Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of serum vitamin A levels in burned patients at the Vancouver General Hospital (1972-1973) is reported in an attempt to relate hypovitaminosis A to acute stress erosions in the gastrointestinal tract. Thirty-one patients were studied, of whom 10 had moderate to severe burns. Vitamin A levels of normal males and females at the Vancouver General Hospital averaged at 35 mug/100 ml. Patients with burn indices of less than 12 did not show any significant fall in serum vitamin A levels. The fall of vitamin A levels was greater as the burn index increased, and the fall of vitamin A level was noticed within 48 hours postburn and returned to normal by the second week postburn. In patients with severe burns and gastrointestinal bleeding with stress ulcers, the serum vitamin A levels fell more profoundly (e.g., 18 mug/100 ml). Four patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were detected, of whom three had acute gastric erosions with low serum vitamin A levels. The possibility that hypovitaminosis A is a contributing factor in acute gastric erosions of the gastric mucosa in severely burned patients is suggested.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin A assay in burned patients. 112 68

The name "transthyretin" reflects the dual physiological roles of this tetrameric unglycosylated plasma protein. TTR is one of three specific carrier proteins involved in the transport of both thyroid hormones and of retinol through the mediation of RBP. TTR is a product of the visceral compartment, and its hepatic synthesis is exquisititely sensitive to both the adequacy and levels of protein and energy intakes--hence the proposal of TTR as a nutritional marker. To date, 38 TTR variants have been described, most of which are associated with variable degrees of cardiac and/or neural tissue amyloid deposits. All known variants arise from a single AA substitution due to single point mutation in the coding region of the TTR gene. Under acute stress conditions, the synthesis of TTR, RBP, and CBG is abruptly depressed by a cytokine-directed orchestration of new metabolic priorities, with a redistribution of organ and tissue protein pools. It is proposed that TTR, RBP, and CBG behave as acute-booster reactants (ABRs), actively participating in the cascade of metabolic events characterizing the stress reaction along pathways best explained by the free hormone/vitamin hypothesis. The latter is governed by the law of mass action--the spontaneous dissociation and instant uptake by hepatocytes of the ligands freed from their specific carrier proteins, which creates a transient hyperthyroid, hyperretinoid, and hypercortisolic climate. This response generally does not exceed four or five days because the initial impact of injury normally subsides, but it may last longer if complications occur. The magnitude and adequacy of the stress responses depend on the preceding nutritional status as assessed by TTR plasma levels and are proportionate to the severity of insult. Clinical, animal, and molecular studies concur to demonstrate the dualistic stimulatory or inhibitory effects triggered by the ligands, whose unmetabolized fractions are excreted in the urinary output. Thyroid hormones and retinoids appear to control the early maturation processes and the synthesis of primary transcripts, whereas cortisol preferentially modulates the secondary responses and confers a protective effect on healthy tissues. During acute stress, the evolutionary patterns of visceral proteins and inflammatory markers exhibit compulsory mirror images. However, they change in independent ways under more chronic circumstances. A relatively simple biochemical micromethod based on the simultaneous measurement of plasma TTR, albumin, CRP, and orosomucoid aggregated into a PINI is proposed for the early recognition and follow-up of both nutritional and inflammatory facets of the disease spectrum.
 ...
PMID:Transthyretin (prealbumin) in health and disease: nutritional implications. 794 31

The objective of this study was to evaluate fish response to acute stress induced by confinement after capture. Because of the previously reported presence of chemical compounds in the Tajo River basin where the study samplinig took place, an exposure biomarker to organic chemicals (retinol) was used. Cortisol and glucose were used as stress biomarkers. Plasma levels of cholesterol were used as lipidic metabolism indicators, and retinol level was used as a specific exposure biomarker. A reference site was established along 300 km of the Tajo River, and nine sampling sites were selected on the basis of whether various human activities and hydrographic characteristics were present. A total of 55 carp (Cyprinus carpio) and 52 barbel (Barbus bocagei) were examined. Cortisol and glucose levels were considered acceptable indicators of the response of the fish to induced stress. In the barbel, plasma retinol levels decreased at two of the sampling sites indicating possible exposure to organic compounds. The overall evaluation of these parameters enabled us to identify three sampling sites at which more studies should be carried out. The possible relationship between the health state of wild fish and the presence of organic compounds or sources of pollution was considered.
 ...
PMID:A survey of potential stressor-induced physiological changes in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and barbel (Barbus bocagei) along the Tajo River. 1579 31