) (RS), restrained for 21 days (1 h/day) (CS1), restrained for 28 days (1 h/day) (CS2) and restrained for 21 days (1 h/day) and allowed to recovery for 7 days (CS3). Copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) activities, corticosterone, reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels were measured in blood samples. Corticosterone levels of all groups were found to be elevated after stress compared to group C. Cu, Zn-SOD activity was lower in all stress groups than in group C. CAT and Se-GSH-Px activities were increased in all stress groups. All stress models decreased GSH levels except for the CS3 group. TBARS levels were higher in stress groups than in C group except for AS group. The highest corticosterone level, CAT and Se-GSH-Px activity and TBARS level were seen in group RS. The lowest Cu, Zn-SOD activity and GSH level were seen in group CS2. These results may have an important implication for impaired erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels resulting from exposure to different stress models (acute, repeated and chronic restraint stress).
 ...
PMID:Marked changes in erythrocyte antioxidants and lipid peroxidation levels of rats exposed to acute, repeated and chronic restraint stress. 1563 87

Chronic exposure to stress alters the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, which might lead to the development of various human pathological states. In order to explain the role of antioxidant response in stress-induced injury, we examined the effects of two types of acute stress, as well as combined effects of chronic and acute stress on manganese-superoxide dismutase, copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in rat brain hippocampus. Our results show that chronic stress induces an increase in oxidative enzyme activities and that adaptation to chronic stress might alter hippocampal antioxidant mechanisms' response to acute stress.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant enzyme activity in rat hippocampus after chronic and acute stress exposure. 1615 56

The study deals with activity of three antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) in hippocampus of rats, following the exposure to single chronic (individual housing or forced swimming) and acute (immobilization or cold) stress, as well as to combined chronic/acute stress. In addition, plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) concentrations were measured in the same stress conditions, because their autooxidation can add to the oxidative stress. We observed that i) long-term social isolation and repeated forced swimming had minor effects on plasma catecholamines, but in the long-term pretreated groups, acute stressors caused profound elevation NA and A levels, ii) chronic stressors activate antioxidant enzymes, iii) acute stressors decrease catalase activity, their effects on CuZnSOD appear to be stressor-dependent, whereas MnSOD is not affected by acute stressors, and iv) pre-exposure to chronic stress affects the antioxidant-related effects of acute stressors, but this effect depends to a large extent on the type of the chronic stressor. Based on both metabolic and neuroendocrine data, long-term isolation appears to be a robust psychological stressor and to induce a "priming" effect specifically on the CuZnSOD and CAT activity.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in hippocampal antioxidant enzyme activities and sympatho-adrenomedullary system of rats in response to different stress models. 1623 59

Zinc plays a vital role in various cellular functions. Zinc deprivation is associated with severe disorders related to growth, maturation, and stress responses. In the heart, zinc affects differentiation and regeneration of cardiac muscle, cardiac conductance, acute stress responses, and recovery of heart transplants. Recent discoveries of the molecular players in zinc homeostasis revealed that the amount of intracellular free zinc is tightly controlled on the level of uptake, intracellular sequestration, redistribution, storage, and elimination, consequently creating a narrow window of optimal zinc concentration in the cells. Most of intracellular zinc is bound to numerous structural and regulatory proteins, with metabolically active, labile zinc present in picoto nanomolar concentrations. The central position of zinc in the redox signaling network is built on its unique chemical nature. The redox inert zinc creates a redox active environment when it binds to a sulfur ligand. The reversible oxidation of the sulfur ligand is coupled to the reversible zinc release from the protein, thereby executing the task of so-called protein "redox zinc switch." Clearly, the impairment of zinc homeostasis will have far reaching physiological consequences.
 ...
PMID:Zinc dynamics in the myocardial redox signaling network. 1698 23

It was shown in experiments on rabbit and mice that acute stress induced increase in glycemia and zinc content of blood granulocytes, hippocampus, beta-insulocytes, the cells of intestinal krypts basal departments and prostate terminal departments. Such changes also occurred under adrenaline and prednisolone injections. On the contrary, the decrease in glycemia and cell zinc content is induced by pilocarpine injections. The data obtained indicate the role of sympato-adrenale system in regulation of cell zinc metabolism. The increase in cell zinc content under acute stress is accompanied by decrease of given metal concentration in blood plasma. This situation is evidently connected with zinc dislocation from the plasma into the cells. Zinc content changes in the cells of experimental animals were in conformity with their secretory material quantity changes, indicating possible functional connections of both components in the cells.
 ...
PMID:[Changes of zinc content in blood and cells of various organs in stress]. 1830 28


1 2 3 Next >>