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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Breeding and biotechnological approaches are currently used to increase the content of specific bioactive components of plants, but the manipulation of plant metabolism is still not easy to address. There is an increasing awareness that multiple genetic and environmental factors affect production and accumulation of bioactive compounds, but these factors are rarely taken into account when fruit is marketed. Rigorous and unprejudiced evaluation of scientific evidence requires a defined set of criteria and methods of evaluation, particularly when breeding and biotech programs are aimed of producing new varieties with improved nutritional values combined with high plant production efficiency and fruit quality. In order to develop new genotypes and commercial cultivars the availability of new sources of Quality Attributes (QA) and Nutritional Attributes (NA) should be explored. In the strawberry, wild species such as F. virginiana glauca and F. vesca are good sources of bioactive compounds, but in raspberries the introduction of the wild germplasm (R. parvifolium) did not improve the nutritional quality of fruit. The methods available for detecting fruit TAC, combined with TPH and other quality parameters such as sugars, total acidity and fruit color, can be proposed as excellent tools for developing a fast and reliable program for screening large breeding populations for high nutritional quality genotypes. Furthermore, NA can represent a useful tool to facilitate analysis of "substantial equivalence" of transgenic and control derived fruit.
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PMID:Breeding and biotechnology for improving berry nutritional quality. 1649 8

This study evaluated the effects of acidic medicines (Dimetapp and Claritin), under pH-cycling conditions, on the surface degradation of four composite resins (microhybrid: TPH, Concept, Opallis and Nanofilled: Supreme). Thirty disc-shaped specimens ([symbol: see text] = 5.0 mm/thickness = 2.0 mm) of each composite were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): a control and two experimental groups, according to the acidic medicines evaluated. The specimens were finished and polished with aluminum oxide discs, and the surface roughness was measured by using a profilometer. After the specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen and immersion in acidic medicines for 12 days, the surface roughness was measured again. Two specimens for each material and group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after pH-cycling. Data were analyzed by the Student's-t test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and paired t-test (alpha=0.05). Significant increase in roughness was found only for TPH in the control group and TPH and Supreme immersed in Claritin (p<0.05). SEM analyses showed that the 4 composite resins underwent erosion and surface degradation after being subjected to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, although the roughness was slightly affected, the pH-cycling and acidic medicines caused surface degradation of the composite resins evaluated. Titratable acidity seemed to play a more crucial role on surface degradation of composite resins than pH.
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PMID:Surface degradation of composite resins by acidic medicines and pH-cycling. 1908 57

This study examined the effect of different light activation modes for light-cured resin-based composites on the shear bond strength to dentin of two one-bottle adhesives with differing acidity. In this experimental study, a flat middle dentin surface was prepared on 110 extracted sound molars using a 600-grit polish paper. The teeth were then randomly divided into 10 equal groups (n = 11). One-Step Plus (OS) and Prime & Bond NT (P&B NT) were used according to the manufacturer's instruction with their respective composite (Aelite, Spectrum TPH) applied and cured using five different light-activation modes: 1. Conventional (CO): 600 mW/cm2 (40 seconds) 2. Soft-Start I (SSI): 100 mW/cm2 (10 seconds) 600 mW/cm2 (30 seconds) 3. Soft-Start II (SSII): 200 mW/cm2 (10 seconds), 600 mW/cm2 (30 seconds) 4. Pulse-Delay I (PDI): 100 mW/cm2 (3 seconds), 3-minute delay, 600 mW/cm2 (37 seconds) 5. Pulse-Delay II (PDII): 200 mW/cm2 (3 seconds), 3-minute delay, 600 mW/cm2 (37 seconds) After 24 hours storage in distilled water at room temperature, a shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using an Instron machine at 1 mm/minute and the results were recorded in MPa. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (p < 0.05). The highest SBS (MPa) was shown in the OS conventional group (19.62 +/- 2.21) and the lowest SBS was shown in P&B NT, PDII (5.93 +/- 1.79). In each group of five curing modes, the mean SBS for P&B NT was significantly lower than OS: conventional mode--P&B NT (17.27 +/- 1.98) vs OS (19.62 +/- 2.21); SSI-P&B NT (10.84 +/- 2.82) vs OS (13.09 +/- 1.24); SSII - P&B NT (14.78 +/- 1.63) vs OS (18.79 +/- 1.57); PDI-P&B NT (5.93 +/- 1.79) vs OS (11.97 +/- 2.59) and PDII-P&B NT (11.82 +/- 1.24) vs OS (16.00 +/- 1.62) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). For each of the adhesives, the ranking of SBS was as follows: CO > SSII > PDII > SSI > PDI, with the two-paired comparisons of curing modes being significantly different (p < 0.05). The results of the current study indicated that the bond strength of P&B NT might be compromised by the higher acidity of this adhesive compared to OS during each curing mode, especially PDI. The conventional mode was least affected by the acidity of the adhesive.
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PMID:Effect of light activation mode on the incompatibility between one-bottle adhesives and light-cured composites: an in vitro shear bond strength study. 1983 Sep 70