Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The characterization of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and, more recently, the discovery of additional CRF-related ligands, urocortin 1, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3, the cloning of two distinct CRF receptor subtypes, 1 (CRF(1)) and 2 (CRF(2)), and the development of selective CRF receptor antagonists provided new insight to unravel the mechanisms of stress. Activation of brain CRF(1) receptor signaling pathways is implicated in stress-related endocrine response and the development of anxiety-like behaviors. 2. Compelling evidence in rodents showed also that both central and peripheral injection of CRF and urocortin 1 mimic acute stress-induced colonic response (stimulation of motility, transit, defecation, mucus and watery secretion, increased ionic permeability and occurrence of diarrhea) in rodents. Central CRF enhances colorectal distention-induced visceral pain in rats. Peripheral CRF reduced pain threshold to colonic distention and increased colonic motility in humans. 3. Nonselective CRF(1)/CRF(2) antagonists and selective CRF(1) antagonists inhibit exogenous (central or peripheral) CRF- and acute stress-induced activation of colonic myenteric neurons, stimulation of colonic motor function and visceral hyperalgesia while selective CRF(2) antagonists have no effect. None of the CRF antagonists influence basal or postprandial colonic function in nonstressed animals. 4. These findings implicate CRF(1) receptors in stress-related stimulation of colonic function and hypersensitivity to colorectal distention. Targeting CRF(1)-dependent pathways may have potential benefit against stress or anxiety-/depression-related functional bowel disorders.
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PMID:CRF1 receptor signaling pathways are involved in stress-related alterations of colonic function and viscerosensitivity: implications for irritable bowel syndrome. 1510 Jan 65

The identification of the various elements of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) system including the characterisation of four mammalian CRF-related peptides, the cloning of two CRF receptor subtypes 1 and 2 (CRF1; CRF2) and the development of selective CRF1 receptor antagonists has allowed investigators to establish an important role for the CRF signalling pathways in coordinating the physiological and behavioural components of the stress response. In particular, compelling preclinical evidence showed that both central and peripheral injection of CRF mimicked stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility, transit, defaecation, and occurrence of diarrhoea along with degranulation of mast cells, and increased secretion of prostaglandin E2, mucus, and ionic permeability. Central CRF also increased abdominal pain from colorectal distention in rats and peripheral CRF reduced pain threshold to colonic distention and increased colonic motility in humans. Non-selective CRF antagonists for receptors 1 and 2 and selective CRF, antagonists inhibit exogenous (central or peripheral) CRF, and acute stress-induced stimulation of colonic motor and secretory function and visceral hyperalgesia. CRF1 receptors mediate stress-related anxiogenic and depression-like behaviours in rodents and CRF, antagonist reduced depression in a phase II clinical trial. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that hyperactivation of CRF1 receptors may contribute to the co-morbidity of anxiety and depression and irritable bowel syndrome. Targeting these pathways with selective CRF1 antagonists may be a novel therapeutic venue for diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients.
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PMID:Role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor subtype 1 in stress-related functional colonic alterations: implications in irritable bowel syndrome. 1614 97

Takotsubo cardiomyopaty is a recently described syndrome characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction, mimicking an acute coronary syndrome and usually precipitated by a physical or emotional stress. We report the first case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after acute diarrhea in a man. It may be argued that severe diarrhea in predisposed individuals may cause an acute stress resulting in increased sympathetic activity leading to this syndrome. Probably the relationship between the adrenergic system and the heart is more complex than general thought and the stimuli which favor an autonomic imbalance and precipitate the syndrome are very disparate in clinical practice.
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PMID:Takotsubo cardiomiopathy after acute diarrhea. 2046 74