Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The latent and hypertonic forms of the course of compensated nephritides more frequently make difficulties concerning the differential diagnosis between a chronic glomerulonephritis and a chronic pyelonephritis. According to the results achieved the determination of the renal processes furthering homoeostasis gives the possibility to demarcate the two diseases. A certain reduction of the creatinine clearance (to less than 90 ml/min) and of the maximum water diuresis (to less than 10.0 per 100 ml glomerular filtrate) is suitable for the latent form of the chronic glomerulonephritis. On the other hand, a reduction of the ammonia secretion (to less than 35 per 100 ml glomerular (filtrate) and of the total H+-ion secretion (to less than 50 per 100 ml glomerular filtrate) in the determination after Alkinton is characteristic for the chronic pyelonephritis. In the hypertensive form of the course of the chronic glomerulonephritis in contrast to the same form in chronic pyelonephritis a reduction of the maximum water diuresis to less than 7.5, of the clearance of the "osmotically free" water to less than 6.0, of the titrable acidity to less than 25 is the result. Here the ammonia quotient transgresses 45%. In chronic pyelonephritis the titrable acidity in considerably increased and the ammonia genesis relatively decreased (to less than 45%).
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PMID:[Determination of homeostatic kidney function in the diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis]. 60 91

Precipitation of water-soluble contrast material (Gastrografin) within the fundus of a man with gastric outlet obstruction is discussed. Precipitation can occur in a stomach with increased acidity; the resultant precipitate possibly causes mucosal irritation, erosion, and bleeding.
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PMID:Precipitation of water-soluble contrast material (Gastrografin) in the stomach in a case of outlet obstruction. 62 87

A simple preconcentration procedure for mercury and copper was examined in the activation analysis of water samples. The preconcentration using pure activated carbon has been reported in several papers. The authors found that the carbon powder for emission spectroscopic analysis showed the high purity equivalent to pure activated carbon. The influence of various parameters in adsorption conditions was studied by radioactive tracers 197Hg and 64Cu. It was confirmed that 100% of these elements were adsorbed on carbon powders as pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate complexes at an acidity of pH 6--8, the temperature of 50 degrees C and the stirring time of 30 minutes. This method was applied to the activation analysis of the river water samples taken from the upper stream area of the Arakawa river and the ground water samples taken from the upper stream area of the Arakawa river and the ground water samples taken from the wells of the environs of Tokyo Megapolis. The carbon powders which adsorbed these elements were filtered, dried and analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The Hg concentrations of 0.01--0.1 ppb in river water and 0.03--1.4 ppb in ground water were obtained as well as the Cu concentrations of 0.3--3.0 ppb in ground water. The limits of determination of this method are 0.01 ppb Hg and 0.2 ppb Cu in the case of 11 sample of fresh water.
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PMID:[Determination of mercury and copper in water samples by activation analysis using preconcentration on emission spectroscopic carbon powder (author's transl)]. 70 56

Heavy water inhibition of skeletal muscle contraction in barnacle and frog is thought to occur through inhibition of Ca release by SR. If this were so, D2O might be useful for studies on control of the inotropic state in mammalian myocardium. We therefore compared selected properties of mechanically disaggregated leaky myocardial fragments, and actomyosin, in D2O and H2O. At equal values of electrode-determined acidity the contraction frequency, initial velocity of 45Ca uptake, and equilibrium (Ca)i/(Ca)o of the myocardial fragments were all less when heavy water was used. For each of these parameters, and for actomyosin superprecipitation, the H2O and D2O acidity-response curves were similar but the D2O curve was shifted to the right. The actomyosin sedimentation rate was less in D2O than in H2O at near neutral acidity but not different under more acidic or basic conditions. Actomyosin ATPase showed an acidity-dependent increased activity in D2O. These results verify that heavy water inhibits contraction in mammalian myocardium, as is the case with invertebrate and frog skeletal muscle. The effect, however, cannot be attributed to inhibition of Ca release from SR.
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PMID:Heavy water effects on leaky heart muscle cells and actomyosin. 73 39

Below the critical concentration of polyvinyl alcohol, the effect of inorganic acids or alkalis on gelation of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution was investigated by color development with iodine after gamma-ray irradiation. The absorbances of the polyvinyl alcohol-iodine complex decreased remarkably in the presence of nitric or perchloric acid. These acids decompose and form oxygen or hydrogen peroxide which oxidize the polymer and leads to a fading of the color. On addition of sulfuric, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids, the absorbances decrease in the order that agrees with that of the acidity of these acids at the same molarity. In the alkaline solution the absorbances decrease by the addition of sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia in the order that agrees with that of the basicity of these alkalis. These results indicate that the gel formation is caused by the radiolysis of water. As a result of chemical analysis, these additives are considered not to be attached to the polymer.
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PMID:Effect of addition of inorganic acids or alkalis on gelation of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution by gamma-ray irradiation.--Color development with iodine--. 74 Sep 20

Purine C-8 tritium-labeling rates have been measured at specific sites in Escherichia coli tRNAIle and tRNA2Tyr. The results are compared with those obtained for yeast tRNAPhe (preceding paper(Gamble et al., 1976)). The tRNAIle and tRNAPhe fall into the same general class of tRNA structures, while tRNA2Tyr is in a differint class; in particular, the latter is characterized by a large extra loop. In each of the three tRNAs the 3'-terminal A has the same labeling rate and, on a relative basis, appears to be the most rapidly labeled site. Bases in cloverleaf helical sections have markedly retarded labeling rates that collectively fall within an approximately threefold range of time constants. At some of the common purines, believed to be essential for the construction of a general system of tertiary interactions, exchange rates for yeast tRNAPhe are significantly different than those for the two Escherichia coli tRNAs. these differences may arise from variations among the tRNAs in the relative stabilities of specific tertiary interactions, or from other factors as well. In the case of tRNA2Tyr, labeling rates for bases in the large variable region are sufficiently retarded to suggest some structural organization for this part of the molecule. In addition, since exchange rates are similar for some of the bases common to Escherichia coli tRNAIle and tRNA2Tyr, it is likely that the large variable loop of tRNA2Tyr does not interact with or perturb these common sites. Finally, for all three tRNAs, structure formation (e.g., base pairing, base stacking) invariably decreases the labeling rate, even though the variety of base environments in the three-dimensional structures of these tRNAs might be expected to affect the acidity of C-8 and other chemical properties in diverse ways. Although these chemical effects no doubt bear influence, in these studies the dominant influence on exchange may be the effect of structure on the accessibility of solvent molecules, i.e. water.
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PMID:Comparison of isotope labeling patterns of purines in three specific transfer RNAs. 77 30

1. The renal dysfunction in the chronic compensated pyelonephritis means a selective decrease of the maximum osmotic concentration power, the ammonia secretion and the total secretion of hydrogen ions in the glomerular filtration rate, proximal reabsorption of the fluid of the tubule, excretion of osmotically free water and acidity of the urine which can be titrated. 2. The functional distrubances observed in chronic pyelonephritis do not as a whole differ from those disturbances in chronic compensated glomerulonephritis, but in the disease first mentioned there is in every case no decrease of the endogenic creatinine clearance and the maximum water diuresis. 3. The latent chronic pyelonephritis differs from the latent chronic glomerulonephritis by a normal endogenic creatinine clearance and maximum water diuresis and by a decrease of the ammonia and hydrogen ion secretion. These disturbances to a certain extent may be regarded as specific for the chronic pyelonephritis. In comparison with the chronic hypertonic pyelonephritis in the chronic hypertonic pyelonephritis the maximum water diuresis is normal and the titratable acidity is slightly increased. 4. The kind of renal dysfunctions can be of importance for the differential diagnosis between chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis particularly in the latent forms of the two diseases.
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PMID:[Tubular kidney dysfunction and its etiology in chronic pyelonephritis]. 84 42

Acute clearance studies were performed in normal subjects to establish the site(s) and mechanism of action of the new diuretic agent, bumetanide (3-n-butylamino-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamylbenzoic acid), in the human kidney. When the drug was administered during water diuresis, solute-free water formation was unchanged associated with a peak increment in fractional sodium excretion of approximately 15% of filtered load. However, studies performed in hydropenic subjects demonstrated a virtual abolition of free water reabsorption. The diuretic caused a mild phosphaturia which did not appear to be related to alterations in parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, whereas net hydrogen ion excretion and urinary pH were unchanged, the excretion of ammonium ion, titratable acidity and bicarbonate all increased mildly. Taken together, the data suggest that the primary site of action of bumetanide is the medullary portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, but that in addition, bumetanide inhibits the transport of sodium in the proximal nephron. Despite the fact that the drug is a sulfonamide derivative, its proximal activity seems unrelated to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effect. More likely the agent interferes with proximal reabsorption by impairing sodium-phosphate linked transport.
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PMID:Study of the sites and mechanisms of action of bumetanide in man. 85 Jan 44

This paper describes the effect of external chloride on the typical swelling response induced in duck red cells by hypertonicity or norepinephrine. Lowering chloride inhibits swelling and produces concomitant changes in net movements of sodium and potassium in ouabain-treated cells, which resemble the effect of lowering external sodium or potassium. Inhibition is the same whether chloride is replaced with gluconate or with an osmotic equivalent of sucrose. Since changes in external chloride also cause predictable changes in cell chloride, pH, and water, these variables were systematically investigated by varying external pH along with chloride. Lowering pH to 6.60 does not abolish the response if external chloride levels are normal, although the cells are initially swollen due to the increased acidity. Cells deliberately preswollen in hypotonic solutions with appropriate ionic composition can also respond to norepinephrine by further swelling. These results rule out initial values of cell water, chloride, and pH as significant variables affecting the response. Initial values of the chloride equilibrium potential do have marked effect on the direction and rate of net water movement. If chloride is lowered by replacement with the permeant anion, acetate, E(Cl) is unchanged and a normal response to norepinephrine, which is inhibited by furosemide, is observed. Increasing internal sodium by the nystatin technique also inhibits the response. A theory is developed which depicts that the cotransport carrier proposed in the previous paper (W.F. Schmidt and T.J. McManus. 1977b. J. Gen. Physiol. 70:81-97) moves in response to the net electrochemical potential difference driving sodium and potassium across the membrane. Predictions of this theory fit the data for both cations and anions.
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PMID:Ouabain-insensitive salt and water movements in duck red cells. III. The role of chloride in the volume response. 89 53

Pasteurisation of milk provides protection for the consumer against pathogens which may be present in the raw milk, and improves its keeping quality. Sterilisation provides indefinite keeping quality but has an undesirable effect on the flavour and nutritive value of the milk. Ultra high temperature (UHT) treatment produces a milk with prolonged shelf life at ambient temperatures yet has practically the same effect on colour, falvour and nutritive value as pasteurisation. UHT treatment of milk involves preheating to 80 degrees C and then quickly raising the temperature, either by indirect heating in a tubular heater or by direct steam injection, to 130 degrees-- to 150 degrees C at which temperature it is kept for 3 to 5 sec. Cooling follows immediately. Systems in operation in South Africa use steam injection for heating to sterilising temperatures. Evaporation cooling is obtained by subjecting milk to a partial vacuum. This removes any water added during heating by condensing steam and also removes steam-volatile off-flavours. UHT-treated milk is packed aseptically, usually into heat-sealed paperboard laminated cartons. Intact packages can be kept for up to three months. Absolute sterility cannot be obtained by UHT processing. The term "sterilising effect", introduced by Galesloot, means the log10 of the ratio of initial spore count to surviving spore count. A spoilage rate of not more than one litre package per 1000 is considered satisfactory. For laboratory control samples of the sterilized milk are incubated at temperatures favourable to germination of mesophilic and thermophilic spores respectively. After incubation the milk is examined for flavour and physical appearance, subjected to the standard plate count and tested for increase in acidity and decrease in stability towards the alcohol test. Milk for UHT treatment must possess protein stability in the alcohol test, be of good bacteriological quality, and a low spore count in particular.
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PMID:[UHT--behandeling van melk (author's transl)]. 94 93


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