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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sanitary and technological diagnosis of the goat cheese rural process was carried out. The purpose was to obtain more information for the planning of a program aimed to the improvement of this small agroindustry. Samples of milk, curdle, dry abomasum, rennet, water and cheese of 10% of the small industries of two rural villages in two agricultural seasons, were taken. Moreover, dilutions of the utensils and goat udders were prepared. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis of mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, most probable number of total and fecal coliforms, and detection of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase (+), Salmonella typhi and Brucella melitensis. Proximate chemical analysis and determinations of sodium chloride and titratible acidity in milk, cheese, dry abomasum and rennet, were carried out. Goat milk was also subjected to analysis of density. It was found that significant sanitary failures are present during th whole goat cheese process, although the highest bacteria contamination occurred at the milking, curdling and filling stages. These are characterized by excessive handling and absolute lack of hygiene. The pathogen B. melitensis was absent; therefore the causes of poisoning were attributed to the toxin produced by S. aureus and to the significant count of fecal coliforms found in the goat cheese. Even though the goats are fed under a poor feeding system, the milk presented a normal physical and chemical composition. Nevertheless, protein and fat matter losses occur during cheese preparation, as a result of handling practices and lack of process control.
Arch Latinoam Nutr 1988 Dec
PMID:[Sanitary and technologic evaluation of the rural processing of fresh goat cheese in Chile]. 315 1

Applied potential tomography (APT) is a new, non-invasive technique that can yield sequential images of changes in the resistivity of gastric contents. Studies were performed to investigate the application of APT to measure gastric acid secretion. Experiments in 20 normal volunteers showed that changes in gastric resistivity were closely correlated with changes in the volume (r = 0.80), the acidity (r = 0.83) and the total conductivity of gastric contents (r = 0.87). Studies in 13 patients referred for a pentagastrin test showed that changes in gastric resistivity before pentagastrin were closely correlated with basal acid output measured on a separate occasion (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001), while changes in gastric resistivity after pentagastrin were correlated with maximal acid output (r = 0.58, p less than 0.05). Ingestion of alcohol by six normal subjects decreased gastric resistivity markedly, probably due to alcohol induced gastric acid secretion as it was prevented by cimetidine. Applied potential tomography is a safe non-invasive method of measuring gastric acid secretion. The equipment is simple to use, and the test is comfortable and acceptable to patients.
Gut 1988 Dec
PMID:Evaluation of applied potential tomography as a new non-invasive gastric secretion test. 322 Mar 15

Stress ulcer syndrome, the occurrence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation from stress-related mucosal damage, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The mortality rate in critically ill patients who have bled from stress ulcers ranges from 50 to 77 percent, whereas the mortality rate for similar patients without stress ulcer bleeding ranges from 9 to 22 percent. The mortality rate may be as high as 90 percent in patients with clinically overt bleeding; as many as one-third of these deaths can be directly related to bleeding. Prophylactic therapy for prevention of stress ulcer bleeding is based on three premises: (1) morbidity and mortality related to stress ulcer syndrome are significant; (2) the population at risk can be identified prior to bleeding; and (3) therapy that decreases gastric acidity or improves gastric mucosal defense mechanisms will prevent ulcer formation or progression to bleeding. A review of prospective clinical studies utilizing prophylactic therapy in critically ill patients and patients undergoing surgery revealed a 17 percent overall bleeding rate for placebo groups compared with lower bleeding rates for antacid- and histamine (H2)-receptor-antagonist-treated groups (4 and 7 percent, respectively). Studies varied greatly in definition of bleeding, dosage regimens, and gastric pH goals. The need to measure gastric pH during treatment is controversial, and the optimal pH goal and the length of time for which it must be maintained remain unknown. Controversy exists as to the best therapeutic option for prophylaxis of stress ulcer syndrome, but when prevention of clinically significant bleeding is the therapeutic goal, antacids and H2-receptor antagonists appear to be equally efficacious.
Am J Med 1987 Dec 18
PMID:Therapeutic goals and treatment options for prevention of stress ulcer syndrome. 332 75

During the last 15 years, there has been a dramatic decline in the incidence of bleeding from stress-related mucosal damage. This decrease probably relates to an increased understanding of those mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of stress-related mucosal damage and the application of this knowledge to prophylaxis and treatment. Stress-related bleeding has become less of a clinical problem, in part, because of the development of improved techniques for the treatment of shock and its accompanying gastric mucosal hypoperfusion. The nearly routine use of prophylactic antacid and/or histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist therapy to adequately buffer intragastric acidity is another factor that has minimized the development of stress-related damage. As continued understanding of the mechanisms responsible for stress damage is obtained and therapy applied appropriately, this disease should become a disorder of only historical interest in years to come.
Am J Med 1987 Dec 18
PMID:Mechanisms of stress-related mucosal damage. 332 80

Acid-base homeostasis depends on glutamine flow from producer organs to those capable of generating bicarbonate. Glutamine oxidation, the prerequisite metabolic transformation, can be expressed by many sites; however, net base generation requires that glutamine flow be directed to a specific organ, the kidney. Normally, glutamine flows from the periphery to the splanchnic bed, providing a major fuel and supporting ureagenesis. Glutamine flow in chronic metabolic acidosis, on the other hand, is rerouted to the kidneys; asymmetrical distribution of NH+4 and HCO3- into the urine and renal vein subserves restoration of alkaline reserves. Clearly, glutamine flows in accordance with physiological demands, yet little is known of the regulatory mechanisms. As a model, chronic metabolic acidosis alters two aspects of this vital flow, its direction and magnitude. Characteristically the direction of flow is away from the splanchnic bed and into the kidneys associated with a marked fall in arterial glutamine concentration, restoring arterial level returns flow to the splanchnic bed sink. Thus glutamine homeostasis is sacrificed to impart direction to interorgan glutamine flow. Although multiple sites contribute to glutamine homeostasis, of great strategic importance is the potent hepatic glutaminase flux activated by portal venous NH+4 fed forward by gut metabolism; local hydrogen ion concentration modulates the effectiveness of this activator. Acute regulation of flow direction can be exerted by the lungs in determining the prevailing pCO2 and cellular acidity; respiratory compensation in chronic acidosis allows the expression of hepatic glutaminase, thereby suppressing arterial glutamine concentration. The enormous magnitude of glutamine flowing from muscle to the kidneys is supported by adaptive increases in glutamine synthetase and mitochondrial glutaminase, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Physiol 1987 Dec
PMID:Interorgan glutamine flow in metabolic acidosis. 332 41

A dose-response gastric secretion test was performed in 87 nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 87 age- and sex-matched controls without renal disease. Twenty-six of the CRF patients were reexamined, 18 undergoing regular hemodialysis and 8 after successful transplantation. The gastric acidity, acid output, and volume output of the nondialyzed CRF subjects were decreased when compared with those of the controls or of patients in the posttransplant phase. This decrease was more marked with low than with high stimulant doses. The decrease in acid output was significantly greater than that in volume output. Moreover, when compared with the dialysis phase the nondialyzed patients had lowered gastric acidity and acid output, but no decrease in volume output was evident. The results indicate that there is an inhibition of gastric secretion in CRF. This inhibition is dependent on strength of stimulation and is abolished by active treatment of CRF, more clearly by transplantation than by maintenance dialysis. In addition, the inhibition is predominantly on the secretion of acid, the output of gastric juice being less affected.
Scand J Gastroenterol 1987 Dec
PMID:Gastric secretion kinetics in chronic renal failure. 332 96

The antimicrobial ability of the lactoperoxidase system was increased by the addition of larger amounts of the thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide at levels above those suggested by other authors. Results of laboratory and field trials revealed that the potentialized system was able to preserve poor-quality raw milk for longer periods of time, at "tropical" temperatures, than when used as recommended previously. It was possible to preserve some milks at 20 degrees C for more than one day, without diminishing their overall quality. At 36 degrees C, the milks did not show acidity development for about 10 hours. Tests conducted under real collection and transportation conditions validated these findings. It was therefore proved that the system can be used practically and that its bactericidal/bacteriostatic effect on the spoilage flora of milk can be increased in order to overcome the particularly adverse conditions of milk handling in the tropics.
Arch Latinoam Nutr 1986 Dec
PMID:Potentialization of the lactoperoxidase system for preservation of raw milk in the tropics. 343 17

Acid precipitation affects the solubility of several metals in aquatic systems and in soil. Cadmium levels in tap water samples from geological areas having low resistance to acidic pollution were significantly higher than those in samples from a neighbouring reference area where there was a different geological structure. The median cadmium levels and pH values were 0.14 microgram l-1 and 5.6 respectively, for the acidic areas compared with 0.07 microgram l-1 and 6.4 respectively for the reference area. Further, there was a significant inverse relationship between both cadmium and lead contents and the pH values of the samples. The mobility of the metals was thus dependent on the acidity. The blood lead levels in 195 subjects from the acidic areas were lower than those in 91 subjects from the reference area (medians 60 vs. 70 micrograms l-1); no significant differences were found in blood cadmium or blood mercury levels. Subjects in the acidic areas had lower plasma selenium levels than those from the reference area (medians 85 vs. 90 micrograms l-1); the difference was mainly attributed to subjects with private wells. The data may indicate a negative effect of the acidic pollution on selenium intake via water and/or foods. There was also a positive relationship between intake of fish on the one hand and blood mercury and plasma selenium on the other, which is in accordance with the role of fish as a source of these metals.
Sci Total Environ 1987 Dec
PMID:Acidic deposition and human exposure to toxic metals. 343 37

Gastric secretion and acidity under maximum pentagastrin stimulation were studied in 36 phenotypical healthy subjects of advanced age and compared with the same parameters in 36 young healthy subjects. Both the volume of gastric secretion and the acidity were significantly lower in the clinically healthy subjects of advanced age and normal weight than in the young adults remaining, however, within the normalcy range. The data suggest that the organism of elderly persons seems to be adequately supplied with gastric secretion and acid content.
Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 1987 Dec
PMID:[Gastric secretion and acidity in clinically healthy persons in old age]. 344 87

A double-blind study on prostacyclin (5 ng/kg/min infused i.v. for 5 hrs per day during 6 consecutive days) for the treatment of peptic gastric ulcers was carried out in thirty patients (15 prostacyclin, 15 placebo). Gastroscopy and its scoring was performed 1-2 days before the treatment, as well as a day and a week after the course of treatment was completed. Basal acid output (BAO) and pentagastrin stimulated release of gastric acid (maximum acid output MAO; peak acid output PAO) were measured before the treatment, during the third infusion, and one day after all the infusions had been completed. At the same time the basal release of bicarbonate into gastric juice was determined. Prostacyclin significantly accelerated healing of the ulcers at the end point of the study. Simultaneously, in the prostacyclin-treated patients an increase in bicarbonate release into gastric juice was noted, although the acidity of gastric juice was not changed. Our study shows a cytoprotective action of prostacyclin on a damaged human gastric mucosa.
Hepatogastroenterology 1986 Dec
PMID:Prostacyclin in patients with peptic gastric ulcers--a placebo controlled study. 354 72


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