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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen dry Holstein cows were assigned four groups combining either .2 or 2.1% calcium and pH of either 4.5 or 6.1 in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to study the effect of diet calcium and acidity (pH) on voluntary intake of dry matter, mineral metabolism, and blood constituents. The 86-day experiment was started 84 days prepartum and completed 2 days postpartum. Voluntary dry matter ingestion tended to be higher with higher calcium and acidity (lower pH) diets. Calcium nutriture was improved by more acid diets. More total calcium was apparently absorbed (26 and 7 g) when the diet contained 2.1% calcium, but the .2% calcium diet resulted in a higher apparent percent absorption (25 and 17%) during the dry period. An increased apparent absorption (70 and 5 g) and utilization of diet calcium occurred with the higher calcium treatment at 2 days postpartum. Magnesium and phosphorus utilizations were improved with lower diet calcium. Although experimental treatments had no significant effect on blood minerals, serum calcium decreased 12% 2 days postpartum. A better calcium nutriture was provided by the higher calcium diets when the diets maintained a positive balance for magnesium and phosphorus.
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PMID:Diet calcium and pH versus mineral balance in Holstein cows 84 days pre- to 2 days postpartum. 0 81

A metabolic balance study was performed to determine the effects of wine vs ethanol on absorption of various elements. Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium data are reported here. The study was divided into four 18-day experimental periods during which six healthy males were given, in random order, 1 liter/day of one of the following test beverages: Zinfandel wine (9.3% w/v alcohol); delacholized Zinfandel wine; pure ethanol (9.3% w/v aqueous solution); or deionized water. The test beverages were administered along with a controlled isocaloric diet in four equal feedings over a 12-hr period. Each man served as his own control. Urinary calcium and magnesium did not change appreciably during the course of the study. Urinary phosphorous, however, was significantly greater during wine and ethanol administration, suggesting that alcohol may affect the metabolism or renal tubular reabsorption of this element. Despite considerable individual variation, the data showed that wine and dealcoholized wine enhanced absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. This apparently was due to an effect of one or more of the many congeners present in wine and absent in a calorically equivalent amount of pure ethanol. The natural acidity of wine also may have played a role in creating a more favorable intraluminal environment for absorption. There was no significant difference between experimental periods in serum calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
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PMID:Wine versus ethanol in human nutrition. III. Calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium balance. 43 14

Total phosphorus was estimated after mineralization of a sample, containing organic phosphoesters and proteins; a method is based on the formation of phosphomolybdenovanadium complex at acid pH. The analyses for inorganic phosphorus were carried our together with estimation if some labile phosphoesters (glucose-I-phosphate, ADP, ATP), which was possible due to low acidity of the medium (0.24 N HC1O4), small concentrations of reagents (3.2 mg/ml of molybdate, 0.08 mg/ml vanadate), addition of sodium citrate to neutralize the excess of molybdenovanadium acid and extraction of the colored complex with butyl or isobutyl alcohol. Optical density was measured at two wave lengths (340 nm and 390 nm) which enabled to estimate from 0.5 to 80 microng of phosphrorus in a sample.
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PMID:[Determination of total and inorganic phosphorus in the presence of organic phosphoric acid esters and proteins]. 102 59

Yeast external invertase (EC 3.2.1.25), a glycoenzyme consisting of equal parts by weight of protein and mannan, has been found to contain covalently bound phosphate. Three preparations (from two yeast strains) had mannose/PO4 ratios of 31-35, equivalent to 24-27 PO4 residues per mol of enzyme, while a fourth had only 7 PO4 residues per mol. From one of the high-PO4 enzymes, approx. 69% of the phosphorus was recovered as mannose 6-phosphate. No correlation was found between invertase activity and phosphorus content. The PO4 contents of the invertases exceeded those of the cell wall mannans from the respective yeasts. Thus, contamination of the invertases by cell wall phosphomannan is unlikely. Electrofocusing of the low-PO4 invertase yielded four components with pI values from 3.96 to 4.40, and yeast internal invertase (a mannan- and PO4-free, cytoplasmic isozyme) was isoelectric at approx. pH 4.5. The high-PO4 invertase was considerably more heterogeneous, with two major species of pI 3.65 and 3.32 and a highly acidic component of pI smaller than 2.7; however, the mannose/PO4 ratio of each species was approximately the same. PO4-gradient elution from hydroxyapatite resolved the high-PO4 invertase into five isozymes of increasing acidity and mannan content. Since the mannose/PO4 ratios of these invertase species are constant, the increase in the mannan/protein (and, therefore PO4/protein ratio is apparently responsible for the microheterogeneity of phosphoinvertase.23
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PMID:Microheterogeneity in yeast invertase. 109 60

No evidence of renal involvement was found in 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine laboratory tests, including serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and urinalysis. In view of recent publications (1-9) which report renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis, we studied 16 patients of our group (nonrandomized, 3 men and 16 women, average age 55.4 years, average duration of disease 11.9 years). We examined creatinine clearance, urinary excretion of alpha-2 microalbumin, beta-2 microglobulin, cystine, and urine concentration and acidity after a 10-hour fast. 10 patients had disturbances in 1 or more of the functions examined, in 9 of whom tubular functions were involved. In 6 there was no evidence of renal involvement. There was no correlation between renal involvement and past or present therapy, but there were direct correlations between renal involvement, duration of disease and age. Thus we found evidence for subclinical renal damage not revealed by routine laboratory tests in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This damage should be taken into consideration when operation, examination with contrast material, or treatment with other nephrotoxic agents are being considered in these patients.
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PMID:[Subclinical renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis]. 145

An acidic intravenous source of phosphorus (Addiphos) was compared with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate in 25 preterm infants to study acid-base state. Eight infants were given either Addiphos or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate alternately for 48 hour periods and similar amounts of calcium and phosphorus were delivered. There were no significant differences in calcium and phosphorus intake, calcium and phosphate plasma concentrations, or acid-base state between study periods on the two solutions. Seventeen infants were given the two solutions alternately for 72 hour periods; Addiphos was used to increase the amounts of calcium and phosphorus being delivered. Calcium and phosphorus intake was decreased on dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, but Addiphos significantly increased calcium and phosphorus intake and plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations. It also lowered the pH of the urine and raised the titratable acidity. Acid-base state, however, was not significantly different. It is therefore possible to increase intake of calcium and phosphorus in preterm infants without causing a significant metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:Acid-base state of the preterm infant and the formulation of intravenous feeding solutions. 211 Aug 4

Reactions of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with phosphonoformic acid (PFA), phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), and methylenediphosphonic acid (MDP) yield various phosphonatoplatinum(II) chelates which were characterized by phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy. The P-31 resonances for the chelates appear at 6-12 ppm downfield as compared to the uncomplexed ligands. All complexes exhibit monoprotic acidic behavior in the pH range 2-10. The chemical shift-pH profiles yielded acidity constants, 1.0 x 10(-4), 1.5 x 10(-4), and 1.3 x 10(-6) M-1, for the PFA, PAA, and MDP chelates. In addition to the monomeric chelate, MDP formed a bridged diplatinum(II,II) complex when it reacted with cis-Pt (NH3)2(H2O)2(2)+. The P-31 resonance for this binuclear complex appears at 22 ppm downfield from the unreacted ligand. Rate data for the complexation reactions of the phosphonate ligands with the dichloroplatinum complex are consistent with a mechanism in which a monodentate complex is formed initially through rate-limiting aquation process of the platinum complex, followed by a rapid chelation. For the PFA and PAA complexes, initial binding sites are the carboxylato oxygens. Implications of the various binding modes of the phosphonates in relationship to their antiviral activities are discussed.
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PMID:Phosphonato complexes of platinum(II): kinetics of formation and phosphorus-31 NMR characterization studies. 215 Aug 56

Eighteen different infants' drinks from five manufacturers were examined for their carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus and acid contents, and their attack on tooth mineral. Seven of the drinks were compared with nine varieties of adults' soft drinks, and demineralization was studied with and without the presence of a cariogenic oral streptococcus. The influence of the acids already in the drinks in dissolving Ca and P outstripped that of any acid generated in these studies in vitro by microbial fermentation of the sugars they contained, giving an indication of their relative erosiveness rather than their cariogenic action. Various other features of the drinks relevant to dental health were identified. Titratable acid was a better guide than pH to their dental properties. Although there were considerable differences between the various infants' drinks, taken as a group, their acidity levels and demineralizing powers were generally lower than those of the adults' drinks.
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PMID:Potential dental effects of infants' fruit drinks studied in vitro. 240 Jul 65

This study was conducted to determine the effect of a high protein diet on calcium metabolism in rat. Wistar strain male rats (50 days old) were divided into 5 groups (day 0): control diet (18% casein); high protein diet (18% casein +20% lactalbumin); high protein and 0.1% sodium bicarbonate diet; high protein and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate diet; and high protein and 0.4% sodium bicarbonate diet. On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, urine samples were collected and, at the same time, feces were collected from half of the animals in each group. Urinary titratable acidity (TA-HCO3-), ammonium ion (NH4+), and net acid excretion (NAE) were measured as an index of acid-base balance in rat body. Urinary volume was rapidly increased and the increase of urinary volume continued throughout the study in rats fed the high protein diet. Urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus were increased after day 3 and day 1, respectively, in rats fed the high protein diet. The high protein diet depressed calcium absorption and elevated phosphorus absorption from the digestive tract in rats fed the high protein diet. The high protein diet decreased TA-HCO3-, which was closely correlated with the decrease of NAE. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation to the high protein diet had little effect on urinary calcium excretion and NAE. This study suggested that there was no relationship between metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria in rats fed the high protein diet.
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PMID:Effects of high protein diet and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on calcium metabolism in rats. 263 82

The available collaborative studies for standard methods of analysis for various constituents of milk and milk products were examined in an attempt to assign specific repeatability and reproducibility precision parameters to these methods. The different collaborative assays for the primary constituents (moisture/solids, fat, protein), the nutritionally important elements (calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus), and miscellaneous analytes/physical constants (ash, lactose, salt, freezing point) produced different estimates of the precision parameters for the same method. A suitable summary of the precision estimates from collaborative studies is given by the reproducibility relative standard deviation, RSDg, which is relatively constant within a product and permits comparisons across products. An estimate of the variation of RSDR for an analyte from a number of collaborative studies is presented in terms of the median and 90% interval (the range of the centermost 90% of values). These estimates are only informative when a substantial number of independent studies are available for pooling the independent estimates to form a distribution of RSDR values. The RSDR for the determination of the primary constituents of milk and milk products is characterized by a median RSDR of 1% and a 90% interval of 0.3-3%, with RSDR estimates occasionally occurring below 0.3% and above 4%. These overall estimates appear to be independent of analyte, matrix, and method and apply to concentrations of primary constituents that range from about 2 to 80%. The repeatability relative standard deviation, RSDr, is unstable, although it tends to converge to about 0.5-0.7 X RSDR. Too few collaborative assays are available to characterize RSDR for the determination of certain other constituents (acidity, ash, lactose, salt, and the nutritionally important elements) unless RSDR values for different analytes, methods, and matrixes are pooled on the basis of similar analyte concentrations. When pooled, the RSDR values are generally better than predicted from the Horwitz equation, RSDR (%) = 2 exp (1-0.5 log10C), where C is the concentration expressed as a decimal fraction; all but one of 661 RSDR values are within the upper empirical limit of twice this curve.
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PMID:Precision parameters of standard methods of analysis for dairy products. 280 41


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