Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0848237 (acute stress)
 4,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This prospective longitudinal study was designed to investigate the relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD) and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a population of severely injured hospitalised trauma survivors. Symptoms of ASD were assessed just prior to discharge in 307 consecutive admissions to a Level 1 Trauma Centre, with PTSD assessments completed at 3 and 12 months post-injury. A well-established structured clinical interview was adopted for both assessments. Only 1% of the sample met criteria for an ASD diagnosis (at a mean of 8 days post-injury), while the incidence of PTSD was 9% at 3 months and 10% at 12 months. Although all ASD symptom clusters contributed to the prediction of subsequent PTSD severity, logistic regression indicated that only re-experiencing and arousal predicted a categorical PTSD diagnosis. The dissociative symptoms that form the core of ASD were rarely endorsed and showed high specificity but low sensitivity, resulting in a high proportion of false negative diagnoses. Reducing the number of dissociative symptoms required for a diagnosis ameliorated, but did not resolve, the problem. In this particular population, the low sensitivity of the ASD diagnosis renders it a poor screening test for use in identifying high risk individuals for early intervention and prevention strategies.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in severely injured trauma survivors. 1550 90

From mid-October 2001 through the end of November 2001, we collected fairly large sets of questionnaires from undergraduates at three public universities (Albany, NY, n = 507, Augusta, GA, n = 336, Fargo, ND, n = 526 ) to assess rate of acute stress disorder (ASD) and level of ASD symptoms following the September 11th attacks, rate of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and level of PTSD symptoms, and current level of depressive symptoms resulting from the September 11th attacks. We also gathered information on exposure to media coverage of the attacks, connectedness to the World Trade Center (WTC) and personnel there, and degree of engagement in reparative acts such as giving blood, attending vigils. We found higher levels of ASD, ASD symptoms, PTSD and PTSD symptoms as a function of geographical proximity to New York City (and within the Albany site, proximity of students' homes) and gender. Exposure (hours of TV watched) was a predictor in some instances as was connectedness to WTC victims. ASD symptoms were the strongest predictor of subsequent PTSD symptoms. Path models accounted for over 60% of the variance in PTSD symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Studies of the vicarious traumatization of college students by the September 11th attacks: effects of proximity, exposure and connectedness. 1497 80

Dissociative disorders have a lifetime prevalence of about 10%. Dissociative symptoms may occur in acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, somatization disorder, substance abuse, trance and possession trance, Ganser's syndrome, and dissociative identity disorder, as well as in mood disorders, psychoses, and personality disorders. Dissociative symptoms and disorders are observed frequently among patients attending our rural South Carolina community mental health center. Given the prevalence of mental illness in primary care settings and the diagnostic difficulties encountered with dissociative disorders, such illness may be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in primary care settings. We developed an intervention model that may be applicable to primary care settings or helpful to primary care physicians. Key points of the intervention are identification of dissociative symptoms, patient and family education, review of the origin of the symptoms as a method of coping with trauma, and supportive reinforcement of cognitive and relaxation skills during follow-up visits. Symptom recognition, Education of the family, Learning new skills, and Follow-up may be remembered by the mnemonic device SELF. We present several cases to illustrate dissociative symptoms and our intervention. Physicians and other professionals using the 4 steps and behavioral approaches will be able to better recognize and triage patients with dissociative symptoms. Behaviors previously thought to be secondary to psychosis or personality disorders may be seen in a new frame of reference, strengthening the therapeutic alliance while reducing distress and acting-out behaviors.
 ...
PMID:Dissociative Spectrum Disorders in the Primary Care Setting. 1501 80

Activation of the brain noradrenergic system during acute stress is thought to play an important integrative function in coping and stress adaptation by facilitating transmission in many brain regions involved in regulating behavioral and physiologic components of the stress response. Compared with outbred control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, inbred Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats exhibit an exaggerated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response as well as increased susceptibility to certain forms of stress-related pathology. However, we have also shown previously that WKY rats exhibit reduced anxiety-like behavioral reactivity to acute stress, associated with reduced activation of the brain noradrenergic system. Thus, to understand better the possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying dysregulation of the stress response in WKY rats, we investigated potential strain differences in stress-induced neuronal activation in brain regions that are both involved in regulating behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses, and are related to the noradrenergic system, either as targets of noradrenergic modulation or as sources of afferent innervation of noradrenergic neurons. This was accomplished by visualizing stress-induced expression of Fos immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central nucleus of the amygdala, and medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA), as well as the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). Stress-induced Fos expression was found to be decreased in the LC and MeA of WKY rats compared with similarly stressed SD rats, whereas no strain differences were observed in any of the other brain regions. This suggests that strain-related differences in activation of the MeA may be involved in the abnormal neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses exhibited by WKY rats. Moreover, as the MeA is both an afferent as well as an efferent target of the brainstem noradrenergic system, reduced MeA activation may either be a source of reduced noradrenergic reactivity seen in WKY rats, or possibly a consequence. Nonetheless, understanding the mechanisms underlying altered stress reactivity in models such as the WKY rat may contribute to a better understanding of stress-related psychopathologies such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or other anxiety disorders.
 ...
PMID:Induction of FOS expression by acute immobilization stress is reduced in locus coeruleus and medial amygdala of Wistar-Kyoto rats compared to Sprague-Dawley rats. 1502 36

Anxiety disorders are the most frequently found psychiatric problem in the general population. The most common anxiety disorders are phobias, panic attack, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. Recent terrorist attacks in the U.S. have had a marked impact on the mental health status of individuals directly affected by the attacks as well as those who were far from the scenes of destruction. To provide effective dental care, the dentist must be able to identify anxious patients and deal with their anxiety. This process may involve referring the patient for medical evaluation and treatment of very severe cases of anxiety. In most cases, the dentist can manage the patient by using behavioral and/or pharmacologic means.
 ...
PMID:Anxiety disorders: dental implications. 1505 56

Attribution of responsibility for a traumatic event has been related to subsequent adjustment. Self-blame has been associated with better adjustment in some cases and worse in others, whereas other-blame has consistently been associated with poorer outcomes. This study assessed the relationship between attribution of responsibility and acute stress disorder (ASD) in burn victims. Hospitalized burn patients (N = 124) underwent psychological assessment within 2 weeks of their burn injury. Participants were categorized as reporting self-blame (N = 49), other-blame (N = 36), both (N = 10), or neither (N = 29). Twenty-three percent of those with other-blame were diagnosed with ASD, compared with 0% of those with self-blame. Self-blame and other-blame also were related to ASD in logistic regression analyses controlling for demographic and medical variables. With both types of blame in the same model, self-blame was significantly associated with lower rates of ASD, whereas other-blame was related to higher rates, but this did not reach significance. When analyzed in separate models, both of these relationships attained statistical significance. These findings have implications for identifying and treating people at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to trauma.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of attribution of responsibility to acute stress disorder among hospitalized burn patients. 1506 Apr 5

The authors' objective was to examine the ability of acute stress disorder (ASD) and other trauma-related factors in a group of physical assault victims in predicting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months later. Subjects included 214 victims of violence who completed a questionnaire 1 to 2 weeks after the assault, with 128 participating in the follow-up. Measures included the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Trauma Symptom Checklist, and the Crisis Support Scale. Twenty-two percent met the full PTSD diagnosis and 22% a subclinical PTSD diagnosis. Previous lifetime shock due to a traumatic event happening to someone close, threats during the assault, and dissociation explained 56% of PTSD variance. Inability to express feelings, hypervigilance, impairment, and hopelessness explained another 15% of PTSD variance. The dissociative, the reexperiencing, the avoidant, and the arousal criteria of the ASD diagnosis correctly classified 79% of the subsequent PTSD cases.
 ...
PMID:Acute stress disorder as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder in physical assault victims. 1514 Mar 20

The objective of this study was to account for acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) morbidity in a self-report survey of traffic accident victims and to evaluate the relationship between ASD and PTSD in this sample, and furthermore, to find both a model of independent variables accounting for variance in ASD and PTSD symptom level. Ninety patients, treated at an emergency ward after traffic accidents, participated in this longitudinal self-report survey. ASD was assessed using the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) and PTSD was assessed at 6-8 months follow-up using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Twenty-five patients (28%) met the cutoff scores for ASDS. Fifteen patients (17%) fulfilled criteria for PTSD according to the PDS. ASD was only able to predict 50% of patients who later developed high levels of PTSD symptomatology. A model of three variables explained 35% of the variance in ASD symptom level. Two variables explained 40% of the variance in PTSD symptom level. In both regression models, dissatisfaction with social support was associated with a higher symptom level. The results from this study reflect already voiced problems with the ASD diagnosis. The lack of precision in predicting who will develop PTSD is pronounced in this study. The acute traumatic symptom level explains a large part of the variance in PTSD symptom level. However, other variables also seem to play an important role.
 ...
PMID:Does acute stress disorder predict post-traumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims? Analysis of a self-report inventory. 1520 10

Previous studies have examined peritraumatic distress, peritraumatic dissociation, and acute stress disorder as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors examined whether these three predictors were associated with PTSD symptoms when considered simultaneously. Two-hundred victims of a factory explosion in Toulouse, France, were surveyed two and six months after the event with use of retrospective self-reports of peritraumatic distress, peritraumatic dissociation, and acute stress disorder. A hierarchical multiple regression predicting PTSD symptoms six months posttrauma indicated that all three constructs explained unique variance, accounting for up to 62 percent. Peritraumatic distress and dissociation and acute stress disorder appear conceptually different from one another and show promise in identifying who is at risk of PTSD.
 ...
PMID:Symptoms of peritraumatic and acute traumatic stress among victims of an industrial disaster. 1563 99

In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between autobiographical memory and the onset and maintenance of distressing memories following cancer. In Study 1, participants recently diagnosed with head, neck, or lung cancer were assessed for acute stress disorder (ASD). Participants with ASD reported fewer specific memories than did participants without ASD. In Study 2, the same participants were assessed 6 months later for autobiographical memory and cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Deficits in the retrieval of specific memories in Study 1 were not predictive of subsequent PTSD. Increased hopelessness during the 6 months was associated with a decline in the retrieval of positive memories and an increase in the retrieval of negative memories. These findings accord with propositions that retrieval of distressing memories is guided by current self-image and attitude toward one's future.
 ...
PMID:A prospective study of autobiographical memory and posttraumatic stress disorder following cancer. 1579 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>