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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study compares the prophylactic effects of two different diets and routes of feeding on restraint stress-induced gastric erosions in the rat. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were food-deprived and immobilized for 24 hours using a steel wire mesh. A small silicone tube was placed into either the proximal jejunum or the stomach via a laparotomy. There were three groups of ten rats (five jejunum-fed, five stomach-fed), receiving infusions (50 ml/24 h) of: (A) normal saline; (B) free amino acids (Vivonex HN, Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals) (60 cal and 0.318 G nitrogen); or (C) a peptide diet, with the nitrogen source as lactalbumin hydrolysate, otherwise identical to B. Gastric acidity was measured every 4 hours. At 24 hours, blood was collected and serum gastrin levels determined. The animals were then sacrificed and the stomachs examined. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Fewer gastric erosions and lower serum gastrin levels and gastric acidity were found in animals fed diets B and C, versus animals fed normal saline (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between groups B and C. Our results also show that enteral diets using the jejunal route are better than those using the gastric route in reducing the incidence of stress-induced gastric erosions in rats.
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PMID:Efficacy of enteral diets in the prevention of stress-induced gastric erosions in rats. 310 49

Zabadi was made from cow's milk incorporated with 10, 20 and 30% whey protein concentrate (WPC) or 2, 4 and 6% soy protein concentrate (SPC). Addition of WPC up to 20% or SPC up to 4% to cow's milk improved the consistency and flavour of the resultant zabadi and also increased its total solids, total protein, acidity, total volatile fatty acids and soluble nitrogen contents. When WPC was added to cow's milk at a level of 20% together with SPC at a level of 2% the best quality zabadi was obtained.
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PMID:Quality of zabadi made from cow's milk fortified with whey and soy proteins. 324 70

The question is of nephrological interest, whether the secretory product of eccrine sudoriferous glands apart from the well known function for thermoregulation is useful as excretory product for the therapy of renal insufficiency. In 17 healthy subjects and 39 patients with renal insufficiency thermal sweat was obtained by exposition in the sauna and four-tub bath. Control of the trainability of sweating in 23 patients during six weeks in the Kneipp cure sanatory. For the daily fluid balance remarkable quantities of sweat could be achieved. The sweat performance is trainable. The content of soluta in the sweat of patients with renal insufficiency surmounts that of healthy test persons. The excretion of nitrogen metabolites, electrolytes and acidity is quantitatively different and is analysed individually. Apart from the reliable methods of the conservative and invasive therapy of the uraemia the thermically stimulated sweating can be recommended as an adjuvant therapeutic regime.
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PMID:[Secretory performance of eccrine sweat glands from the nephrologic viewpoint]. 363 Feb 92

The influence of feedstuffs treated with ionizing radiation on the nutrition of dogs was tested in four groups of animals. Two groups were administered for 90 days a ration, the main part of which (VETACAN meat feed mixture and VETAVIT loose feed mixture) was irradiated with radioisotope Co 60 of the intensity of 25 kGy/kg, in other two groups of dogs the nonirradiated ration was used for the same time period. The control groups of dogs were put together for these two diets. The laboratory examination of irradiated feedstuffs confirmed their complete microbiological and mycological intactness. However, the irradiation brought about a significant 35% degradation of essential amino acids with an increase of ammonia nitrogen, destructive changes in the lipid component of feedstuffs and a partial decomposition of the saccharide part of the VETAVIT feed mixture, expressed by the acidity of water extract. The sensory evaluation of irradiated feedstuffs did not show any perceptible alterations. The haematological examination of the blood of animals, which had been administered irradiated feed rations, demonstrated a significant negative influence on the blood picture. The biochemical examination of the blood serum and plasma revealed that total proteins of experimental dogs dropped and the creatinine level was also significantly decreased. Neither was the level of carbohydrate nutrition nor the energy saturation affected by irradiation. The glucose levels in the blood serum of dogs fluctuated within the range of physiological reference values. The growth of free ammoniacal bases of feedstuffs, evoked by ionizing radiation, conditioned obviously the level of actual pH of blood in dogs as determined in this study. The destruction of lipoid fraction in the feedstuffs induced a decrease in the activity of lipophile retinol and thus the biological value of feeds was impaired. The biochemical examination of ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activity did not show any increased activity of parenchyma, in particular of liver cell. A decisive role of the biological quality of feed ration for utilization of some minerals was demonstrated by a significant decrease of the magnesium level in animals administered irradiated feed rations without any biological supplementation. On the contrary, the potassium, calcium and phosphorus levels did not reflect this dietary difference between the groups.
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PMID:[The effect of feeds treated with ionizing irradiation on biochemical indicators of the nutritional value of energy nutrients]. 393 33

Two experiments of Latin square design, with four Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas at 4-10 d of age, were made to study the effect of giving varying levels of single-cell protein on the abomasal outflow and composition of digesta. In Expt 1, diets in which 0, 220, 440, and 660 g/kg milk protein were replaced by the bacterial protein Pruteen were compared from 14 d of age. In Expt 2, which began at about 61 d of age, a comparison was made of diets in which 0, 220, 440 and 660 g/kg milk protein were replaced by the yeast protein Toprina. Collection of abomasal outflow was made for 8 h after feeding for 2 d within each 6 d period of the Latin square design experiment. The amount of diet offered daily was 50 g dry matter/kg body-weight 0.75. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), which was used as an indigestible marker, total nitrogen (TN), protein-N (PN), fat, and potassium, sodium and chloride ion outflows were measured together with pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) and chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) activities, pH and titratable acidity. In Expt 1 there was little difference in the outflow of liquid digesta between diets and about 0.9 of the dietary PEG was recovered within the 8 h collection period. With increasing amounts of Pruteen in the diet, outflows of TN, PN, fat and Na+ increased, and the pH of digesta increased. However, the volume of 'apparent secretion' into the abomasum (outflow - intake), pepsin activity, chymosin activity, titratable acidity, (outflow of Cl- -outflow of Na+) as a measure of outflow of HCl, and outflows of K+ and of Cl- were reduced. All outflows decreased with the time interval after feeding, except (Cl- -Na+) outflow. In Expt 2, the same trends as in Expt 1 were apparent, but since one calf had to be slaughtered and the experiment had to be analysed as a randomized block, only PN and K+ outflows and pH were significantly affected by dietary treatment, with K+ outflow increasing, rather than decreasing, with increasing concentration of single-cell protein in the diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant calf. Abomasal outflow and its composition from calves given milk-substitute diets containing varying amounts of either bacterial or yeast protein. 393 53

To study the biological value of kumyss leaven, experiments were made with mono-cultures contained by kumyss leaven. The cultures Streptococcus lactis, strain 1-27, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, strain B-3, acetic acid bacteria and the yeast culture Torulopsis kefir var kumis, strain 17 contained by kumyss leaven were employed as test objects. Experiments were performed with defattened cow's milk. The following parameters were measured: acidity according to Turner (T degree), dry residue, total nitrogen according to Kjeldahl's micromethod, amino acid composition by ion-exchange chromatography, biological value according to the amino acid score. All the parameters were studied over time for 5 days. The vital activity of the cultures produced different effects on the acidity, dry residue and amino acid composition, therefore on the biological value of kumyss leavens. It is assumed that the data obtained may be of importance for kumyss manufacture.
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PMID:[Amino acid composition and biological value of koumiss leaven]. 393 75

The composition of bulk milk of 18 herds of ewes and 14 herds of goats and the milk of 10 individual animals of each ewes and goats during a 12 weeks lactation period was studied. The average percentage of acidity of bulk ewe's milk (0.22), fat (6.4), lactose (4.3), total nitrogen (0.9) calcium (0.169), ash (0.940) and total solids (18.6) were higher than 0.17, 4.0, 3.9, 0.62, 0.130, 0.81 and 12.8 of bulk goat's milk. Phosphorus (0.074) was almost similar to (0.077), while non-protein nitrogen (0.0022) was about thirteen times lower than 0.028 of goat's milk. Determined parameters increased, whereas lactose and non-protein nitrogen decreased with progression of the lactation period. Individual ewe's milk occasionally contained 1.4% fat and 0.56% total nitrogen closely resembling individual goat's milk.
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PMID:The composition of Karadi ewe's and goat's milk. 399 Jul 86

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of various levels of chlormequat (CCC) and alar on the biochemical changes in tomato plants and fruits at different stages of growth. This experiment included spraying with chlormequat and alar separately in two equal doses (250, 500 and 1000 ppm CCC or alar 25 and 40 days after transplanting). The different levels of chlormequat decreased the accumulation of dry matter in tomato plants, but alar increased it. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content of tomato plants increased by the application of CCC or alar. The highest increase of concentration of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in tomato plants were found by spraying with 500 ppm alar or CCC. The application of CCC and alar declined the percentage of carbohydrates and the highest decrease resulted by adding of 1000 ppm alar or CCC. Alar caused an increase in the percentage of total nitrogen at the different stages of growth. The concentration of P, K, Ca and Mg increased by the foliar spray of all treatments. Alar application at all used levels significantly increased the yield and also the weight of fruits. Highest plant productivity was obtained by using alar and CCC at 250 ppm, followed by 500 ppm. However, the highest concentration (1000 ppm) depressed the plant productivity. The concentration of juice, total soluble solids and vitamin C in tomato fruits increased at most of the levels added. But the percentage of total sugars and total acidity seemed to exert another trend. The highest concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in fruits was obtained by foliar application of 500 ppm CCC or alar.
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PMID:Effect of chlormequat and alar on some biochemical constituents in tomato plants and fruits. 400 Feb 46

1. The variations in the excitation and fluorescence wavelengths and fluorescence intensities of a number of indole and aniline derivatives over a wide range of acidity and alkalinity (36n-sulphuric acid to 10n-potassium hydroxide) have been studied. 2. The changes in fluorescence with pH of the indoles and anilines had many characteristics in common, and the most fluorescent species were found to be the non-ionized or neutral forms showing fluorescence maxima at about lambda 350mmu. 3. In 10n-potassium hydroxide most of the compounds examined, except those containing a tertiary nitrogen atom, showed a bathochromic shift in fluorescence wavelength attributable to an anion due to a negatively charged nitrogen, but in strong acid (3n-sulphuric acid) these compounds were non-fluorescent, except the anisidines and the 5-hydroxyindoles. 4. p-Anisidine but not the o- and m-isomers showed excited-state ionization in acid solution. 5. Of the hydroxyindoles only the 5-hydroxy derivatives showed a fluorescence (lambda(max.) 520-540mmu) in acid solution. It is suggested that this fluorescence is due to a proton-transfer reaction in the excited state, and various arguments for this suggestion are given. 6. Stokes shifts for the various ionic and neutral species of the indoles and anilines have been calculated, and the large shifts found with indole and p-anisidine may be due to solvent-solute interaction.
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PMID:The fluorescence of indoles and aniline derivatives. 564 78

The effects of low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on actively dividing cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus roseus, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus cereus were studied. Fresh cultures of each organism were incubated for 24 h at 25 degrees C on both nutrient agar and mineral salts glucose agar plates under atmospheres containing various low concentrations of NO in air (0 to 1.9 ppm [0 to 2.0 micrograms/g of air]), NO2 in air (0 to 5.5 ppm [0 to 8.8 micrograms/g of air]), or NO and NO2 in air. Bacteria grown under air only were used as controls. After incubation, the colonies that developed on the plates were counted. None of the bacteria tested was affected by NO or NO2 at the indicated concentrations while growing on nutrient agar. Serratia marcescens, B. circulans, B. subtilis, B. megaterium, and B. cereus grown on mineral salts glucose agar were not significantly affected by NO or NO2. Low concentrations (0 to 1.9 ppm) of NO were bacteriostatic to log-phase cultures of M. roseus, M. luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus grown on mineral salts glucose agar. Bacteriostatic activity over a 24-h interval was maximal at an initial NO concentration of 1 ppm. Appreciable amounts of NO2 were produced in 24 h at initial NO concentrations greater than 1 ppm. These results suggest that NO2 may reduce the bacteriostatic activity of NO. Low concentrations (0 to 5.5 ppm) of NO2 in air did not affect any of the bacteria tested. At these low concentrations, NO affected bacterial growth, although NO2, NO2-, and NO3- did not. In addition, it was determined that the bacteriostatic activity observed in this study was not due to an increase in the acidity of the medium.
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PMID:Effects of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide on bacterial growth. 635 44


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