Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In adult male rats, injection of TRH into a lateral ventricle of the brain 5 min prior to pentobarbital (PB) administration caused a significant dose-related inhibition of prolactin (PRL) release, in doses ranging from 500 to 5 ng. Among 8 TRH analogues devoid of thyrotropin-releasing activity, 6 were found to significantly suppress PB-induced PRL secretion at an intraventricular dose level of 10 microgram, and the 3 most effective in this respect were also able to counteract growth hormone (GH) release elicited by PB. The derivative [1,3'-DCM2]TRH was still potent enough to block PB-induced PRL secretion at an intraventricular dosage of 50 ng. The peptide ACTH 4--10 was ineffective, whereas another ACTH derivative H-Met(O2)-Glu-His-Phe-D-Lys-Phe-OH (Org 2766) reduced PRL release. TRH did not affect the increase of plasma PRL induced by acute stress. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT) failed to influence the inhibiting effect of TRH on GH secretion but significantly reduced that on PRL release. p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) completely blocked the antagonistic effect of TRH on all PB-induced hormonal changes, suggesting that serotoninergic mechanisms may be involved in the extra-pituitary effect of TRH.
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PMID:Antagonism of pentobarbital-induced hormonal changes by TRH in rats. 20 Apr 40

In addition to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and structurally related peptides, arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, angiotensin II, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine isoleucinamide, epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine induce secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from corticotropic cells in vitro. The apparent affinity and intrinsic ACTH-releasing activity of these substances are lower than those of CRF. These substances can also act synergistically with CRF. In this paper the role of catecholamines and AVP in the control of ACTH release is discussed. Infusion i.v. of E increases plasma ACTH and corticosterone to levels that are normally found during stress. E-induced stimulation of pituitary-adrenal activity is mediated by beta adrenoceptors and involves release of CRF, because it can be prevented by beta-adrenoceptor blockers and by destruction of CRF neurons (hypothalamic lesions), blockade of CRF release (chlorpromazine, morphine, and Nembutal), or administration of CRF antiserum. Although stress can cause a vast increase in plasma E, circulating E is not essential for the acute stress-induced release of ACTH because blockade of beta (or alpha) adrenoceptors, administration of chlorisondamine, or extirpation of the adrenal medulla and sympathectomy do not prevent the pituitary-adrenal response to stress. In contrast, circulating E plays a major role in the release of intermediate-lobe peptides during emotional stress. Studies of the role of AVP in pituitary-adrenal control by the use of pressor receptor (V1) antagonists are not valuable because of the ineffectiveness of such antagonists in blocking AVP-induced release of ACTH from corticotropic cells in vitro. Treatment of rats with an antiserum to AVP reduces the ACTH response to stress. We conclude that AVP has an important role in stress-induced activation of the pituitary-adrenal system, possibly by potentiating the effects of CRF.
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PMID:Role of epinephrine and vasopressin in the control of the pituitary-adrenal response to stress. 298 37

The possible role of brain histamine in the release of prolactin, ACTH and corticosterone following acute restraint, was pharmacologically evaluated in adult male rats. Fifteen min of restraint caused marked increases in the plasma levels of these hormones. alpha-Fluoromethyl histidine (FH), a histidine decarboxylase inhibitor which depleted hypothalamic histamine, inhibited the enhancement of plasma prolactin levels. In contrast, plasma ACTH levels were not modified. FH treatment decreased plasma corticosterone concentrations in animals submitted to stress or in rest; this suggests a direct action of FH on the adrenal. Intraventricular (IVT) injection of ranitidine (H2 antagonist) blunted the prolactin response to restraint stress whereas its systemic administration had no effect. On the contrary, pyrilamine (H1 antagonist) given systemically decreased slightly, but significantly, the prolactin rise but when injected IVT it was ineffective. Pyrilamine was also unable to affect the ranitidine action. ACTH and corticosterone levels in plasma of restrained rats were not modified by the histamine antagonists. It is concluded that histamine is involved, mainly through central H2 receptors, in the enhancement of plasma prolactin levels produced by an acute stress. The failure of both antihistaminic compounds and a histamine depletor to alter the ACTH stimulation suggest that histamine has no participation in the hypophysio-corticoadrenal response to acute restraint.
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PMID:Restraint stress stimulation of prolactin and ACTH secretion: role of brain histamine. 300 5

Cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP) is a gut-neuropeptide that influences both appetite and carbohydrate metabolism. This study was undertaken to determine whether concentrations of CHP correlated with various clinical markers of nutritional status and progression of HIV infection. Serum concentrations of CHP were analyzed in a clinical sample of 100 HIV-positive patients whose HIV clinical status ranged from asymptomatic to advanced disease with weight loss. We found a relationship between CHP concentrations and serum albumin and hemoglobin levels, markers of chronic nutrition and disease. However, no correlation was seen between CHP and cortisol concentrations, a marker of acute stress. To analyze the relationship of HIV clinical stage and CHP, patients were divided into three subgroups: asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, and clear-cut AIDS. CHP concentrations were significantly correlated with HIV clinical stage. These data lead to the hypothesis that CHP is a marker of disease progression and that it potentially plays a role in modulating the nutrition of HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Relationship between serum cyclo(His-Pro) concentrations and the nutritional status of HIV-infected patients. 813 57

The implantable automatic defibrillator has completely changed the prognosis of potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias by the delivery of an electric shock in the event of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. This vital device is sometimes poorly accepted from the psychological point of view by patients having been traumatised by experiences of sudden death from which they have been rescuscitated. Anxiety and depression are common and they have an important effect on the quality of life. The unpredictable occurrence of painful, multiple and uncontrollable electrical shocks may induce a state of acute stress with stunning, the resemblance of which to the model of learned helplessness described experimentally in the animal by Seligman, is discussed. The authors report the case of a 20 year old man whose automatic defibrillator was activated twenty times in one night. His state of stress and impotence was such that he lay prostate in his bed. Suicide seemed to be the only possible way of escaping from the electrical shocks of the device which was perceived as being dangerous. The management of this condition is not standardised but it requires the collaboration of the cardiac rhythmological and psychiatric teams. Medication with antidepressant drugs alone is not sufficient. The regulation of the sensitivity of the defibrillator gives the patient a feeling of mastering the situation: submission is not total! Research along this line should improve the patients' acceptation of the device and their quality of life.
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PMID:[Psychiatric complication of an implanted automatic defibrillator]. 1524 53

Tom Pickering had a profound influence on the study of biobehavioral factors in the development, diagnosis, and misdiagnosis of hypertension. His contributions influenced several avenues of research, including ecological momentary assessments of the sources and causes of diurnal blood pressure variation, the evaluation and impact of job strain on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, and the role of blood pressure reactivity and recovery to acute stress in hypertension development. This overview approaches these topics by examining the seminal role of the work by Tom et al. in the current understanding of how biobehavioral factors contribute to hypertension.
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PMID:Psychosocial determinants of hypertension: laboratory and field models. 2022 May 17

We applied an acute stress model to zebra fish in order to measure the changes in the metabolome due to biological stress. This was done by submitting the fish to fifteen minutes of acute confinement (netting) stress, and then five minutes for the open field and light/dark field tests. A polar extract of the zebra fish was then subjected to (1)H nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. Multivariate data analysis of the spectra showed a clear separation associated to a wide range of metabolites between zebra fish that were submitted to open field and light/dark field tests. Alanine, taurine, adenosine, creatine, lactate, and histidine were high in zebra fish to which the light/dark field test was applied, regardless of stress, while acetate and isoleucine/lipids appeared to be higher in zebra fish exposed to the open field test. These results show that any change in the environment, even for a small period of time, has a noticeable physiological impact. This research provides an insight of how different mechanisms are activated under different environments to maintain the homeostasis of the body. It should also contribute to establish zebra fish as a model for metabolomics studies.
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PMID:Effect of acute stresses on zebra fish (Danio rerio) metabolome measured by NMR-based metabolomics. 2509 33

An 80-year-old male presented to the hospital after being found unresponsive at home. He was found to have pneumococcal pneumonia complicated by septic shock. He was treated in the medical ICU briefly with vasopressors and received intravenous antibiotics. He achieved a full recovery and was discharged after 10 days. He returned within 24 hours with vague abdominal and chest pain. His complaints of pain were difficult to localize--radiating from back to chest and abdomen. He received an extensive work-up to exclude acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and rib fracture. He was ultimately found to have a symptomatic unilateral adrenal hemorrhage, likely secondary to the acute stress of septic shock.
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PMID:Delayed Unilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage Complicating Pneumococcal Septic Shock. 2663 22