Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of bombesin and other unrelated oligopeptides on hormonal changes induced by stress were studied in conscious adult male rats. Restraint in the cold for 1 h increased plasma corticosterone and PRL levels and decreased GH values but had no effect on LH levels. Bombesin (5 microgram), given intracerebroventricularly (ivt) before stress, inhibited the PRL rise without affecting corticosterone, GH, or LH response. A complete blockade of PRL rise was observed with doses of bombesin ranging from 5 microgram to 100 ng ivt, regardless of the duration (15, 30, 45, or 60 min) or the nature (cold exposure or restraint at room temperature) of the stressor agents. Bombesin was 10(3) more potent as a PRL inhibitor when given ivt than when given iv, and its ivt effect was not reversed by naloxone (1 or 10 mg/kg). Among other unrelated peptides tested (beta-endorphin, neurotensin, substance P, and TRH; 5 microgram ivt), only neurotensin decreased plasma PRL levels in rats subjected to restraint in the cold for 1 h. These results show that in conscious male rats, centrally administered bombesin has a very potent and long acting inhibitory effect on PRL release induced by acute stress. Since a bombesin-like peptide has been found in rat brain, its physiological role in PRL regulation remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Effects of neuropeptides on adenohypophyseal hormone response to acute stress in male rats. 10 88

The aim of this work was to study the circannual plasma profiles of LH, PRL, testosterone (T) and estrone sulfate (E1S) in different periods of the year and to characterize the possible variations in LH and PRL release patterns. We also tried to verify a possible relationship between plasma PRL fluctuations and ambient temperature, as well as the influence of an acute stress condition on levels of plasma PRL. Six adult male goats of the Ionica and Alpine breed reared in Southern Italy (40 degrees N lat.) were subjected to frequent samplings (every 15 min for 6 h) once a month for a whole year. The blood samples were assayed for plasma concentrations of E1S, LH and PRL by radioimmunoassay, and for T by enzymeimmunoassay. The ambient temperature was recorded on each day of bleeding. Sex steroids and PRL showed marked circannual variations, with the highest levels during the summer (July) and the lowest during the winter-early spring (March). The concentrations of plasma LH did not indicate significant seasonal variations. A positive relationship was observed between plasma levels of PRL and E1S and ambient temperature. The patterns of LH release seemed to change depending on season, but this was not an obvious and common feature in all bucks. The hormone concentrations for plasma PRL profiles seemed to be influenced by an acute stress condition (associated with cannula insertion and handling procedures), with the variations more marked when the plasma levels of PRL were low.
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PMID:Seasonal variation in the reproductive hormones of male goats. 157 57

The effects of acute stress exposure upon cholecystokinin (CCK) and substance P (SP) concentrations in discrete hypothalamic regions of the adult male rat brain were studied. Animals were exposed to foot shock stress for periods of 2, 4, 10, 30 or 60 min duration; immediately afterwards they were decapitated; brains were frozen and subsequently microdissected. CCK and SP concentrations were assayed by a specific RIA, as were serum levels of ACTH, corticosterone, PRL, GH, LH and testosterone. Stress had no effect upon SP concentrations in the anterior or posterior parts of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), but led to elevated CCK levels in the posterior ARC following 60 min of exposure. In both the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic areas, stress induced depletions of both neuropeptides. In the anterior (but not the posterior) portions of the lateral hypothalamic area, CCK and SP concentrations were reduced by stress exposure. These studies demonstrate that discrete hypothalamic CCK and SP neuronal systems are responsive to stress. This suggests that endogenous hypothalamic CCK and SP participate, along with other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, in the integrated hypothalamic stress response, and mediate stress-neuroendocrine interactions.
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PMID:Stress-induced changes in cholecystokinin and substance P concentrations in discrete regions of the rat hypothalamus. 244 10

This study assessed the endocrine and ionoregulatory responses by tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to disturbances of hydromineral balance during confinement and handling. In fresh water (FW), confinement and handling for 0.5, 1, 2 and 6h produced elevations in plasma cortisol and glucose; a reduction in plasma osmolality was observed at 6h. Elevations in plasma prolactins (PRL(177) and PRL(188)) accompanied this fall in osmolality while no effect upon growth hormone (GH) was evident; an increase in insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I) occurred at 0.5h. In seawater (SW), confinement and handling increased plasma osmolality and glucose between 0.5 and 6h; no effect on plasma cortisol was seen due to variable control levels. Concurrently, both PRLs were reduced in stressed fish with only transient changes in the GH/IGF-I axis. Next, the branchial expression of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) and Na(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) was characterized following confinement and handling for 6h. In SW, NKCC mRNA levels increased in stressed fish concurrently with elevated plasma osmolality and diminished gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity; NCC was unchanged in stressed fish irrespective of salinity. Taken together, PRL and NKCC participate in restoring osmotic balance during acute stress while the GH/IGF-I axis displays only modest responses.
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PMID:Ionoregulatory and endocrine responses to disturbed salt and water balance in Mozambique tilapia exposed to confinement and handling stress. 1987 53

Stress is generally a natural phenomenon that affects behaviour, physiological processes, and neuroendocrine, neurochemical, neurological and immune responses. Many somatic and mental disorders are thought to result from chronic stress. Stress-induced gonadal dysfunction is not restricted to humans, but is observed in all higher animals. Stress-induced gonadal dysfunction comprises disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and of spermatogenesis. Various stressors induce changes in the secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones, such as CRH, ADH, beta-endorphins, somatostatin, VIP, PRL, GH, TSH, dopamine, serotonin, neuropeptide Y, melatonin, ACTH, glucocorticosteroids, catecholamines and androgens. In acute stress, testicular function is principally modified by cytokines and fluctuating concentrations of gonadotropins, while in chronic stress, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and disruption of spermatogenesis of varying severity, including spermatogenetic arrest, are observed. In spite of the decades-long interest in the relationships between psychological stress and the function of male gonads, many questions in this area remain unanswered.
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PMID:Psychological stress and the function of male gonads. 2237 97